TBS Phase I

Snakebite treatment

Calm the patient, locate the bite area, wrap soft rubber tubes above and below the fang marks, remove constrictive clothing, cool but do not freeze, immobilize extremity with a splint

Classified Material

A document or any media upon which classified information is recorded or embodied

Terrain Profile

An exaggerated side view of a portion of the earth's surface along a line between two points

Two methods of casualty reporting

9-line CasEvac / MedEvac request, Casualty report

Types of vegetation

Annual, permanent

Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

Any information or characteristics that may be used to distinguish or trace an individual's identity; FOUO

Equal Opportunity

A concept which requires that the objectives of fair and equal treatment to be applied to all management functions and leadership actions

Time

A constraint imposed by the mission or the enemy

Decision-making Variables

'The 70% solution'

Two Methods of Decision Making

- Analytical - Recognitional

Types of guard

- Exterior guard - Ship's detachment - Interior guard

Boyd Cycle

- Observe - Orient - Decide - Act

Purpose of the interior guard

- Preserve order - Protect property - Enforce regulations

Principles of Risk Management

- accept no unnecessary risk - accept risk when benefits outweigh cost - make risk decisions at the right level - anticipate and manage risk by planning

Compass techniques

- center hold - compass-to-cheek

Visual inspection of the lensatic compass

- cover glass is not broken, clouded, or cracked - compass dial does not stick and is free floating

Suicide prevention programs

- national suicide prevention hotline 1-800-SUICIDE - military OneSource - Leaders guide for managing marines in distress - Marine Corps Suicide prevention program

Situational Techniques

- orientation by inspection - orientation to grid and magnetic north

Decision-making Stimuli

- rational calculation - intuition/gut feeling - emotion

Steps to solving azimuth

1. Determine the GM angle 2. Determine the known azimuth 3. Solve for the unknown azimuth

Decide

A course of action

Risk assessment code (RAC)

1 - critical 2 - serious 3 - moderate 4- minor 5- negligible

Five Horizontal Themes of Officership

1. A man or woman of exemplary character 2. Devoted to leading Marines 24/7 3. Able to decide, communicate, and act in the fog of war 4. A warfighter who embraces the Corps' warrior ethos 5. Mentally strong and physically tough

Six Tactical Tenets

1. Achieving a decision 2. Gaining an advantage 3. Being faster 4. Adapting 5. Cooperating 6. Exploiting success and finishing

Normative ethical theory categories

1. Consequentialism 2. Deontology 3. Virtue ethics

Steps to terrain profiling

1. Construct a profile chart 2. Transfer the information on the map to the profile chart

Nine Rules of the Law of Armed Conflict

1. Fight only enemy combatants 2. Do not harm enemy combatants who surrender 3. Do not torture or kill enemy prisoners of war or detainees 4. Care for the wounded, whether friend or foe 5. Do not attack medical personnel, facilities, equipment, or chaplains 6. Destroy no more than the mission requires 7. Treat all civilians humanely 8. Do not steal; respect private property and possessions 9. Do the best to prevent violations of the law of war, and report all violations to higher

Check for breathing

1. Give two breaths 2. Look, listen, and feel

9-line

1. Grid coordinates of pick up site (8 digit) 2. Radio frequency/NET ID and call sign 3. Number of casualties by precedence 4. Special equipment requirement 5. Number of casualties by the type litter 6. Security at pick up site 7. Method of marking 8. Patient nationality and status 9. Causality information / CBRN

Five steps of risk management

1. Identify hazards 2. Assess hazards to determine risk 3. Develop controls and make risk decisions 4. Implement controls 5. Supervise and evaluate

Nine Principles of War

1. Mass 2. Offensive 3. Objective 4. Security 5. Economy of Force 6. Maneuver 7. Unity of Command 8. Surprise 9. Simplicity

Casualty Report (CasRep)

1. Name, grade, SSN, unit 2. Time of incident 3. Location of incident 4. Type of wound 5. Location of wound 6. Casualty status 7. Casualty evacuation required? 8. Activity in which casualty engaged

Three principles of self defense

1. Necessity 2. De-escalate 3. Proportionality

Four Basic Lifesaving Steps

1. Open the airway 2. Check for breathing 3. Check for signs of circulation 4. Treat for shock

Three functions of ROE

1. PROVIDE GUIDANCE from the President and Secretary of Defense to deployed units on the use of force for mission accomplishment and the exercise of the inherent right and obligation of unit self-defense 2. Act as a CONTROL MECHANISM for the transition from peacetime to combat operations 3. Provide a mechanism to FACILITATE PLANNING AND TRAINING. ROE provide a framework that encompasses national policy goals, mission requirements, and the rule of law

