TEAS Test A Science

Ca + H2SO4. Which of the following statements correctly describes the product of the reaction above? A. Calcium sulfate B. Hydrogen sulfide C. Calcium sulfide D. Hydrogen sulfate

A. Calcium sulfate -calcium and sulfuric acid react to produce calcium sulfate and hydrogen gas -hydrogen sulfide is produced by iron sulfide reacting with hydrochloric acid -calcium sulfate can be reduced to calcium sulfide using carbon -hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate ion) is the conjugate base of sulfuric acid

Which of the following observations refutes the hypothesis that characteristics acquired during the parents' lifetime are inherited by offspring? A. Changes in neck length in giraffe populations are due to genetic mutations. B. Finches that live on different sources of food become unable to mate with one another after many generations. C. Peppered moths turn from gay to white or black depending on the color of the tree bark on which they live. D. Primates that have been taught sign language pass that ability to their offspring.

A. Changes in neck length in giraffe populations are due to genetic mutations. -the neck length of giraffes was once thought to be an acquired characteristic (due to stretching to reach food) that was passed on to offspring. further study determined that mutations in DNA actually caused the increase in neck length, which was preferentially passed on to offspring through selection

Which of the following organs is the site of blood filtration? A. Kidney B. Heart C. Lung D. Brain

A. Kidney -the kidneys filter blood -the heart pumps blood -the lungs oxygenate blood -some drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier, but it does not actually filter the blood

Which of the following connects two bones together? A. Ligament B. Tendon C. Marrow D. Muscle

A. Ligament -tendons connect muscle to bones -marrow is inside the bone and does not connect to other bones -muscle is not typically a connective tissue

The bands in muscle sarcomere are formed by actin and which of the following other proteins? A. Myosin B. Dynein C. Keratin D. Leminin

A. Myosin -myosin contains "heads" that contact actin and pull the actin fibres together in an ATP-dependent mechanism that causes muscles to contract -dyenin is an ATP-dependent molecule that "walks" along microtubules, causing them to move, but it is not part of the sarcomere -keratin is the fibrous protein of hair and nails and is not part of the sarcomere -leminin is a protein of the nuclear envelope and is not part of the sarcomere

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback? A. Oxytocin causes an increase in uterine muscle contractions, ultimately causing the posterior pituitary to release more oxytocin. B. An increase in blood glucose causes the release of insulin, which results in the lowering of glucose levels in the blood and halting the release of insulin. C. A drop in body temperature causes the hypothalamus to activate warming mechanisms, which results in the increase of body temperature. D. An increase in blood osmolarity causes the release of ADH, which causes urine to become more concentrated and osmolarity to decrease.

A. Oxytocin causes an increase in uterine muscle contractions, ultimately causing the posterior pituitary to release more oxytocin. -when a response reinforces a stimulus, causing an even greater response, positive feedback is occuring

Which of the following terms describes a sample compound of particles condensed into a small space and having vibrational, but not translational motion? A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. Plasma

A. Solid -solids have little space between particles, and the particles vibrate within a fixed lattice structure -liquid particles move about in a fluid manner due to transitional motion -gas particles are widely separated by empty space and move about randomly due to translational motion -atoms in a plasma state move so rapidly that their electrons separate from the rest of the atom; it is as fluid as a gas

A defining characteristic of a scientific hypothesis is that it is: A. testable B. unexpected C. correct D. predictable

A. testable -a testable and falsifiable hypothesis is the hallmark of scientific investigation. experiments can only be used to accept or discard hypotheses

Demyelinization results in which of the following? A. Inhibited detection of a stimulus at the dendrites of a nerve cell B. Disrupted propagation of an action potential along the axon of a nerve cell C. Inhibited uptake of neurotransmitters at the synapse of a nerve cell D. Disrupted ability of the Na+/K+ pumps to depolarize a cell

B. Disrupted propagation of an action potential along the axon of a nerve cell -the myelin sheath, which is a lipid-based structure, insulates the axon, allowing rapid electrical conduction of the action potential down the axon. deterioration of the myelin sheath disrupts this process -the myelin sheath does not directly affect the reception of a stimulus at the dendrites -the myelin sheath covers the axon and does not function in the reabsorption of neurotransmitters -Na+/K+ pimp still function even if the myelin sheath has deteriorated

