terapy terms

A nursing student asks the nurse why older adults are at risk for falls. The best response by the nurse is: (B)

"Cartilage deteriorates with age." "Muscles atrophy with aging." "Bones become more fragile." "Ligaments become lax with age."

Diagnostic tests show that a client's bone density has decreased over the past several years. The client asks the nurse which factors contribute to bone density decreasing. Which response by the nurse would be best? (A)

"For many people, a lack of proper nutrition can cause a loss of bone density." "Progressive loss of bone density is mostly related to your genes." "Stress is known to have many unhealthy effects, including reduced bone density." "Bone density decreases with age, but scientists are not exactly sure why this is the case."

The nurse is assessing a client with a musculoskeletal system condition. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing bone pain? (C)

"I have soreness and aching like cramps in both of my arms." "The pain is sharp in my arms but is relieved by not moving." "The pain feels deep in my legs and keeps me awake at night." "The pain feels tender, hurts, and is worse when I move."

A client undergoes an arthroscopy at the outpatient clinic. After the procedure, the nurse provides discharge teaching. Which response by the client indicates the need for further teaching? (D)

"My physician may prescribe pain pills after the procedure." "Elevating my leg will reduce swelling after the procedure." "I may notice some bruising or swelling in my knee." "I should use my heating pad this evening to reduce some of the pain in my knee."

A patient tells the nurse, "I was working out and lifting weights and now that I have stopped, I am flabby and my muscles have gone!" What is the best response by the nurse? (C)

"The muscle mass has decreased from the lack of calcium in the cells." "Once you stop exercising, the contraction of the muscle does not regain its strength." "Your muscles were in a state of hypertrophy from the weight lifting but it will persist only if the exercise is continued." "While you are lifting weights, endorphins are released, creating increase in muscle mass, but if the muscles are not used they will atrophy."

A nurse is caring for a client who has been scheduled for a bone scan. Which statement should the nurse include when educating the client about this diagnostic test? (C)

"You will not be allowed fluid for 2 hours before and 3 hours after the test." "The test is brief and requires that you drink a calcium solution 2 hours before the test." "You will be encouraged to drink water after the administration of the radioisotope injection." "This is a common test that can be safely performed on anyone."

The nurse is conducting a musculoskeletal assessment of a client in a nursing home. The client is unable to dorsiflex the right foot or extend the toes. The nurse evaluates this finding as an injury to which nerve? (B)

Achilles Peroneal Femoral Sciatic

A client has a fracture that is being treated with open rigid compression plate fixation devices. What teaching will the nurse reinforce to the client about how the progress of bone healing will be monitored? (B)

An arthroscopy will be performed. Serial x-rays will be taken. The bone will heal on its own without intervention. The plate will be removed to determine if the bone is growing back.

A nurse is providing care for a client whose pattern of laboratory testing reveals long-standing hypocalcemia. Which other laboratory result is most consistent with this finding? (D)

An increased calcitonin level An elevated potassium level A decreased vitamin D level An elevated parathyroid hormone level

The nurse is performing an assessment of a client's musculoskeletal system and is appraising the client's bone integrity. Which action should the nurse perform during this phase of assessment? (B)

Assess extremities when in motion rather than at rest. Compare parts of the body symmetrically. Administer analgesia 30 to 60 minutes before assessment. Percuss as many joints as are accessible.

Which nursing action is most important in caring for the client following an arthrogram? (D)

Assist the client with passive range of motion. Administer morphine sulfate. Keep the joint below the level of the heart. Apply ice to the joint.

A client has undergone arthroscopy. After the procedure, the site where the arthroscope was inserted is covered with a bulky dressing. The client's entire leg is also elevated without flexing the knee. What is the appropriate nursing intervention required in caring for a client who has undergone arthroscopy? (D)

Assist with performing ROM exercises. Provide a gentle massage. Apply warm compresses to the insertion site. Apply a cold pack at the insertion site.