Open the airway

1. Place the hand nearest the victim's head on his or her forehead and apply firm backwards pressure with your palm to tilt the head backward 2. Place the fingers of your other hand under the bony part of his lower jaw at the chin and lift to bring the chin forward

Two types of risk

1. Tactical risk 2. Accident risk

Directive

A formal written communication that: - establishes or revises policy - delegates authority - assigns a mission - issues plan - directs courses of action - establishes a procedure - modifies another directive

Azimuth

A horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line

True North

A line to the North Pole

Sheet name

A map is generally named for the largest settlement contained within the area covered by the sheet, or for the largest natural feature located within the area

Orient

A mental image of the situation seen

Recognitional Decision Making

A model of how people make quick, effective decisions

Standard Subject Identification Code Block

A number that identifies the subject of a document, derived from SECNAV M-5210.2

Limiting/catching feature

A predetermined feature, preferably linear, beyond your objective

Intentional Offset

A process of intentionally offsetting the magnetic azimuth between 1 and 4 degrees to take advantage of a linear terrain feautre

Heat stroke

A serious malfunction of the body's heat regulatory mechanism; send for medical assistance, apply water or ice to entire body

Fraternization

A social or business relationship between Marines of different grades in violation of a custom of the naval service which impacts adversely on good order and discipline, or degrades the status of the position that a Marine holds

Casualty Assessment

A systematic process for assessment of the trauma casualty and is essential for recognizing life-threatening conditions, identifying injuries, and determining priorities of care based on findings

Hostile Force

Any civilian, paramilitary, or military force that has been declared hostile by appropriate US AUTHORITY

Hazing

Any conduct whereby one military member causes another to suffer or be exposed to an activity which is cruel, abusive, humiliating, or oppressive

Deontology

An action is judged to be morally right if it is in accordance with one's duty

Consequentialism

An action is judged to be morally right if the outcome or consequence of that action is good

Clearance

An administrative determination by a designated authority that an individual is eligible for access to classified information of a specific classification designation or less

Attack point

An easily recognizable feature positively identified on the map and on the ground, preferable 400 meters or less from your objective. The optimal attack point is a readily identifiable, man made feature.

Alcohol Abuse

Any use of alcohol that adversely affects individual performance, debilitated physical and mental health, interferes with financial responsibility, personal relationships, leads to the violation of civilian or military laws, or contributes to disorderly conduct

Positive Identification (PID)

Applied for some purposes of mission accomplishment, but not in cases of self-defense, i.e. Hostile act or hostile intent does not require PID

Types of bleeding

Arterial, Venous, Capillary

Special wounds

Avulsion - portions of tissue or muscle is torn loose or hanging; Crushing wounds - skeletal support is damaged; Amputations - expatriation of digits or limbs

Colors of a map

Black - man-made features Red-Brown / gray - cultural features, relief features, elevations Blue - hydrography Green - vegetation

Common spiders

Black widows, brown recluse; render basic life support, put a cold compress against the site, transport to a medical facility

Five stresses of combat

Boredom, Fog of war, Casualties, Discomfort and fatigue, Extreme risk and fear

Cold Weather Injury Prevention

C: keep it Clean O: avoid Overheating L: wear clothing Loosely and in Layers D: keep it Dry

Closed wounds

Caused by blunt object striking the body; contusions caused by blood leaking into the wound

Heat cramps

Caused by lack of electrolytes (salt); small sips of water, move to shaded area, massage cramps

Types of fractures

Closed (skin is not broken), Open (skin is broken)

Prevention of heat related injuries

Clothing, water, command attention

IFAK Inventory

Combat application tourniquet (CAT), Quick clot combat gauze, 'H' compression bandage, Compressed gauze, A1 minor first aid kit

Training/responsibility

Commander's responsible for developing and issuing ROE

Security Billets

Commanding Officer, Security Manager (Bn XO), Custodians (Classified Material Control Custodian (CMCC; S-1/Adjutant), Electronic Keying Material System Manager (SNCO), Unit Intelligence Officer (S-2), Individual Marines

Dealing with combat stress pre-deployment

Conduct unit training, Prepare for changed sleep schedules and jet lag, Attend to personal and family matters Conduct unit responsibilities

CasEvac

Conducted by combat aircraft or ground vehicles; does not provide medical support; is not protected as a medical platform