Which of the following arteries directly supplies oxygenated blood to the reproductive system? A. Common carotid artery B. Gonadal artery C. Femoral artery D. Subclavian artery

B. Gonadal artery -the gonadal artery is the primary artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the gonads and male reproductive system. males is testicular artery and females is ovarian artery -the common carotid artery supplies oxygenated blood to the head -the femoral artery supplies oxygenated blood to the lower limbs -the subclavian artery supplies oxygenated blood to the upper limbs

Which of the following is characteristic of the human organism? A. Autotrophic with a genome stored in DNA B. Heterotrophic with a genome stored in DNA C. Autotrophic with a genome stored in RNA D. Heterotrophic with a genome stored in RNA

B. Heterotrophic with a genome stored in DNA -humans consume rather than manufacture nutrient molecules (heterotrophic), and human genes are encoded in DNA

Type I diabetes is a disease associated with which of the following hormones? A. Estrogen B. Insulin C. Testosterone D. Thyroxine

B. Insulin -Type I diabetes is a disease that is caused by the absence of insulin -estrogen production is affected by diseases that harm the uterus and ovaries -testosterone production is affected by diseases that harm the testes -thryoxine production is associated with goiters and diseases that affect the thyroid gland

Which of the following cell types provides a waterproofing function for the outer layers of skin? A. Melanocytes B. Keratinocytes C. Merkel cells D. Langerhans cells

B. Keratinocytes -*keratinocytes* contain the protein keratin. they are produced in the epidermis and migrate upwards. the tight junctions between cells prevent water entry. they eventually form a layer of dead cells on the skin surface, which produces a waterproofing effect -*melanocytes* are pigment cells found in lowest layer of epidermis of skin, the basal layer. they produce melanin, a pigment that absorbs UV light. they do not provide a waterproofing function for skin -*Merkel cells* are integumentary cells that work as mechanoreceptors and sense touch and pressure. they do not provide a waterproofing function for skin -*Langerhans cells* are dendritic cells of the immune system and are found in the lower layers of the epidermis. they immunologically process material that enters through the skin. they do not provide a waterproofing function for the skin

Which of the following structures within a human cell is responsible for recycling the materials no longer functional or needed within the cell? A. Ribosome B. Lyosome C. Mitochondrion D. Nucleolus

B. Lysosome -lysosomes are specialized vacuoles containing digestive enzymes -the ribosome is not involved in recycling materials that are no longer functional or needed -mitochondria function in cellular respiration, facilitating the production of ATP -the nucleolus functions in the assembly of ribosomes

Which of the following are sesamoid bones? A. Phalanges B. Patallae C. Scapulae D. Metatarsals

B. Patallae -phalanges are long bones -scapulae are flat bones -metatarsals are long bones

Which of the following classes of biomolecules can influence the rate of specific chemical reaction within the living cell? A. Nucleic acids B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Carbohydrates

B. Proteins -some proteins fold into shapes that allow them to function as biochemical catalysts or enzymes within a cell -nucleic acids contain genetic information for the synthesis of proteins -lipids, which repel water, function in cellular membranes and in storage of excess energy -carbohydrates are "sugar and starch" molecules that function in energy input and storage as well as some structure capacities

Kidneys remove which of the following from the blood? A. Platelets B. Salts C. Oxygen D. Fat

B. Salts -platelets are removed by the spleen and liver -oxygen is used in every cell in the body, not filtered by the kidneys -fats in the blood is taken up by cells or metabolized in the liver

In which of the following areas does protein breakdown begin in the human body? A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

B. Stomach -the stomach is the first place in the digestive system in which proteinases are produced -carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth, but protein breakdown does not -protein breakdown continues in the small intestine, but it does not start here -protein is generally digested by the time it enters the large intestine

Which of the following chemical compounds prevents the lungs from collapsing? A. Mucin B. Surfactant C. Enzymes D. Buffers

B. Surfactant -surfactants are lipopolysaccharides that have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic layer. they keep the lungs inflated -mucin is a type of mucus produced by lung cells that absorb water -enzymes are a catalytic protein and do not prevent the lungs from collapsing

