Test 1 Hidden life of the cell worksheet

How does the adenovirus use protein receptors to enter the cell

The adenovirus has its own key etched into the edge of its protecting fibers. Sometimes this key gets blocked by antibodies latching to it, but not all fibers are always covered. If a key gets exposed to a receptor, the virus can trick its way into entering the cell. "Sentry"

Explain how viruses, overtime and evolution, have actually made cells stronger and better

It is like an internal arms race. Each side has to grow stronger and adapt to counter the other.

Ribosomes

Mobile factories in the cell that turn the instructions in genes into proteins

What does the adenovirus deaths protein do?

A viral saboteur breaks the cytoskeleton and cell membrane that the death proteins weakens the nuclear membrane, causing it to pop from the 10,000 viruses.

How is the body able to prevent future infections by the same virus?

A cell that produces the correct antibodies is stored in your bone marrow for the rest of your life in case you get the infection again

How does the cell use proteasomes as a last line of defense against the virus?

A defense proteins seeks out antibodies on the virus and together with a targeting proteins marks them for destruction. Proteasome then arrive and shred the virus to pieces.

What are endosomes and how do they affect the virus within the cell? Which viruses are able to escape?

Endosomes receive incoming deliveries and decide where in the cell. They break down large particles into smaller ones the cell can move easily use. Some viruses are broken down completely but others like adeno use their proteins to rupture

What does the virus do once it gains access to the cells nucleus?

Its DNA is replicated because it can't be distinguished and then create viral proteins. These proteins are drawn back and assemble.

What structure in the cell can the virus to move it to the nucleus ?

Multiple motor proteins are hijacked and receive energy from the mitochondria. Motor proteins typically await particles from endosomes to be delivered.

What is the body's first line of defense against pathogens? What are the weak point in this defense?

Our skin is the first line of defense, but pathogens can still enter through the holes, such as our mouth, nose, or eyes

Mitochondria

Power Station in the sale that contain turbine spinning, thousand times per minute

What exactly do white blood cells inspect to be sure that a cell belongs and is not infected

Shredded Protein fragments from the proteasome are sent to the surface of the cell to be inspected

What are two functions of the protein receptors covering the cell membrane?

Some transport information and others bring in cargo "molecules receptors with a key "too large to seep through pumps. These security patrol the membrane and only allow entry to particles.

What macromolecule is the worker of the cell? Give example of a function it provides.

Proteins are the workers of the cell. They work to create structures like the internal skeleton that holds the cell together.

Proteasomes

Recycle used or faulty proteins

The virus must pass through nuclear pores in order to access the DNA inside the nucleus. Explain how it accomplish this, in spite of being physically larger in the pores.

The pores have proteins that draw particles in, if recognized and the virus tricks these pores, but since it is too large to fit the motor proteins pulls in the opposite direction, thinking there are met and obstruction. This pulls in both directions tears open the virus, causing his DNA to enter through its pores

Nucleus

The vault inside the heart of the cell containing the instruction manual for life, DNA

Why are viruses able to recognize a host cell, enter its membrane and take over?

The viruses are made from bits and pieces of our own cells. They can attack our nucleus because they are not made from the same stuff.

Describe what the antibodies do to interfere with the invasion of viruses

They are proteins that float in between cells and locked to a viruses armor plating shackling them together, making them an easier target for white blood cells

Most viruses helplessly float in the cell at this point. what are they unable to do as a result of their simple design

They can't reach the nucleus

What is the basic goal of each virus?

To breach a cells distances and reach the nucleus so that they can reproduce. In this process the cell is destroyed but the virus is produced. 10,000 times over.