MedEvac

Conducted by medical aircraft or ground vehicles, does provide medical life saving support; is protected as a medical platform, marked with a red cross

Observe

Continued awareness of yourself, surroundings and the enemy

Local snakes

Copperhead, timber rattlesnake (infrequent), water moccasin (infrequent)

Snakes

Crotalidae (rattlesnakes, Pygmy rattlers, copperheads, water moccasins, cottonmouths) and Elapidae (coral snake)

Secondary assessment

DCAP-BTLS: deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures/penetrations, burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling

Risk Assessment Matrix

Degree of severity: Category I (loss of ability to accomplish the mission) - Category IV (little or no adverse impact) Degree of probability: Likely (A) - Unlikely (D)

Administrative Action (AA) Form

Designed to reduce the administrative workload and to standardize certain routine actions

Primary Assessment

Determine state of consciousness, send for help or report to higher, positioning the victim on their back, assess the basic life support ABCs

Resection

Determining YOUR LOCATION by sighting on one or more known terrain features

Rules of Engagement

Directives that delineate the circumstances under which US forces will initiate combat engagement with other forces encountered

Training/techniques

Discussion groups, scenario based training, pocket carts

Uncertainty

Doubt or error

Examples of fraternization

Drinking, playing cards/gambling, going to private homes or clubs together, dating, commercial transactions, favoritism

Substance Abuse Program Components

Education, Prevention, Identification, Rehabilitation, Discipline

Controlling external bleeding

Elevate the wound and apply direct pressure using a sterile dressing, place another one on top if soaked

TacEvac

Encompasses both CasEvac and MedEvac

Combat

Engaging the enemy with individual or crew served weapons; being exposed to direct or indirect enemy fire; and otherwise undergoing a high probability of direct contact with enemy personnel and firepower, to include the risk of capture

Marine Corps Policy on Equal Opportunity

To provide equal opportunity for all military members without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or national origin

Top Secret

Exceptionally grave damage

Necessity

Exists when a 'hostile act' occurs OR 'hostile intent (imminent)' is exhibited

Human Factors

External factors that influence decision-making, often without the preconceived realization it is happening

Collecting features

Features that you plan to cross encounter to your objective

Check for signs of circulation

Feel for a pulse for 5 to 10 seconds, clear the airway

Care Under Fire

Fire superiority is the best medicine on the battlefield, direct casualty to move to cover and apply self-aid, hemorrhage control is the top priority

Arterial Bleeding

Flow of bright red blood that pumps out in distinct spurts; severe bleeding could cause death in one or two minutes

Proportionality

Force used should be sufficient to respond decisively to the hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent and ensure the continued safety of US forces or other protected person or property

Frostbite

Freezing of flesh; move casualty to a heated area, remove constrictive clothing

Third-degree Burn

Full-thickness burns destroy the skin down to the subcutaneous fat; life threatening emergencies

TBI evaluation

H - Headaches or vomitting E - Ears ringing A - Amnesia or Altered consciousness D - Double vision or Dizziness S - Something feels wrong

Marine Corps Policy on Hazing

Hazing is prohibited

Snakebite symptoms

Hemotoxic (swelling, excruciating pain, puncture marks) Neurotoxic (irregular heartbeat, lack of muscular coordination, difficulty breathing, numbness)

Metal object limitations

High tension power lines - 55m Field gun, truck or tank - 18m Telephone wires or barbed wire - 10m Machine gun - 2m Service rifle - 0.5m

Landform types

Hill, finger, saddle, draw, depression, ridge

Confidential

Identifiable damage

Marginal information

Identification - indicates which area coverage the map represents Interpretation - provides correlation between actual terrain features and map topographic symbols Elevation - helps determine the validity of the information represented on the map

Legend

Illustrates and identifies the topographic symbols

Treatment of first and second degree burns

Immerse in cold water for two to five minutes, cover the burn with a moist sterile dressing, do not puncture blisters, do not apply creams or ointments

Types of contour lines

Index: heavy brown lines with elevations Intermediate: lighter brown lines Supplementary: broken light brown lines Depression: tick marks point down Cliff

Personal Information (PI)

Information about an individual that identifies him or her

Three methods of location position

Inspection, Intersection, Resection

Military Necessity

Justifies the employment of violence to reach a certain military objective

Experience

Knowledge gained through exposure to an event

Act

Leaders must turn decision to action in a time-competitive environment

Solutions to Sexual Harassment

Leadership, education, enforce standards of conduct, mandatory administrative requirements

