Tech Theatre Test #2

plywood graded

-veneer graded for plywood -A,B,C,D -a is best d is worst -sheet grade refers to both sides of a sheet pf plywood -an AB sheet has 1 side where the veneer is rated A and the other veneer rated B -most common grades used= A-C and CDX -(denotes exterior glue). variety of thickness available 1/4", 1/2" and 3/4" -plywood comes typically as a 4'-0" wide x 8'-0" long sheet. although special order for different sizes can be made

edge to face joints (construction techniques)

-we use this to make stiffening battens, which are also called logs trough

white glue

-will clean up with water -about 40 min open time -needs 24hrs to cure -adheres to wood, paper, cloth, Styrofoam and some plastics

lumber

1) dimensional lumber or stick lumber 2) sheet material

types of casters

1) swivel 2) rigid- turntable 3) tri-caster

homosole

1/2" thick compresses paper sheets. used as deadening on platforms. gray in color. comes in 4'-0"x8'-0" sheets

sharkstooth skrim

100% cotton when a scrim is lit from the front at a high angle and the stage behind is dark, you can't see through it. when the scene behind the scrim is illuminated and the front lights are dimmed, the scrim is " invisible" revealing the scene upstage

actual widths of dimensional lumber

2=1 1/2" 3=2 1/2" 4=3 1/2" 6=5 1/2" 8=7 1/4" 10=9 1/4" 12= 11 1/4" given length= actual length -length does not change

handsaw

3 types of handsaws -ripping -crosscut -combo kerf: space thats created by blade

combination square

90 degree corners can change depths can also do 45 degree angles

flat or slotted tip

????

actual dimensions of lumber

- 1x6, 2x4, 5/4x12 are nominal dimensions -nominal: in name only - initial sawmill sizes= nominal dimensions - when we build things we need to use actual dimensions : for lumber(thickness): 1x=3/4" 2x=1 1/2" 5/4=1 1/8"

grading lumber

-based on both looks and strength A-D select, #1-5 common 'A' select is best quality #5 common is worst quality in theatre, we typically use #2 common. some knots and some minor defects -select lumber are expensive and is the reason we use #2 common

fastbond 30NF (green)

-contact adhesive -must be applied to both sides -nonflammable -excellent for adhering polystyrene and other foams to another piece or to wood -needs to fully set between 30min-40hrs before being joined to second material

extruded polystyrene (foam)

-dow chemical (blue) - owens-corning (pink) -available in a variety of thickness: 3/4", 1", 1 1/2" -sheet size: normally 2'-0"x8'-0" or 4'-0"x8'-0" -variety of edge finishes, such as square edged or tongue and groove and shiplap

end to end joint (construction techniques)

-on its own is very weak -if the desire is to make wood longer, you will need to reinforce it -such as a battened end to end joint

cohesion

-once 2 materials are attached together, the glue must now stick to itself so the joint stays together.

face to face joint (construction techniques)

-sometimes used to make wood longer or make frames

wood glue

-typically yellow -about 10 min open time -needs 24hrs to cure -when talking about wood glues, most are stronger than the wood itself

end to edge joint (construction techniques)

-used to construct theatrical flat frames -cabinets are built using end to edge joints

muslin

a cotton canvas like material that comes in lightweight, medium weight and heavy weight. typically when building scenery we use heavy weight muslin to cover flats or for drops. when building mockups, customers will use lightweight and medium weight muslin

polyethylene foam

a flexible foam made into sheets and various shapes. a version we use in theatre is called ethafoam rod (made into rod in various diameters)

hinges

a movable joint or mechanism which a door, gate, lid etc swings as it opens and closes or that connects linked objects

