TBS Phase I
Snakebite treatment
Calm the patient, locate the bite area, wrap soft rubber tubes above and below the fang marks, remove constrictive clothing, cool but do not freeze, immobilize extremity with a splint
Classified Material
A document or any media upon which classified information is recorded or embodied
Terrain Profile
An exaggerated side view of a portion of the earth's surface along a line between two points
Two methods of casualty reporting
9-line CasEvac / MedEvac request, Casualty report
Types of vegetation
Annual, permanent
Personally Identifiable Information (PII)
Any information or characteristics that may be used to distinguish or trace an individual's identity; FOUO
Equal Opportunity
A concept which requires that the objectives of fair and equal treatment to be applied to all management functions and leadership actions
Time
A constraint imposed by the mission or the enemy
Decision-making Variables
'The 70% solution'
Two Methods of Decision Making
- Analytical - Recognitional
Types of guard
- Exterior guard - Ship's detachment - Interior guard
Boyd Cycle
- Observe - Orient - Decide - Act
Purpose of the interior guard
- Preserve order - Protect property - Enforce regulations
Principles of Risk Management
- accept no unnecessary risk - accept risk when benefits outweigh cost - make risk decisions at the right level - anticipate and manage risk by planning
Compass techniques
- center hold - compass-to-cheek
Visual inspection of the lensatic compass
- cover glass is not broken, clouded, or cracked - compass dial does not stick and is free floating
Suicide prevention programs
- national suicide prevention hotline 1-800-SUICIDE - military OneSource - Leaders guide for managing marines in distress - Marine Corps Suicide prevention program
Situational Techniques
- orientation by inspection - orientation to grid and magnetic north
Decision-making Stimuli
- rational calculation - intuition/gut feeling - emotion
Steps to solving azimuth
1. Determine the GM angle 2. Determine the known azimuth 3. Solve for the unknown azimuth
Decide
A course of action
Risk assessment code (RAC)
1 - critical 2 - serious 3 - moderate 4- minor 5- negligible
Five Horizontal Themes of Officership
1. A man or woman of exemplary character 2. Devoted to leading Marines 24/7 3. Able to decide, communicate, and act in the fog of war 4. A warfighter who embraces the Corps' warrior ethos 5. Mentally strong and physically tough
Six Tactical Tenets
1. Achieving a decision 2. Gaining an advantage 3. Being faster 4. Adapting 5. Cooperating 6. Exploiting success and finishing
Normative ethical theory categories
1. Consequentialism 2. Deontology 3. Virtue ethics
Steps to terrain profiling
1. Construct a profile chart 2. Transfer the information on the map to the profile chart
Nine Rules of the Law of Armed Conflict
1. Fight only enemy combatants 2. Do not harm enemy combatants who surrender 3. Do not torture or kill enemy prisoners of war or detainees 4. Care for the wounded, whether friend or foe 5. Do not attack medical personnel, facilities, equipment, or chaplains 6. Destroy no more than the mission requires 7. Treat all civilians humanely 8. Do not steal; respect private property and possessions 9. Do the best to prevent violations of the law of war, and report all violations to higher
Check for breathing
1. Give two breaths 2. Look, listen, and feel
9-line
1. Grid coordinates of pick up site (8 digit) 2. Radio frequency/NET ID and call sign 3. Number of casualties by precedence 4. Special equipment requirement 5. Number of casualties by the type litter 6. Security at pick up site 7. Method of marking 8. Patient nationality and status 9. Causality information / CBRN
Five steps of risk management
1. Identify hazards 2. Assess hazards to determine risk 3. Develop controls and make risk decisions 4. Implement controls 5. Supervise and evaluate
Nine Principles of War
1. Mass 2. Offensive 3. Objective 4. Security 5. Economy of Force 6. Maneuver 7. Unity of Command 8. Surprise 9. Simplicity
Casualty Report (CasRep)
1. Name, grade, SSN, unit 2. Time of incident 3. Location of incident 4. Type of wound 5. Location of wound 6. Casualty status 7. Casualty evacuation required? 8. Activity in which casualty engaged
Three principles of self defense
1. Necessity 2. De-escalate 3. Proportionality
Four Basic Lifesaving Steps
1. Open the airway 2. Check for breathing 3. Check for signs of circulation 4. Treat for shock
Three functions of ROE
1. PROVIDE GUIDANCE from the President and Secretary of Defense to deployed units on the use of force for mission accomplishment and the exercise of the inherent right and obligation of unit self-defense 2. Act as a CONTROL MECHANISM for the transition from peacetime to combat operations 3. Provide a mechanism to FACILITATE PLANNING AND TRAINING. ROE provide a framework that encompasses national policy goals, mission requirements, and the rule of law
Open the airway
1. Place the hand nearest the victim's head on his or her forehead and apply firm backwards pressure with your palm to tilt the head backward 2. Place the fingers of your other hand under the bony part of his lower jaw at the chin and lift to bring the chin forward