First-degree Burn

Limited to the most superficial layer of the epidermis and result only in reddening

Memorandum

Provides an informal way to correspond

Types of directives

Marine Corps Order, Marine Corps Bulletin, NAVMC, ALMAR, MarAdmin, DOD Pay, SECNAVINSTs, OPNAVINSTs, Technical publications, Doctrinal publications, Combat orders, White letters

Inspection

Matching the surrounding terrain feature to the corresponding features on the map

Unclassified

Material which does not fall into one of the three categories

Communications Security (COMSEC)

Measures and controls taken to deny unauthorized persons information derived from telecommunications systems

Combatants

Members of the armed forces, regular militia, volunteer units, guerrilla units. Characteristics include: distinct uniform, open carriage of arms, acting under command, obeying the law of war

Principles of the Law of War

Military necessity, Proportionality, Avoid unnecessary suffering, Distinction

Trench Foot / Immersion Foot

Moisture trapped against the skin; keep the feet dry, change socks often, use foot powder

Virtue Ethics

Morality is determined by the identity or character of the individual

For Official Use Only (FOUO)

NOT a classification designator; information exempt from mandatory public release

Terrorists, insurgents, saboteurs, partisans

Not protected under the law of war unless the parties act as a protected combatant

Moral Compass

Prudence Justice Courage Temperance

Nine diagnostic signs

Pulse (60 to 100 BPM), Respiration (12 to 20 BPM), Blood pressure, Temperature, Skin color, Pupils, Level of consciousness, Ability to move, Reaction to pain

Classified Information

Official information which has been determined to require, in the interests of national security, protection against unauthorized disclosure and which has been so identified by the assignment of a security classification

Second-degree Burn

Partial-thickness burns cause damage into the dermas and result in blisters

Types of streams

Perennial, intermittent

Attributes of the Commander

Physical courage Military intellect Character

Tourniquet Application

Place 2-4 inches from wound, apply constricting band over a pad, knot and tighten, mark casualty's forehead with 'T' for time and date

Sucking chest wound

Place plastic wrapper over wound, apply dressing, place casualty on injured side, make the victim warm and evacuate, treat for tension pneumothorax (unplug the seal)

Purposes of ROE

Political - national policy is reflected in the field Military - parameters in an assigned mission Legal - restraints consistent with domestic and international law

Heat exhaustion

Pooling of blood in the capillaries; remove excessive clothing, sprinkle with water, treat for shock

Abdominal wounds

Position the casualty on his back with knees flexed up, expose the wound, place organs on top of the abdomen with a clean moist dressing, apply moist field dressing

Marine Corps Alcohol Abuse Program

Proactive phase (education, deterrent measures), Reactive phase (disciplinary measures, administrative measures, promotion, security clearances, treatment and rehabilitation)

R.A.C.E.

Recognize Ask Care Escort

Treatment of third degree burns or open blisters

Relieve any respiratory distress, cover the burned area with a dry sterile dressing, treat for shock, do not apply creams or ointments

Treatment of Burns

Remove casualty from the source, cover with any large non-synthetic material and roll him on the ground, flush with water, brush with a damp cloth

Distinction

Requires that combatants be distinguished from noncombatants and that military objectives be distinguished from protected places

Tick diseases

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease; carefully and slowly remove the tick, use disinfectants

Describing landforms

S shape O orientation S size E elevation S slope

Bee stings

Scrape off stinger, wash with soap and water, use ice

Detainees and Enemy prisoners of War (EPWs) rules

Search, silence, safeguard, segregate, speed, tag

Circumstances of deadly force

Self-defense and defense of others, Defense of property involving national security, Defense of property inherently dangerous to others, To prevent serious offenses against persons, Apprehension or arrest, Escapes, Lawful order

Secret

Serious damage

Military / Civilian Uniform Equivalents

Service C = Casual / Business Casual Service A / Dress B = Informal / Business Blue A = Formal

Factors affecting pace

Slope, winds, surface, elements, clothing and equipment, stamina, limited visibility/night

Capillary bleeding

Slow oozing of blood, usually from minor wounds

Categories of maps

Small scale (general planning, strategic studies, 1:1,000,000), Medium scale (operational planning, 1:75,000-1,000,000), Large scale (tactical, administrative, logistical planning, 1:75,000)