In which part of the body to T-cells mature? A. Bone marrow B. Thymus C. Adrenal glands D. Thyroid

B. Thymus -T-cells are produced in the bone marrow, but they are not matured there. B-cells are matured in the bone marrow -adrenal glands produce several hormones, but they do not produce parts of the immune system -the thyroid produces the thyroid hormone

Which of the following connects the kidneys to the bladder? A. Capillaries B. Ureters C. Urethras D. Arteries

B. Ureters -capillaries connect veins to arteries -urethras connect the bladder to the outside of the body -arteries carry blood away from the heart

The use of an electron microscope would most benefit the study of: A. the structure of atoms B. the structure of cellular organelles C. the structure of skeletal joints D. chemical bonds in molecules

B. the structure of cellular organelles -electron microscopy has significantly improved the ability to see and understand the workings of these organelles because electron wavelengths are short enough to resolve the structure of organelles, which are around 100x larger than the wavelength of an electron -the structure of skeletal joints can be effectively examined using an X-ray machine

An atom has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons. Which of the following is the atom's mass number? A. 3 B. 6 C. 7 D. 10

C. 7 -the mass of an atom is the sum of protons and neutrons in its nucleus -3 is the atomic number, not atomic mass

Which of the following is classified as a flat bone? A. Tarsal B. Vertebrae C. Rib D. Humerus

C. Rib -the tarsal is a short bone -the vertebrae are irregular bones -the humerus is a long bone

Which of the following glands primarily supplies hair shafts and skin with oily secretions? A. Eccrine gland B. Apocrine gland C. Sebaceous gland D. Ceruminous gland

C. Sebaceous gland -sebaceous glands produce sebum, which supplies hair shafts and skin with oily secretions -eccrine, or merocrine, glands are distributed across the surface of the skin and produce a dilute, salty sweat. -apocrine glands are usually found in groin and armpits and produce sweat and scent -ceruminous glands produce a waxy secretion in the ear canals. although they produce sebum, they do not primarily supply hair shafts and external skin with oily secretions

Which of the following is the correct structure and function of the cell membrane? A. A double glycoprotein structure with embedded lipid bodies provides shape and rigidity to the cytoplasm. B. A double layer of phosphate proteins with lipid channels allows molecules to pass from the inside to the outside of cells. C. Nonpolar phosphate heads and polar lipid tails form a bilayer to control the transport of proteins. D. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins regulates molecules entering and leaving cytoplasm.

D. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins regulates molecules entering and leaving cytoplasm.

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the production of soluble antibodies? A. Cytotoxic T cell B. Macrophage cell D. Helper T-cell D. B-cell

D. B-cell -the production of antibodies by B-cells is part of the humoral response to antigens -cytotoxic T-cells destroy pathogens and infected cells -macrophages ingest and digest both non-self cells and dead cells -helper T-cells help cytotoxic T-cells and other immune cells

Which of the following organ systems is responsible for transporting nutrients, wastes, and other substances throughout the human body? A. Respiratory B. Immune C. Nervous D. Circulatory

D. Circulatory -the heart pumping blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins provides the means of transporting substances throughout the body -the respiratory system exchanges gases with the outside environment, bringing oxygen in and letting carbon dioxide out -the immune system protects the body from pathogens (infectious agents) using a combination of white blood cells and antibodies -the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, controls the actions of other body systems

Which of these structures diverts food into the esophagus, and prevents it from entering the lungs? A. Uvula B. Soft palate C. Tonsils D. Epiglottis

D. Epiglottis -the epiglottis shuts off the tracheal opening, diverting food into the esophagus -the uvula is found in the back of the throat and prevents food entry into the nasal passages -the soft palate is found in the back of the buccal cavity. it helps in swallowing and prevents food entry into the nasal passages -the tonsils are made of lymphatic tissue that does not typically interfere with food movement

Which of the following is the function of the lymph nodes in mammals? A. Pump oxygen into tissue spaces B. Store extra glucose for emergencies C. Synthesize hemoglobin for erythrocytes D. Filter debris from intracellular spaces

