test #1 phil
_____ is the fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from, and one of them is unacceptable, the other one must be true.
False dilemma
In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, prisoners believe _____.
what they perceive on the cave wall is real
Plato argues that the soul is _____.
immortal
Plato's Meno involves a presentation of the idea that knowledge is _____.
innate
According to Plato, the appetitive side of the soul _____.
is the part that desires satisfaction of the bodily cravings for things like food and sleep
According to Plato, the spirited side of the soul _____.
is the part that is motivated to maximize honor, self-esteem, success, and winning
Heraclitus' central idea is the _____.
logos
Democritus explains events in _____.
mechanistic terms
The Allegory of the Cave can be interpreted as illustrating Plato's _____ and _____.
metaphysics; epistemology
Thales' great contribution to philosophy and science is (are) his _____, whereby he sought natural and simple explanations for natural phenomena.
method
1. IfA then B 2. not B 3. Therefore not A
modus tollens
The denial of a conditional claim's consequent results in the denial of the antecedent. This kind of argument is known as _____.
modus tollens
Particular things are said to _____ the Forms.
participate in
Plato thinks that _____ should govern.
philosopher kings
Plato identifies those moved by appetites as _____.
producers
According to Plato, a part of the soul's harmony involves the spirited part _____.
pushing him to achieve success, honor, and recognition
Socrates employed _____ in his interactions.
question and answer
The fallacy of misrepresenting a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the _____.
straw man fallacy
The Apology i s what?
Socrates' defense
Socrates did his work of philosophy where?
The marketplace
For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to _____.
the soul
_____ is the study of value, including moral value.
Ethics
Plato calls the objectively real, eternal, and abstract entities that serve as models or universals of higher knowledge, _____.
Forms
For Plato, the greatest Form is the Form of the _____.
Good
The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to _____.
Socrates
The _____ is used to expose errors in ethical thinking.
Socratic method
Democritus posits the creation of objects depends on what?
The size, shape, and organization of atoms
According to Parmenides, there is no such thing as nothing. Therefore he concludes__________.
There is no motion and change
In Plato's Republic, Thrasymachus endorses the view that justice is _____.
What ever is in the interest of the strong
Plato believed that Democracy was what?
Mob rule
_____ is credited with promoting the view that through unaided reason, we can come to know what the world is like.
Parmenides
According to Plato, a part of the soul's harmony involves the rational part _____.
ruling wisely over appetite and spirit
In the type of fallacy known as _____, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.
slippery slope
A preoccupation with____is a clear indication, according to Socrates, that one's soul is unhealthy.
social status
Socrates claims that nothing is more important than caring for one's _____.
soul
Parmenides is famous for, among other things, his _____.
systematic employment of deductive argument
Plato established a school called _____.
the Academy
Parmenides argues that reality consists of _____.
the One
A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____.
the Socratic method
Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true the conclusion must be true are ___.
deductive
Plato and Xenophon wrote _____ featuring Socrates' method.
dialogues
Plato wrote _____.
dialogues
Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____.
epistemology
Heraclitus claims that although all things _____, they are really _____.
flow; unchanging
Socrates claims to be a ____ for Athens' sake
gadfly
Plato identifies those moved by reason as _____.
guardians
At his trial, Socrates declares that _____.
he will not stop philosophizing
According to Plato, the truly real world is the world of the _____ existing Forms.
independently
Sophists were ___.
itinerant professors
A harmonious soul is a _____ soul.
jus
For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of _____.
knowledge
Socrates' method shows a belief in a connection between virtue and _____.
knowledge
The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____.
logic
The study of correct reasoning is called _____.
logic
In The Republic, Plato argues that the only kind of society that can ensure people get their due is a _____.
meritocracy
The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.
metaphysics
Socrates claimed he did not accept _____ for teaching.
money
According to Plato, a part of the soul's harmony involves the appetitive part _____.
motivating a man to act confidently and satisfy basic needs
The Oracle at Delphi declared _____.
no one was wiser than Socrates
Plato reasons that, if truth is objective, it must also be about _____.
real things
According to Heraclitus, to grasp the principle of the world order is to grasp _____.
reality
Parmenides distinguishes between appearance and _____.
reality
If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as _____.
reductio ad absurdum
According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has _____ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure
an unhealthy soul
Democritus advances the theory known as _____.
ancient atomism
Anaximander contends that everything came from a formless, imperishable substance called _____.
apeiron
The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as _____.
appeal to the person
Plato's tripartite soul is constituted by _____, _____, and _____.
appetite; spirit; reason
Democritus' theory includes the view that reality consists of _____ and the void.
atoms
Democritus describes destruction of matter as _________.
atoms loosing organization and dispersing
Plato identifies those moved by spirit as _____.
auxiliaries
The fallacy of _____ is trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.
begging the question
According to Parmenides, reality is _____.
uncreated
Plato _____ Protagoras' position.
utterly rejects
According to Thales, the universe is fundamentally _____.
water
For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for _____.
what's true and real
Protagoras famously declared, _____.
"Man is the measure of all things"
In the Apology, Socrates declares _____.
"the unexamined life is not worth living"
Match the question with the correct branch of philosophy. 1)What is correct reasoning? 2)Asks What is true? 3)Asks what is real? 4)Asks what we should do?
1)Logic 2)Epistemology 3)Metaphysics 4)Ethics
Plato's view of the soul's relationship to the Republic? 1)Appetite 2)Spirit 3)Reason 4)The ...
1)Producers 2)Auxiliaries 3)Philosopher-King 4)Meritocracy
_____ asserts, "Moderation is the greatest virtue."
Heraclitus
According to Pythagoras, the underlying reality of the universe is what?
Math