Chigger bites

Small welts on the skin, intense itching; wash the area with hot soapy water

Point/Position/Talking Paper

Staff action documents used to recommend an official position

Venous bleeding

Steady flow of dark red blood

Fracture

Sudden breaking of a bone or a break in a bone

Types of Heat Injuries

Sunburn, heat rash, fungus infections, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

Deadly Force

That force which a person uses with the purpose of causing or which is known to constitute likelihood of death or serious bodily harm

Direction

The line or course on which something is moving

Intersection

The location of an UNKNOWN POINT by sighting on the unknown point from one or more known positions

Moral reasoning

The manner in which an individual makes decisions based on the determination of what is right and wrong

Access

The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge of classified information or possession of classified materials

Chance

The absence of prediction, understanding or control

Espionage

The act of obtaining, delivering, transmitting, communicating, or receiving information about national defense with an intent, or reason to believe, that the information may be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation

Declination

The angular difference between two norths

Hypothermia

The constriction of the blood vessels of the skin, causing a decrease in the amount of heat transported by the blood to the skin; evacuate to a medical facility, remove all wet clothing, gradually warm the body

Feature-matching

The decision maker has personally experienced the elements of a given situation

Magnetic North

The direction to the north magnetic pole

Marine Corps Policy on Substance Abuse

The distribution, possession or use of illegal drugs is not tolerated

Security

The establishment of a protected environment for classified information or possession of classified materials

Risk

The expectation that the future holds the possibility of more than one result

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

The function of the brain is disrupted

Standard Letter

The military's version of a business letter

Series name

The name is that of a major political subdivision such as a state within the US

Proportionality

The nature, duration, and scope of the engagement must not exceed that which is required to decisively counter the hostile act or the demonstrated hostile intent. Reply with only as much force as needed to eliminate the enemy

Need to Know

The necessity for access to knowledge or possession of classified information in order to carry out official military or government duties

Law of War

The part of international law that governs the conduct of armed hostilities

Dead Reckoning

The process of following an established azimuth for a specific distance without regard to terrain

Risk Management

The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks

Terrain Association

The process of using terrain features to guide the navigator to the objective with little reliance on the compass

Operational Security (OPSEC)

The process to deny the enemy critical information

Reason by Analogy

The retrieval of stored information derived from a similar situation

Triage procedures

The sorting or allocation of casualties according to a system of priorites

Information

The sum of all the inputs

Open wounds

The surface of the skin has been broken; abrasion, laceration, incision, puncture wound

Analytical Decision Making

The time available allows for a detailed review of the situation

Sources of Burns

Thermal, Electrical, Chemical, Laser

Noncombatants

Those who accompany combatants but do not perform in that capacity including: correspondents, technical personnel, contractors, medical personnel, chaplains

Spies

Those who act under false pretenses. Spies are not protected under the law of war

Insects

Ticks, chiggers, bees

Risk Management Levels

Time critical, Deliberate, In-depth

Purpose of the Law of War

To prevent unnecessary suffering, Safeguard certain fundamental human rights of those involved in a conflict, Ultimately restore peace

Dealing with combat stress during deployment

Treat Marines showing battle fatigue using BICEPS (brevity, immediacy, centrality, expectancy, proximity, simplicity), Conduct through debriefs after every mission, Maintain high standards, Conduct physical training

Internal bleeding

Treat for shock, give nothing by mouth, evacuate

Drift factors

Unbalanced load, elements, movement around obstacles

Justification of deadly force

Under conditions of extreme necessity, as a last resort, when all lesser means have failed or cannot be reasonably employed

Types of slope

Uniform steep, Uniform gentle, Concave, Convex

Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, verbal/physical conduct of a sexual nature, complicity

Triage categories

Urgent, Priority, Routine

90 Degree Offset Rule

Used when not able to cross a sizable obstacle

TBI requirements

Vehicle rollover, within 50m of a blast, direct blow to the head or loss of consciousness, multiple exposures to blast events

Force Continuum

Verbal commands, Contact controls, Compliance techniques, Defensive tactics

Grid North

Vertical lines on a map

Dealing with combat stress post-deployment

Warrior transition, Counseling, Physical training, Small unit training, Chaplain/medical officer

Human and animal bites

Wash the wound with water and soap, cover the wound with a sterile dressing, immobilize the area with a splint, get the casualty to a medical facility

Avoid Unnecessary Suffering

We must ensure our decisions and actions minimize unnecessary suffering to the enemy as well as to any civilians and noncombatants involved, including property

De-escalate

When time and circumstances permit, warn and give opportunity to withdraw