D. Filter debris from intracellular spaces -lymph nodes filter debris, lymphocytes, and pathogens from intracellular fluid -oxygen diffuses into tissues from capillaries of the circulatory system -glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles of mammals -hemoglobin is synthesized in the red blood cells

The shape of villi and microvilli facilitates which of the following? A. Pushing food along the intestine via ciliary motion of villi B. Creating barriers to food movement to increase digestion time C. Decreasing surface area for absorption D. Increasing surface area for absorption

D. Increasing surface area for absorption -the folds increase the surface area, allowing more nutrients to be absorbed and delivered to the blood stream -movement of food is aided by smooth muscle contractions, not by villi projections or impeded by

The nephridium in worms has a function most similar to which of the following organs in humans? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Lymph nodes D. Kidney

D. Kidney -nephridia in segmented worms operate similarly to the nephron of the kidneys. nephrons in the kidneys contain a collecting tubule that aids in urine production -liver cells make bile and help regulate blood sugar levels -the spleen functions to remove old, fragmented red blood cells and pathogens from the blood -the lymph nodes filter out pathogens from interstitial fluid (lymph)

A person is suddenly frightened. Which of the following reactions occurs next? A. Liver cells absorb glucose from the blood stream. B. Blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles constrict. C. Blood vessels supplying the intestines dilate D. Liver cells release glucose into the blood stream

D. Liver cells release glucose into the blood stream -epinephrine causes liver cells to break down glycogen, which causes an increase in sugar in the blood stream -epinephrine causes blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles to dilate, which increases blood flow to muscle cells -epinephrine causes blood vessels supplying the intestines to constrict, restricting blood flow to the organs of the digestive system

Unlike skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle is highly resistant to lactate-mediated fatigue because cardiac muscle A. uses aerobic respiration in mitochondria for energy B. operates with electrical energy supplied by the sinoatrial (SA) node C. primarily metabolizes using the fermentation pathway D. does not need oxygen for the production of energy

A. uses aerobic respiration in mitochondria for energy -aerobic respiration (oxidative respiration) is almost exclusively used by the heart. the byproducts of this type of respiration are water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), not lactate -the sinoatrial (SA) node, also known as the pacemaker, produces electrical impulses for heart contraction -the lactose-producing fermentation pathway operates during oxygen deprivation in the skeletal muscles -the heart is highly sensitive to oxygen deprivation, and requires a steady oxygen supply for adenosine triphosphate (ATB) production by oxidative phosphorylation during aerobic respiration

In Mendelian inheritance, the dominant allele is for tall plants and the recessive allele is for short plans. Which of the following statements is correct in terms of phenotype and genotype? A. Tt is a phenotype that gives 50% short and 50% tall genotype B. TT and Tt are both genotypes for the homozygous recessive phenotype C. TT is the dominant phenotype, and tall plants is the resulting genotype. D. TT and Tt are both genotypes for the tall plant phenotype.

D. TT and Tt are both genotypes for the tall plant phenotype. -the T allele is dominant and encodes the tall plant phenotype, and it requires only one dominant allele to expresses the dominant trait

Which of the following glands is the primary producer of insulin? A. Thyroid B. Adrenal C. Pituitary D. Pancreas

D. Pancreas -the pancreas produces insulin -the thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone -the adrenal glands produce cortisol and stress hormones -the pituitary gland secretes hormones that control other glands

A pregnant woman who is a chain smoker has just been diagnosed with lung cancer. Her biggest concern is if she has passed on the lung cancer to her child. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this situation? A. Children do not use their lungs until they are born, so the cancer cannot pass to the child before birth. B. The cancer could pass from mother to fetus through blood, but anticancer medications can prevent the child from developing cancer. C. If the pregnant mother undergoes treatment for lung cancer, both she and the child can be cured. D. The cancer will not be transmitted to the child.