Velour (scenic fabric)

a napped fabric made from cotton or cotton blend. its measured in ounces. the heavier the weight or amount of stitching per inch, the thicker the material. there is 8,16,21 or 25 ounce velour. -21 & 25 oz velour are typically used for masking and theatrical curtains - there are also synthetic velours that are inherently flame retardant

cheseborough

a pipe clamp there are swivel, fixed versions. usually will fir more than one size pipe

square/ rectangular bar (Mild Steel)

a solid square or rectangular bar of metal. specified by the width and thickness of it

lauan

a thin sheet material w/ tight grain, 1/4" lauan is used to face flats. center of the sheet compresses woodpulp. the other veneer layer has the grain for the looks -comes in 4'-0"x8'-0" sheets

adhesives

adhesive manufacturers can adjust the adhesive properties and the cohesive properties independently of each other to suit a particular purpose there are different terms to describe the drying process

adjustable end or crescent

adjust size of nut or bolt

cure

amount of time required for complete bonding. adhesive that appears dry may not be completely cured

angle (Mild Steel)

angle iron is used in lightweight frames, braces and stiffeners. specified by the width of the 2 sides and the thickness of one side. the widths of the legs do NOT have to be equal

sliding compound miter saw (chop saw)

angles can change direction of blade

finish nails

are rather narrow and have almost nonexistant head. the head of the finish nail is driven below the surface of the wood so that is can be filled in with putty so you cant tell a nail has been put into the wood. designed for molding and other finish work

common nails

are relatively thick nails used for heavier general construction, such as the framing of platforms or in home building for frames. we use 16d common nails

drywall screws

are typically #8 screws and we use 1" up to 3" lengths regularly. drywall screws have a lower shear strength than wood screws. very little in fact

set

as in glue has set, the time required for adhesive to become stable

locking

bites into the surface it is placed against and the nut so that vibrations do not loosen the nut

tri square

blade has measurements on it smallest marking is 1/8"

open ended

both ends on wrench are open different sizes

mild steel

by far the most widely used type of metal in there. Medium strength ferrous (contains iron) metal that is easy to weld. Metal steel comes in several shapes and can be used for various purposes

jig or scroll saw

can adjust speed can adjust base plate can lock it turned on- used for curves- saber saws

nuts

can be purchased in course thread or fine thread. nuts are intended to pull together two or more materials toward the head of a bolt by threading onto a bolt

end nippers

can be used for getting out staples curved can cut anything

pin wire

can be used in place of a pin, can easily be bent so the pin cant fall out

palm sander

can sand in a variety of directions

crowbar

can use both sides pulls nails ledge it into something to get it out

wood chisel

chiseling wood

C-Clamp

clamping multiple things together can bend something

bolts

come in course thread or fine thread. we use course thread. a bolt is externally threaded and is inserted through holes in various parts and are normally tightened by a nut. tip of a bolt does not taper to the point like a screw

plexiglass (acrylic,lexan) (plastic)

comes clear or in a variety of colors, and is a substitute for real glass- stronger than glass. should it break, it will not shatter and cause little shards to go all over the place. comes in a variety of thicknesses

PVC- polyvinyl chloride (plastic)

common use is to make plastic pipe. sized by diameter inside. PVC is light weight substitute for metal pipe when you want the look of pipes. no need for structural integrity.

coping saw

coping wood tight corners different shapes can be done

cup (lumber defects)

curve across width along the end

bend (lumber defects)

curve along length along the face of the board

curved claw hammer

curved claw part used to get nails out

bow (lumber defects)

curving along length of the edge of the board

band saw

cut curves can cut foam

linesman pliers or side cutting pliers

cut larger Gage wires area in front where you can grab something

cold chisel

cut metals, thin metals, sheet metals

reciprocating saw

cut through metals/wood when using you want the blade to be up against the surface

hacksaw

cutting light weight metals

dimensional lumber

department of agriculture determines what the rough cut stock sizes will be. eg: 2x4, 1x3 3tx/ after lumber is rough cut, it must be finished and planed smooth so that the final dimensions are smaller - a saw mill will cut lumber by cutting logs sawed lengthwise into slabs to the desired thickness and width. -like a cube, a board has six sides. designed by face, end and edge, 2 of each on board -dimensional lumber is made from both softwoods and hardwoods -most dimensional lumber used in theatre is softwood from white pine, ponderosa pina and douglas fir -grain runs along the length of the face and edge -has thickness, width and length and when we talk about a board we always use that order -2x4x16, 1x6x12 etc

plain washer

designated by the inside diameter to work with a matching diameter bolt

kee klamp

designed for a variety of applications such as elbows, flanges and couplers pipe is inserted and then tightened down with a set screw using a hex key fits one size of pipe only

compass saw

designed to do curves very bendy saw

wood screws

different screw has different types of heads. different types of drivers used to drive the screws