Which is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or wrist? (B)

Bone densitometry Arthrography EMG Meniscography

Which of the following diagnostic studies are done to relieve joint pain due to effusion? (C)

Bone scan Electromyography (EMG) Arthrocentesis Biopsy

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint? (D)

Carpal bones in the wrist Knee Joint at base of thumb Hip

A client has symptoms of osteoporosis and is being assessed during an annual physical examination. The assessment shows that the client will require further testing related to a possible exacerbation of osteoporosis. The nurse should anticipate which diagnostic test? (D)

Computed tomography (CT) Hip bone radiography Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Bone densitometry

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of cancer that has metastasized to the bone. Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to be elevated in this client? (B)

Creatinine Alkaline phosphatase Bilirubin Potassium

A nurse is caring for a client who has just had an arthroscopy as an outpatient and is getting ready to go home. The nurse should teach the client to monitor closely for what postprocedure complication? (B)

Crepitus Fever Fasciculations Synovial fluid leakage

What is the term for a lateral curving of the spine? (D)

Diaphysis Lordosis Epiphysis Scoliosis

audible grating sound (C)

Effusion Clonus Crepitus Fasciculations

Which of the following diagnostic studies are done to relieve joint pain due to effusion? (D)

Electromyography (EMG) Bone scan Biopsy Arthrocentesis

A client is scheduled for a bone scan to rule out osteosarcoma of the pelvic bones. Which client status would be most important for the nurse to verify before the client's scan? (A)

Empty bladder Fast for at least 8 hours Completion of the bowel cleansing regimen No allergy to penicillins

A client injured in a motor vehicle accident has sustained a fracture to the diaphysis of the right femur. Of which tissue is the diaphysis of the femur mainly constructed? (C)

Epiphyses Cancellous bone Cortical bone Cartilage

Which term refers to the shaft of the long bone? (D)

Epiphysis Lordosis Scoliosis Diaphysis

A nurse is taking a health history on a client with musculoskeletal dysfunction. What should the nurse prioritize during this phase of the assessment? (C)

Evaluating the client's adherence to the existing treatment regimen Evaluating the client's active and passive range of motion Evaluating the effects of the musculoskeletal disorder on the client's function Evaluating the presence of genetic risk factors for further musculoskeletal disorders

A nurse practitioner assesses a patient's movement in his left hand after a cast is removed. The nurse asks the patient to turn his wrist so the palm of his hand is facing up. This movement is known as: (D)

Extension. Pronation. Eversion. Supination.

A client is diagnosed with a fracture of a diarthrosis joint. What is an example of this type of joint? (C)

Fifth thoracic vertebrae Skull Elbow Symphysis pubis

A patient comes to the clinic and informs the nurse of numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation in the arm from the elbow down to the fingers. What type of symptom would this be documented as? (c)

Flaccidity Atonia Paresthesia Effusion

A patient has had a stroke and is unable to move the right upper and lower extremity. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding? (A)

Flaccidity Atonic Rigidity Tetanic

A public health nurse is organizing a campaign that will address the leading cause of musculoskeletal-related disability. The nurse should focus on what health problem? (B)

Hip fractures Arthritis Osteoporosis Lower back pain

A nurse is taking a health history on a new client who has been experiencing unexplained paresthesia. What question should guide the nurse's assessment of the client's altered sensations? (C)

How does the strength in the affected extremity compare to the strength in the unaffected extremity? Does the color in the affected extremity match the color in the unaffected extremity? How does the feeling in the affected extremity compare with the feeling in the unaffected extremity? Does the client have a family history of paresthesia or other forms of altered sensation?

The nurse is caring for a pregnant patient with pregnancy-induced hypertension. When assessing the reflexes in the ankle, the nurse observes rhythmic contractions of the muscle when dorsiflexing the foot. What would the nurse document this finding as? (B)

Hypertrophy Clonus Positive Babinski reflex Ankle reflex

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement? (D)

Inflammation Revascularization Reparative Remodeling

The nurse's comprehensive assessment of an older adult involves the assessment of the client's gait. How should the nurse best perform this assessment? (B)

Instruct the client to walk heel-to-toe for 15 to 20 steps. Instruct the client to walk away from the nurse for a short distance and then toward the nurse. Instruct the client to balance on one foot for as long as possible and then walk in a circle around the room. Instruct the client to walk in a straight line while not looking at the floor.