Two types of risk
1. Tactical risk 2. Accident risk
Directive
A formal written communication that: - establishes or revises policy - delegates authority - assigns a mission - issues plan - directs courses of action - establishes a procedure - modifies another directive
Azimuth
A horizontal angle measured clockwise from a north base line
True North
A line to the North Pole
Sheet name
A map is generally named for the largest settlement contained within the area covered by the sheet, or for the largest natural feature located within the area
Orient
A mental image of the situation seen
Recognitional Decision Making
A model of how people make quick, effective decisions
Standard Subject Identification Code Block
A number that identifies the subject of a document, derived from SECNAV M-5210.2
Limiting/catching feature
A predetermined feature, preferably linear, beyond your objective
Intentional Offset
A process of intentionally offsetting the magnetic azimuth between 1 and 4 degrees to take advantage of a linear terrain feautre
Heat stroke
A serious malfunction of the body's heat regulatory mechanism; send for medical assistance, apply water or ice to entire body
Fraternization
A social or business relationship between Marines of different grades in violation of a custom of the naval service which impacts adversely on good order and discipline, or degrades the status of the position that a Marine holds
Casualty Assessment
A systematic process for assessment of the trauma casualty and is essential for recognizing life-threatening conditions, identifying injuries, and determining priorities of care based on findings
Hostile Force
Any civilian, paramilitary, or military force that has been declared hostile by appropriate US AUTHORITY
Hazing
Any conduct whereby one military member causes another to suffer or be exposed to an activity which is cruel, abusive, humiliating, or oppressive
Deontology
An action is judged to be morally right if it is in accordance with one's duty
Consequentialism
An action is judged to be morally right if the outcome or consequence of that action is good
Clearance
An administrative determination by a designated authority that an individual is eligible for access to classified information of a specific classification designation or less
Attack point
An easily recognizable feature positively identified on the map and on the ground, preferable 400 meters or less from your objective. The optimal attack point is a readily identifiable, man made feature.
Alcohol Abuse
Any use of alcohol that adversely affects individual performance, debilitated physical and mental health, interferes with financial responsibility, personal relationships, leads to the violation of civilian or military laws, or contributes to disorderly conduct
Positive Identification (PID)
Applied for some purposes of mission accomplishment, but not in cases of self-defense, i.e. Hostile act or hostile intent does not require PID
Types of bleeding
Arterial, Venous, Capillary
Special wounds
Avulsion - portions of tissue or muscle is torn loose or hanging; Crushing wounds - skeletal support is damaged; Amputations - expatriation of digits or limbs
Colors of a map
Black - man-made features Red-Brown / gray - cultural features, relief features, elevations Blue - hydrography Green - vegetation
Common spiders
Black widows, brown recluse; render basic life support, put a cold compress against the site, transport to a medical facility
Five stresses of combat
Boredom, Fog of war, Casualties, Discomfort and fatigue, Extreme risk and fear
Cold Weather Injury Prevention
C: keep it Clean O: avoid Overheating L: wear clothing Loosely and in Layers D: keep it Dry
Closed wounds
Caused by blunt object striking the body; contusions caused by blood leaking into the wound
Heat cramps
Caused by lack of electrolytes (salt); small sips of water, move to shaded area, massage cramps
Types of fractures
Closed (skin is not broken), Open (skin is broken)
Prevention of heat related injuries
Clothing, water, command attention
IFAK Inventory
Combat application tourniquet (CAT), Quick clot combat gauze, 'H' compression bandage, Compressed gauze, A1 minor first aid kit
Training/responsibility
Commander's responsible for developing and issuing ROE
Security Billets
Commanding Officer, Security Manager (Bn XO), Custodians (Classified Material Control Custodian (CMCC; S-1/Adjutant), Electronic Keying Material System Manager (SNCO), Unit Intelligence Officer (S-2), Individual Marines
Dealing with combat stress pre-deployment
Conduct unit training, Prepare for changed sleep schedules and jet lag, Attend to personal and family matters Conduct unit responsibilities
CasEvac
Conducted by combat aircraft or ground vehicles; does not provide medical support; is not protected as a medical platform
MedEvac
Conducted by medical aircraft or ground vehicles, does provide medical life saving support; is protected as a medical platform, marked with a red cross
Observe
Continued awareness of yourself, surroundings and the enemy
Local snakes
Copperhead, timber rattlesnake (infrequent), water moccasin (infrequent)
Snakes