box wrench

different size both ends close ended

ratchet and sockets

different sizes makes annoying sound when you twist the wrench

drill press

drills holes

double headed or duplex nail

driven until the lower head is flush with the surface leaving the upper head exposed so that is can be easily pulled. used to hold something temporarily

rota lock

essentially a pipe clamp that will hold two pipes 40 degree to one another. fits one size of pipe only

polyurethane foam

flexible, used for bedding or cushions. often called foam rubber

wonderbar

groove for head of nail on both sides

carriage bolt

has a round bend with a square section just below the head that locks it from turning so you only need one wrench

speed square

has wider sections built in 45 and 90 degree angles

lag screws

have hex heads and are used when bolts cant be used for various reasons

nut driver

hold or tighten nut onto bolt

channel lock

hold something much larger, good grip on handles

lengths for dimensional lumber

most common length is 16'-0"

Phillips or cross tip

name brand-philips 0-6 numbered

coated nails

narrower than common nails with an adhesive coating applied to it. when nail is driven into wood the friction heats up the adhesive and makes a stronger bond between the nail and the wood. the idea is to make it harder for the nail to work itself out of the wood overtime, we use 8d nails

casters

need to be bolted to a base used to make things roll

slip joint pliers

not for nuts or bolts gropes at the tip for better grip can flip the joint area so you can hold larger or smaller things

pipe clamp

not one size only can remove those pieces and attach pipe to longer pipe

flat head wood screws (FHWS)

often used when attaching a thin material that cant be counter sunk. something like think metal or plastic. the head could also be used for decoration

T-nut

one side is pounded into the wood surface and the other a flat. so when it is flush to the surface

open ended box

one side open, one side closed same size on both ends

bar clamp

one size only

diagonal cutters

part it cuts goes at a slight diagonal wire cutters medium Gage wires

belt sander

portable can adjust where the sand paper sits

nail puller

pulls nails

Square and Rectangular box (Mild Steel)

rectangular and square tubing is often used in the construction of platforms and flats. specified by the outside widths of the shape

knots (lumber defects)

reduce the strength of a board. typically, if a board breaks it is where a knot is located

round head stove bolt

requires washer on side with nut against the head of the bolt

flat head stove bolt

requires washer on side with nut only. the head of the bolt sits flush with the surface

router

rides along surface and cuts it

flush cut saw

rigid blade cut things flushed to the surface

table saw

ripping- making it narrower (Lumber) -fence can be easily adjusted depending on size of lumber

radial arm saw

ripping-horizontal crosscuts-vertical can do angles- 90

mallet

rubber -plastic, leather, wooden versions -lightweight, can be used to make things line up better

tack or staple puller

screw driver with fork tongue bent

ball peen

shape metal

U-bolt

shaped like the letter U with threads on either end. typically used to join pipe and wood together

MDF (medium density fiberboard)

similar construction to that of masonite but comes in a wider variety of thicknesses. thickness ranges from 1/8" and 1 1/4". very dense and heavy. good paint surface. typically comes in sheets that are 4'-0"x8'-0". MDF is the only sheet material that DOES NOT come standard as 4'-0"x8'-0"

hex nut

six sided nut. inner diameter corresponds to same outer diameter bolt

circular saw

skill saw guard lifts up when cutting through materials can change angles

fender washer

small diameter opening that is designed for a pop rivet

(Mild Steel)

solid cylinder of metal. specified by the diameter of the material

rip or straight claw hammer

sometimes used to slam into walls and rip it

checks (lumber defects)

split along grain lines in the middle of the board

wane (lumber defects)

splitting along grain lines at corner of board so the corner has fallen off and is missing or there is a little bark still along an edge

wing nut

temporary and is only finer tightened. designated by size of bolt it fits

glue line

the area between the 2 items being glued together that contains only glue

tight pin back-flap hinge

the pin in which the hinge pivots on is not removable

dexion

the position an size of the slots allow for the max possible # of bold connections

nails

the size of nail is determined by a # followed by a lowercase d. the lowercase d stands for penny. rough equivalency between the length of the nail and penny designation. as the # increases, so does the length and diameter of the nail

screws

the threads of a screw are drawn into the wood by torquing the head of the screw. the diameter of a screw is indicated by a # between number 00 and number 24. the higher the # the larger the diameter. length of a screw is in inches. common sizes are #6,8,10,12

open time

the time prior to set, re positioning the pieces is still possible during open time

rot and decay (lumber defects)

the wood is attacked by fungus

thermoplastic (plastic)

thermoplastic sheet is heated to about 160 degrees then in a softened stage it is vacuumed to form to a model. -vaccum formed plastics require heat to make them form