A client has been experiencing progressive increases in knee pain and diagnostic imaging reveals a worsening effusion in the synovial capsule. The nurse should anticipate what diagnostic procedure? (B)

Knee biopsy Arthrocentesis Electromyography Arthrography

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. How does the nurse interpret this finding? (D)

Kyphosis Dowager's hump Scoliosis Lordosis

A 10-year-old client is growing at a rate appropriate for the client's age. Which cells are responsible for the secretion of bone matrix, which eventually results in bone growth?(D)

Lamellae Osteoclasts Osteocytes Osteoblasts

A client is seen in the emergency room for a knee injury that happened during a basketball game. Diagnostic tests reveal torn cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. What type of tear has this client sustained? (C)

Ligament Fascia Tendon Bursa

A client is exhibiting diminished range of motion, loss of flexibility, stiffness, and loss of height. The history and physical findings are associated with age-related changes of which area? (B)

Ligaments Joints Muscles Bones

A client has sustained traumatic injuries that involve several bone fractures. A fracture of what type of bone may interfere with the protection of the client's vital organs? (B)

Long bones Flat bones Irregular bones Short bones

The results of a nurse's musculoskeletal examination show an increase in the lumbar curvature of the spine. The nurse should recognize the presence of what health problem?

Lordosis

A client has come to the clinic for a regular check-up. The nurse's initial inspection reveals an increased thoracic curvature of the client's spine. The nurse should document the presence of which condition? (D)

Lordosis Scoliosis Epiphyses Kyphosis

The nurse is preparing to perform a musculoskeletal assessment for a client with chronic muscle pain. Which assessment technique would be an appropriate tool to evaluate this type of pain? (B)

Measure the girth of the thigh. Flex the bicep against resistance. Palpate for the balloon sign. Listen for cracking with movement.

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has been diagnosed with geriatric failure to thrive. The nurse should perform interventions to prevent what complication? (B)

Muscle fasciculations Muscle atrophy Rheumatoid arthritis Muscle clonus

Which cells are involved in bone resorption? (A)

Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Osteocytes Chondrocytes

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this common finding is known as? (B)

Osteoporosis Kyphosis Scoliosis Lordosis

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicate circulation is impaired? (Select all that apply.) (A,C,D)

Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color Limited range of motion More than 3-second capillary refill Cool temperature of the extremity Tenting skin turgor

A client has had a cast placed for the treatment of a humeral fracture. The nurse's most recent assessment shows signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? (B)

Perform active range of motion exercises. Contact the primary provider immediately. Assess the client's joint function symmetrically. Arrange for a STAT assessment of the client's serum calcium levels.

A nurse performs a neurovascular assessment on a client 2 weeks after a wrist cast had been removed. The nurse documents in the client's chart that there is normal sensation in the ulnar nerve. What finger assessment test will the nurse perform on this client? (C)

Prick the skin midway between the thumb and second finger. Prick the top of the middle finger. Prick the distal fat pad on the small finger. Prick the top or distal surface of the index finger.

A nurse on the orthopedic unit is assessing a client's peroneal nerve. The nurse should perform this assessment by doing what action?

Pricking the skin between the great and second toe

A patient has a fracture of the right femur sustained in an automobile accident. What process of fracture healing does the nurse understand will occur with this patient? (B)

Primary phase, secondary phase, third phase Reactive phase, reparative phase, remodeling phase First intention, secondary intention, third intention Active phase, dormant phase, restructure phase

Which nerve is being assessed when the nurses asks the client to dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes? (B)

Radial Peroneal Ulnar Median

A client's fracture is healing and compact bone is replacing spongy bone around the periphery of the fracture. This process characterizes what phase of the bone healing process? (A)

Remodeling Hematoma formation Fibrocartilaginous callus formation Bony callus formation

What would not be included in client and family teaching after a musculoskeletal injury? (C)

Resume bathing and activity as directed by physician. Report excessive pain or throbbing, prolonged or fresh bleeding, swelling, skin color changes, decrease in sensation, or purulent drainage. Pursue any physical activities that are comfortable. Resume work and other activities per physician's orders.

A nurse's assessment reveals that a client has shoulders that are not level and one prominent scapula that is accentuated by bending forward. The nurse should expect to read about which health problem in the client's electronic health record? (A)

Scoliosis Muscular dystrophy Lordosis Kyphosis

Which hormone inhibits bone reabsorption and increases calcium deposit in the bone? (D)

Sex hormones Vitamin D Growth hormone Calcitonin

A nurse is caring for a client whose cancer metastasis has resulted in bone pain. What should the nurse expect the client to describe? (D)

Sharp, piercing pain that is relieved by immobilization Soreness or aching that may include cramping Spastic or sharp pain that radiates A dull, deep ache that is "boring" in nature

The nurse is assessing a client for dietary factors that may influence her risk for osteoporosis. The nurse should question the client about her intake of what nutrients? Select all that apply. (B,E)