Crotalidae (rattlesnakes, Pygmy rattlers, copperheads, water moccasins, cottonmouths) and Elapidae (coral snake)
Secondary assessment
DCAP-BTLS: deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures/penetrations, burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling
Risk Assessment Matrix
Degree of severity: Category I (loss of ability to accomplish the mission) - Category IV (little or no adverse impact) Degree of probability: Likely (A) - Unlikely (D)
Administrative Action (AA) Form
Designed to reduce the administrative workload and to standardize certain routine actions
Primary Assessment
Determine state of consciousness, send for help or report to higher, positioning the victim on their back, assess the basic life support ABCs
Resection
Determining YOUR LOCATION by sighting on one or more known terrain features
Rules of Engagement
Directives that delineate the circumstances under which US forces will initiate combat engagement with other forces encountered
Training/techniques
Discussion groups, scenario based training, pocket carts
Uncertainty
Doubt or error
Examples of fraternization
Drinking, playing cards/gambling, going to private homes or clubs together, dating, commercial transactions, favoritism
Substance Abuse Program Components
Education, Prevention, Identification, Rehabilitation, Discipline
Controlling external bleeding
Elevate the wound and apply direct pressure using a sterile dressing, place another one on top if soaked
TacEvac
Encompasses both CasEvac and MedEvac
Combat
Engaging the enemy with individual or crew served weapons; being exposed to direct or indirect enemy fire; and otherwise undergoing a high probability of direct contact with enemy personnel and firepower, to include the risk of capture
Marine Corps Policy on Equal Opportunity
To provide equal opportunity for all military members without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or national origin
Top Secret
Exceptionally grave damage
Necessity
Exists when a 'hostile act' occurs OR 'hostile intent (imminent)' is exhibited
Human Factors
External factors that influence decision-making, often without the preconceived realization it is happening
Collecting features
Features that you plan to cross encounter to your objective
Check for signs of circulation
Feel for a pulse for 5 to 10 seconds, clear the airway
Care Under Fire
Fire superiority is the best medicine on the battlefield, direct casualty to move to cover and apply self-aid, hemorrhage control is the top priority
Arterial Bleeding
Flow of bright red blood that pumps out in distinct spurts; severe bleeding could cause death in one or two minutes
Proportionality
Force used should be sufficient to respond decisively to the hostile act or demonstrated hostile intent and ensure the continued safety of US forces or other protected person or property
Frostbite
Freezing of flesh; move casualty to a heated area, remove constrictive clothing
Third-degree Burn
Full-thickness burns destroy the skin down to the subcutaneous fat; life threatening emergencies
TBI evaluation
H - Headaches or vomitting E - Ears ringing A - Amnesia or Altered consciousness D - Double vision or Dizziness S - Something feels wrong
Marine Corps Policy on Hazing
Hazing is prohibited
Snakebite symptoms
Hemotoxic (swelling, excruciating pain, puncture marks) Neurotoxic (irregular heartbeat, lack of muscular coordination, difficulty breathing, numbness)
Metal object limitations
High tension power lines - 55m Field gun, truck or tank - 18m Telephone wires or barbed wire - 10m Machine gun - 2m Service rifle - 0.5m
Landform types
Hill, finger, saddle, draw, depression, ridge
Confidential
Identifiable damage
Marginal information
Identification - indicates which area coverage the map represents Interpretation - provides correlation between actual terrain features and map topographic symbols Elevation - helps determine the validity of the information represented on the map
Legend
Illustrates and identifies the topographic symbols
Treatment of first and second degree burns
Immerse in cold water for two to five minutes, cover the burn with a moist sterile dressing, do not puncture blisters, do not apply creams or ointments
Types of contour lines
Index: heavy brown lines with elevations Intermediate: lighter brown lines Supplementary: broken light brown lines Depression: tick marks point down Cliff
Personal Information (PI)
Information about an individual that identifies him or her
Three methods of location position
Inspection, Intersection, Resection
Military Necessity
Justifies the employment of violence to reach a certain military objective
Experience
Knowledge gained through exposure to an event
Act
Leaders must turn decision to action in a time-competitive environment
Solutions to Sexual Harassment
Leadership, education, enforce standards of conduct, mandatory administrative requirements
First-degree Burn
Limited to the most superficial layer of the epidermis and result only in reddening
Memorandum
Provides an informal way to correspond
Types of directives
Marine Corps Order, Marine Corps Bulletin, NAVMC, ALMAR, MarAdmin, DOD Pay, SECNAVINSTs, OPNAVINSTs, Technical publications, Doctrinal publications, Combat orders, White letters