TEX screws

these are self tapping screws. the tip is smaller to a drill bit and will drill into the material to help the threads start in the material. in theatre, they are primarily used to hold wood to metal frames

pipe (Mild Steel)

thick walled steel tubes that are used for a variety of purposes in the theatre including structural and ornamental capacities and for such things as hanging lighting instruments and scenery as battens. the inside diameter is not the same as the measurement you take off the outside...? the thickness of the pipe wall is determines by it's schedule. schedule 40 pipe is a specified wall thickness for a specific diameter pipe

warp (lumber defects)

twisting along the length

Telespar

type of telescoping square tubing that is easily worked with a variety of fittings, fasteners, and accessories designed to allow quick and efficient work

butt hinge

typically door hinge pin is removable much more durable type of hinge

sheet metal screws

typically hex head or pan-headed screws that will join sheets of metal together

hex head bolt

typically requires 2 washers, one between the head of the bold and the material and one between the material and the nut

duvetyn(8oz) or commando cloth (12 & 16)

ultimately, they are the same fabric, but are based on weight. more economical than velour. fairly opaque. a brushed matte finished denim weave

stationary sander

used for sanding can move and change angles grit: how big or small the precision's are

burlap

used for texturing scenery and props

roto lock, coffin lock or casket lock

used often on platforms to make assembly and disassembly of a stage easier. parts lock together

spakle or puddy knife

used to apply putty flat blade with an angle used to put plaster- fill holes

loose pin back-flap hinge

used to assemble and dissemble scenery quickly. the pin the hinge pivots on is removable -sure hinge: modern update on the loose pin back-slop hinge

end to face joints (construction techniques)

used to construct frames for hollywood flats and platforms

edge to edge joints

used to make things like table tops

flat stock (Mild Steel)

used to strengthen and brace wooden structures. specified by the thickness and width. these measurements are actual dimensions

needle nosed

useful for tight places small section where you can cut small Gage wires

matte knife

utility knife razor blade inside

spring clamp

velour clamps used to pull curtains out of the way and clip them down

ultra high molecular weight plastic (plastic)

very low friction, shapeable like wood, comes in various shapes and sizes

back saw

was used in mider box supposed to keep in straight line rigid blade

adhesion

when glue is spread on wood the glue sticks to the wood due to attractive forces b/w the adhesive and surface of the wood at a molecular level.

expanded polystyrene-Styrofoam (foam)

white bead foam- made in many shapes and sizes, great to carve and script

plywood (sheet material)

in making plywood, a log is first smoothed to a uniform cylinder and then revolved against a knife that slices off a thin sheet a veneer) which is flattened out as it is cut, like paper towels being unrolled from the cardboard tube in the center. the veneer are then coated with glue and adhered to one another with the grain alternating at right angles, and then subjected to heavy pressure until the glue dries. while each veneer individually is quite weak, when paired up w/ additional sheets w/ alternating grain. the final sheets become quite strong

washers

increase the bearing surface of the nut or bolt head and prevents them from cutting into the surface at work

nylock

is a hex nut that wont come undone under vibrations. has a nylon ring in the threads to keep it from coming loose

unistrut

is a track like material that cuts down on the need for welding and drilling, and is easily adjustable, and reusable. various hardware is attached to it to make it do a variety of things, it can be used as a track when needed.

Metal

is regularly used in construction

framing square

largest of squares can measure on inside and outside used for larger areas

locking (vise grips)

locking pliers allow you to lock down on something to get a strong grip

masonite

made of compresses wood pulp. Masonite is somewhat brittle and not structural, ut it can withstand large amounts of weight compressing it. a nice paint surface. primarily used as top layer for stages and platforms. normally, 1/8" or 1/4" thickness. dark brown in color comes in 4'-0"x8'-0" sheets