test #1 phil

_____ is the fallacy of arguing erroneously that since there are only two alternatives to choose from, and one of them is unacceptable, the other one must be true.

False dilemma

In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, prisoners believe _____.

what they perceive on the cave wall is real

Plato argues that the soul is _____.

immortal

Plato's ​Meno​ involves a presentation of the idea that knowledge is _____.

innate

According to Plato, the appetitive side of the soul _____.

is the part that desires satisfaction of the bodily cravings for things like food and sleep

According to Plato, the spirited side of the soul _____.

is the part that is motivated to maximize honor, self-esteem, success, and winning

Heraclitus' central idea is the _____.

logos

Democritus explains events in _____.

mechanistic terms

The Allegory of the Cave can be interpreted as illustrating Plato's _____ and _____.

metaphysics; epistemology

Thales' great contribution to philosophy and science is (are) his _____, whereby he sought natural and simple explanations for natural phenomena.

method

1. IfA then B 2. not B 3. Therefore not A

modus tollens

The denial of a conditional claim's consequent results in the denial of the antecedent. This kind of argument is known as _____.

modus tollens

Particular things are said to _____ the Forms.

participate in

Plato thinks that _____ should govern.

philosopher kings

Plato identifies those moved by appetites as _____.

producers

According to Plato, a part of the soul's harmony involves the spirited part _____.

pushing him to achieve success, honor, and recognition

Socrates employed _____ in his interactions.

question and answer

The fallacy of misrepresenting a person's views so they can be more easily attacked or dismissed is called the _____.

straw man fallacy

The Apology i​ s what?

Socrates' defense

Socrates did his work of philosophy where?

The marketplace

For Socrates, an unexamined life is a tragedy because it results in grievous harm to _____.

the soul

_____ is the study of value, including moral value.

Ethics

Plato calls the objectively real, eternal, and abstract entities that serve as models or universals of higher knowledge, _____.

Forms

For Plato, the greatest Form is the Form of the _____.

Good

The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to _____.

Socrates

The _____ is used to expose errors in ethical thinking.

Socratic method

Democritus posits the creation of objects depends on what?

The size, shape, and organization of atoms

According to Parmenides, there is no such thing as nothing. Therefore he concludes__________.

There is no motion and change

In Plato's ​Republic​, Thrasymachus endorses the view that justice is _____.

What ever is in the interest of the strong

Plato believed that Democracy was what?

Mob rule

_____ is credited with promoting the view that through unaided reason, we can come to know what the world is like.

Parmenides

According to Plato, a part of the soul's harmony involves the rational part _____.

ruling wisely over appetite and spirit

In the type of fallacy known as _____, we argue that a particular actions should not be taken because it will lead inevitably to other actions resulting in some dire outcome.

slippery slope

A preoccupation with____is a clear indication, according to Socrates, that one's soul is unhealthy.

social status

Socrates claims that nothing is more important than caring for one's _____.

soul

Parmenides is famous for, among other things, his _____.

systematic employment of deductive argument

Plato established a school called _____.

the Academy

Parmenides argues that reality consists of _____.

the One

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____.

the Socratic method

Arguments intended to give logically conclusive support to their conclusions so that if the premises are true the conclusion must be true are ___.

deductive

Plato and Xenophon wrote _____ featuring Socrates' method.

dialogues

Plato wrote _____.

dialogues

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____.

epistemology

Heraclitus claims that although all things _____, they are really _____.

flow; unchanging

Socrates claims to be a ____ for Athens' sake

gadfly

Plato identifies those moved by reason as _____.

guardians

At his trial, Socrates declares that _____.

he will not stop philosophizing

According to Plato, the truly real world is the world of the _____ existing Forms.

independently

Sophists were ___.

itinerant professors

A harmonious soul is a _____ soul.

jus

For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of _____.

knowledge

Socrates' method shows a belief in a connection between virtue and _____.

knowledge

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____.

logic

The study of correct reasoning is called _____.

logic

In ​The Republic​, Plato argues that the only kind of society that can ensure people get their due is a _____.

meritocracy

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.

metaphysics

Socrates claimed he did not accept _____ for teaching.

money

According to Plato, a part of the soul's harmony involves the appetitive part _____.

motivating a man to act confidently and satisfy basic needs

The Oracle at Delphi declared _____.

no one was wiser than Socrates

Plato reasons that, if truth is objective, it must also be about _____.

real things

According to Heraclitus, to grasp the principle of the world order is to grasp _____.

reality

Parmenides distinguishes between appearance and _____.

reality

If you assume that a set of statements is true, and yet you can deduce a false or absurd statement from it, then the original set of statements as a whole must be false. This kind of argument is known as _____.

reductio ad absurdum

According to Socrates, a clear sign that a person has _____ is her exclusive pursuit of social status, wealth, power, and pleasure

an unhealthy soul

Democritus advances the theory known as _____.

ancient atomism

Anaximander contends that everything came from a formless, imperishable substance called _____.

apeiron

The fallacy of rejecting a statement on the grounds that it comes from a particular person is known as _____.

appeal to the person

Plato's tripartite soul is constituted by _____, _____, and _____.

appetite; spirit; reason

Democritus' theory includes the view that reality consists of _____ and the void.

atoms

Democritus describes destruction of matter as _________.

atoms loosing organization and dispersing

Plato identifies those moved by spirit as _____.

auxiliaries

The fallacy of _____ is trying to prove a conclusion by using that very same conclusion as support.

begging the question

According to Parmenides, reality is _____.

uncreated

Plato _____ Protagoras' position.

utterly rejects

According to Thales, the universe is fundamentally _____.

water

For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for _____.

​what's true and real

Protagoras famously declared, _____.

"Man is the measure of all things"

In the Apology, Socrates declares _____.

"the unexamined life is not worth living"

Match the question with the correct branch of philosophy. 1)What is correct reasoning? 2)Asks What is true? 3)Asks what is real? 4)Asks what we should do?

1)Logic 2)Epistemology 3)Metaphysics 4)Ethics

Plato's view of the soul's relationship to the Republic? 1)Appetite 2)Spirit 3)Reason 4)The ...

1)Producers 2)Auxiliaries 3)Philosopher-King 4)Meritocracy

_____ asserts, "Moderation is the greatest virtue."

Heraclitus

According to Pythagoras, the underlying reality of the universe is what?

Math