Inspection
Matching the surrounding terrain feature to the corresponding features on the map
Unclassified
Material which does not fall into one of the three categories
Communications Security (COMSEC)
Measures and controls taken to deny unauthorized persons information derived from telecommunications systems
Combatants
Members of the armed forces, regular militia, volunteer units, guerrilla units. Characteristics include: distinct uniform, open carriage of arms, acting under command, obeying the law of war
Principles of the Law of War
Military necessity, Proportionality, Avoid unnecessary suffering, Distinction
Trench Foot / Immersion Foot
Moisture trapped against the skin; keep the feet dry, change socks often, use foot powder
Virtue Ethics
Morality is determined by the identity or character of the individual
For Official Use Only (FOUO)
NOT a classification designator; information exempt from mandatory public release
Terrorists, insurgents, saboteurs, partisans
Not protected under the law of war unless the parties act as a protected combatant
Moral Compass
Prudence Justice Courage Temperance
Nine diagnostic signs
Pulse (60 to 100 BPM), Respiration (12 to 20 BPM), Blood pressure, Temperature, Skin color, Pupils, Level of consciousness, Ability to move, Reaction to pain
Classified Information
Official information which has been determined to require, in the interests of national security, protection against unauthorized disclosure and which has been so identified by the assignment of a security classification
Second-degree Burn
Partial-thickness burns cause damage into the dermas and result in blisters
Types of streams
Perennial, intermittent
Attributes of the Commander
Physical courage Military intellect Character
Tourniquet Application
Place 2-4 inches from wound, apply constricting band over a pad, knot and tighten, mark casualty's forehead with 'T' for time and date
Sucking chest wound
Place plastic wrapper over wound, apply dressing, place casualty on injured side, make the victim warm and evacuate, treat for tension pneumothorax (unplug the seal)
Purposes of ROE
Political - national policy is reflected in the field Military - parameters in an assigned mission Legal - restraints consistent with domestic and international law
Heat exhaustion
Pooling of blood in the capillaries; remove excessive clothing, sprinkle with water, treat for shock
Abdominal wounds
Position the casualty on his back with knees flexed up, expose the wound, place organs on top of the abdomen with a clean moist dressing, apply moist field dressing
Marine Corps Alcohol Abuse Program
Proactive phase (education, deterrent measures), Reactive phase (disciplinary measures, administrative measures, promotion, security clearances, treatment and rehabilitation)
R.A.C.E.
Recognize Ask Care Escort
Treatment of third degree burns or open blisters
Relieve any respiratory distress, cover the burned area with a dry sterile dressing, treat for shock, do not apply creams or ointments
Treatment of Burns
Remove casualty from the source, cover with any large non-synthetic material and roll him on the ground, flush with water, brush with a damp cloth
Distinction
Requires that combatants be distinguished from noncombatants and that military objectives be distinguished from protected places
Tick diseases
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease; carefully and slowly remove the tick, use disinfectants
Describing landforms
S shape O orientation S size E elevation S slope
Bee stings
Scrape off stinger, wash with soap and water, use ice
Detainees and Enemy prisoners of War (EPWs) rules
Search, silence, safeguard, segregate, speed, tag
Circumstances of deadly force
Self-defense and defense of others, Defense of property involving national security, Defense of property inherently dangerous to others, To prevent serious offenses against persons, Apprehension or arrest, Escapes, Lawful order
Secret
Serious damage
Military / Civilian Uniform Equivalents
Service C = Casual / Business Casual Service A / Dress B = Informal / Business Blue A = Formal
Factors affecting pace
Slope, winds, surface, elements, clothing and equipment, stamina, limited visibility/night
Capillary bleeding
Slow oozing of blood, usually from minor wounds
Categories of maps
Small scale (general planning, strategic studies, 1:1,000,000), Medium scale (operational planning, 1:75,000-1,000,000), Large scale (tactical, administrative, logistical planning, 1:75,000)
Chigger bites
Small welts on the skin, intense itching; wash the area with hot soapy water
Point/Position/Talking Paper
Staff action documents used to recommend an official position
Venous bleeding
Steady flow of dark red blood
Fracture
Sudden breaking of a bone or a break in a bone
Types of Heat Injuries
Sunburn, heat rash, fungus infections, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
Deadly Force
That force which a person uses with the purpose of causing or which is known to constitute likelihood of death or serious bodily harm
Direction
The line or course on which something is moving
Intersection