Simple carbohydrates Vitamin D Soluble fiber Protein Calcium

A client is receiving ongoing nursing care for the treatment of Parkinson disease. When assessing this client's gait, which finding is most closely associated with this health problem? (B)

Steppage gait Shuffling gait Rapid gait Spastic hemiparesis gait

The nurse is educating a group of students about peroneal nerve damage. The nurse knows that which assessment will show this type of nerve damage? (D)

Stretching of the client's thumb above the wrist Skin prick along the client's skin with the index finger Pricking of the skin along the medial side of the foot Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes

Skull sutures are an example of which type of joint? (A)

Synarthrosis Diarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Aponeuroses

The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding? (A)

Tear in the joint capsule Fracture of the clavicle Decreased bone density Injury to the radial nerve

Tendons are cordlike structures that attach muscles to the periosteum of the bone. Which is not true about tendons? (B)

Tendons attach muscle to bone with two or more attachments. Tendons attach muscle to a bone in just one location. One of the attachments is called the origin, and is more fixed. A second attachment is called the insertion, and is more movable.

The nurse understands that bone maintenance requires a balance between forming and dissolving bone. What is a correct statement about the function of osteoblasts? (D)

They are multinuclear cells involved in resorbing bone. They are located in shallow lacunae (small pits in bones). They are nourished by capillaries that are part of the Haversian system. They secrete a matrix that consists of collagen.

When assessing a client's peripheral nerve function, the nurse uses an instrument to prick the fat pad at the top of the client's small finger. This action will assess what nerve? (C)

Tibial Median Ulnar Radial

The nurse is teaching a client about a vitamin that supports calcium's absorption. What vitamin is the nurse teaching the client about? (A)

Vitamin D Vitamin A Vitamin B12 Vitamin C

Which is an indicator of neurovascular compromise? (C)

Warm skin temperature Pain upon active stretch Capillary refill of more than 3 seconds Diminished pain

The nurse is preparing an education program on risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. Which risk factors are appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching program? Select all that apply. (A,B,C,D)

age current cigarette smoking menopause bed rest calcium-rich diet

Synovial fluid is aspirated and examined to diagnose disorders such as traumatic arthritis, septic arthritis, gout, rheumatic fever, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Which analyses are least likely to be run on synovial fluid? (B)

blood cells specific gravity crystals culture and sensitivity

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the forearm? (D)

flat bones short bones irregular bones long bones

There are thousands of components of the musculoskeletal system which facilitate mobility and independent function. Which component(s) are involuntary muscles? Select all that apply. (B,C)

gastrocnemius muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle skeletal muscle

The nurse is conducting a community education program on hip fracture risk. The nurse evaluates that the participants understand the program when the participants determine that client at highest risk for a hip fracture is a(n) (B)

high school athlete. 80-year-old man recently widowed. toddler just starting to walk. 30-year-old pregnant woman.

During the physical assessment of a client with a musculoskeletal disorder, which techniques would enable the nurse to determine the client's ability to exhibit fine motor skills? (D)

instructing the client to walk in a straight line palpating the client's muscles and joints instructing the client to stretch and flex muscles asking the client to grasp objects

There are thousands of components of the musculoskeletal system that facilitate mobility and independent function. The function of skeletal muscle is promoting: (D)

involuntary function. organ function. All options are correct. movement of skeletal bones.

While reading a client's chart, the nurse notices that the client is documented to have paresthesia. The nurse plans care for a client with (D)

involuntary twitch of muscle fibers. absence of muscle tone. absence of muscle movement suggesting nerve damage. abnormal sensations.

The nurse is admitting an older adult to a skilled nursing facility. What assessment parameters will the nurse expect to find with the musculoskeletal assessment? Select all that apply. ( A,B,E )

joint stiffness decreased range of motion increased muscle strength increase in height decreased endurance

There are thousands of components of the musculoskeletal system that facilitate mobility and independent function. The function of skeletal muscle is promoting: (C)

organ function. involuntary function. movement of skeletal bones. All options are correct.

A client tells the health care provider about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The health care provider identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition will the nurse educate the client about? (B)

osteoarthritis of the shoulder bursitis ankylosing spondylitis a fracture of the clavicle

An example of a flat bone is the (A)

sternum. femur. vertebra. metacarpals.

A client has recently undergone an invasive joint examination to enable the identification of bone composition. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse monitor in this client? (D)

tingling sensation or numbness nausea and vomiting hypersensitivity reaction swelling and bleeding