D. The cancer will not be transmitted to the child -only germine mutations are transmitted so the lung cancer, a somatic mutation, will not be passed to the child

Which of the following options represents the chromosomal composition of a normal human zygote? A. 23 chromosomes B. 46 chromosomes C. 69 chromosomes D. 92 chromosomes

B. 46 chromosomes -the fusion of a sperm with 23 chromosomes and an egg with 23 chromosomes would result in a zygote with 46 chromosomes -the unfertilized egg and sperm each contain 23 chromosomes. 23 is the haploid chromosome number -69 chromosomes represent the fusion of a diploid human cell with a haploid human cell -92 chromosomes represent the fusion of two diploid human cells

Which of the following substances will dissolve in water? A. CH4 B. CCl4 C. CH3OH D. C8H18

C. CH3OH -CH3OH is a polar molecule because oxygen is highly electronegative and draws electrons towards itself. because water molecules are polar, water acts as a solvent for polar molecules -CH4 is nonpolar -CCl is nonpolar -octane is nonpolar

Which of the following produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy? A. Endometrium B. Cervix C. Corpus luteum D. Fallopian tubes

C. Corpus luteum -the corpus luteum refers to the remnant of the graafian foillicle. it secretes progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy -the endometrium is the highly vasculated tissue of the uterine lining -the cervix is the external opening of the uterus -the fallopian tube carries the egg from the ovary to the uterus

Stores of subcutaneous fat can be found in which of the following layers of the skin in the human body? A. Epidermis B. Dermis C. Hypodermis D. Dermal papillae

C. Hypodermis -the hypodermis contains stores of subcutaneous fat as well as deeper blood vessels -the epidermis contains living and dead keratinocytes, melanocytes, as well as dendritic and tactile cells -the dermis is a layer of skin that contains blood capillaries, hair shafts, nail roots, and sweat glands -dermal papillae are wavy projections of the dermis into the epidermis that lock the two layers together

In a population that is growing, which of the following must be true? A. Immigrants + Births = Deaths + Emmigrants B. Emmigrants + Deaths > Immigrants + Births C. Immigrants + Births > Emmigrants + Deaths D. Emmigrants + Immigrants = Births + Deaths

C. Immigrants + Births > Emmigrants + Deaths

Which of these terms related to the respiratory system refers to the "voice box" for sound production? A. Pharynx B. Trachea C. Larynx D. Uvula

C. Larynx -the larynx is a cartilaginous structure containing the vocal chords, which is used to generate sound -the pharynx is the muscular region at the intersection of the respiratory and digestive systems, not the voice box -the trachea is the large tube containing cartilaginous rings through which air passes into and out of the lungs -the uvula is a fleshy extension of the back of the soft palate, hanging above the throat, it does not function in the production of sound

In a well-controlled experiment, researchers show that a common topical antibiotic called chloramphenicol halts a deadly fungal growth on the skin of amphibians. Which of the following is the best inference for how the antibiotic works to limit a fungal disease? A. The antibiotic causes a mutation in the skin tissue that makes it resistant to the fungus. B. The antibiotic acts as a physical barrier that interferes with fungal growth. C. The antibiotic kills a bacterial partner that is essential in the fungal infection. D. The antibiotic activates white blood cell production in amphibians.

C. The antibiotic kills a bacterial partner that is essential in the fungal infection. -if an essential bacterial partner is killed by the antibiotic, then the disease-causing potential will be reduced -mutations occur in DNA, and antibodies do not cause mutations in DNA -antibiotics work on cellular action rather than by creating a physical barrier -white blood cell production is increased by infection, not by antibiotics

Two researchers note that when Weeds A and B grow next to each other, the roots of Weed A stop growing when they enter the root zone of Weed B. Since activated charcoal is known to absorb organic compounds, the researchers apply activated charcoal to the soil around Weed B. They note that the roots of Weed A then grow into the root zone of Weed B. Which of the following hypotheses is being tested by the addition of activated charcoal to the soil? A. Weed A absorbs activated charcoal, which enhances root growth for Weed A. B. Weed B grows best in soil that contains few organic compounds. C. Weed A is attracted to soil that contains activated charcoal. D. Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.

D. Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A. -since activated charcoal is known to absorb organic compounds, its use indicates that the hypothesis being tested is that Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A

On an imaginary planet called Alpha Vega, purple eyes (F) are dominant over pink eyes (f). Which of the following combinations will produce only offspring with pink eyes? A. Ff x ff B. Ff x Ff C. FF x ff D. ff x ff

D. ff x ff -since there is no F, all the offspring will have pink eyes