The location of an UNKNOWN POINT by sighting on the unknown point from one or more known positions
Moral reasoning
The manner in which an individual makes decisions based on the determination of what is right and wrong
Access
The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge of classified information or possession of classified materials
Chance
The absence of prediction, understanding or control
Espionage
The act of obtaining, delivering, transmitting, communicating, or receiving information about national defense with an intent, or reason to believe, that the information may be used to the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation
Declination
The angular difference between two norths
Hypothermia
The constriction of the blood vessels of the skin, causing a decrease in the amount of heat transported by the blood to the skin; evacuate to a medical facility, remove all wet clothing, gradually warm the body
Feature-matching
The decision maker has personally experienced the elements of a given situation
Magnetic North
The direction to the north magnetic pole
Marine Corps Policy on Substance Abuse
The distribution, possession or use of illegal drugs is not tolerated
Security
The establishment of a protected environment for classified information or possession of classified materials
Risk
The expectation that the future holds the possibility of more than one result
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
The function of the brain is disrupted
Standard Letter
The military's version of a business letter
Series name
The name is that of a major political subdivision such as a state within the US
Proportionality
The nature, duration, and scope of the engagement must not exceed that which is required to decisively counter the hostile act or the demonstrated hostile intent. Reply with only as much force as needed to eliminate the enemy
Need to Know
The necessity for access to knowledge or possession of classified information in order to carry out official military or government duties
Law of War
The part of international law that governs the conduct of armed hostilities
Dead Reckoning
The process of following an established azimuth for a specific distance without regard to terrain
Risk Management
The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks
Terrain Association
The process of using terrain features to guide the navigator to the objective with little reliance on the compass
Operational Security (OPSEC)
The process to deny the enemy critical information
Reason by Analogy
The retrieval of stored information derived from a similar situation
Triage procedures
The sorting or allocation of casualties according to a system of priorites
Information
The sum of all the inputs
Open wounds
The surface of the skin has been broken; abrasion, laceration, incision, puncture wound
Analytical Decision Making
The time available allows for a detailed review of the situation
Sources of Burns
Thermal, Electrical, Chemical, Laser
Noncombatants
Those who accompany combatants but do not perform in that capacity including: correspondents, technical personnel, contractors, medical personnel, chaplains
Spies
Those who act under false pretenses. Spies are not protected under the law of war
Insects
Ticks, chiggers, bees
Risk Management Levels
Time critical, Deliberate, In-depth
Purpose of the Law of War
To prevent unnecessary suffering, Safeguard certain fundamental human rights of those involved in a conflict, Ultimately restore peace
Dealing with combat stress during deployment
Treat Marines showing battle fatigue using BICEPS (brevity, immediacy, centrality, expectancy, proximity, simplicity), Conduct through debriefs after every mission, Maintain high standards, Conduct physical training
Internal bleeding
Treat for shock, give nothing by mouth, evacuate
Drift factors
Unbalanced load, elements, movement around obstacles
Justification of deadly force
Under conditions of extreme necessity, as a last resort, when all lesser means have failed or cannot be reasonably employed
Types of slope
Uniform steep, Uniform gentle, Concave, Convex
Sexual Harassment
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, verbal/physical conduct of a sexual nature, complicity
Triage categories
Urgent, Priority, Routine
90 Degree Offset Rule
Used when not able to cross a sizable obstacle
TBI requirements
Vehicle rollover, within 50m of a blast, direct blow to the head or loss of consciousness, multiple exposures to blast events
Force Continuum
Verbal commands, Contact controls, Compliance techniques, Defensive tactics
Grid North
Vertical lines on a map
Dealing with combat stress post-deployment
Warrior transition, Counseling, Physical training, Small unit training, Chaplain/medical officer
Human and animal bites
Wash the wound with water and soap, cover the wound with a sterile dressing, immobilize the area with a splint, get the casualty to a medical facility
Avoid Unnecessary Suffering
We must ensure our decisions and actions minimize unnecessary suffering to the enemy as well as to any civilians and noncombatants involved, including property
De-escalate
When time and circumstances permit, warn and give opportunity to withdraw