Test 1 Questions

The mineral property "cleavage" refers to _______. a)the development of crystal faces during mineral growth b)the splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces c)the development of irregular fractures in a mineral d)the density of a mineral

b)the splitting of a mineral along planar surfaces

Which of the following elements tends to share electrons? a)carbon b)helium c)oxygen d)sodium

a)carbon

The three main types of sediment are : a)clastic, biological, chemical b)bioclastic, chemical, granitic c)clastic, fossilferous, bioclastic d)siliciclastic, erosional, ionic

a)clastic, biological, chemical

Which of the following substances is not considered a mineral? a)coal b)diamond c)gypsum d)rock salt

a)coal

Which of the following lists is written in order of decreasing particle size? a)conglomerate, sandstone, silstone b)sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate c)sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone d)siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate

a)conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone

In which of the following tectonic settings do most of the Earth's active volcanoes occur? a)convergent plate boundaries b)transform plate boundaries c)divergent plate boundaries d)intraplate settings

a)convergent plate boundaries

What type of chemcial bonding holds the Na and Cl atoms together in table salt? a)covalent bonds b)iconic bonds c)metallic bonds

a)covalent bonds

Which of the following igneous rocks has the lowest silica content? a)felsic b)intermediate c)mafic d)ultramafic

a)felsic

Which statement comparing felsic rocks to mafic rocks is true? a)felsic rocks have less silica and more magnesium that mafic rocks b)felsic rocks have less silica and less magnesium than mafic rocks c)felsic rocks have more silica and less magnesium than mafic rocks d)felsic rocks have more silica and more magnesium than mafic rocks

a)felsic rocks have less silica and more magnesium than mafic rocks

According to the principle of the uniformitarianism, _________ a)geologic processes we observe today have operated in the past b)animals have evolved at a uniform rate c)all of the planets formed from a uniform solar nebula d)early earth was covered by a uniform magma ocean

a)geologic process we observe today have operate in the past

Mantle plumes that reach the surface form________ a)hot spots b)mid-ocean ridges c)island arcs d)subduction zones

a)hot spots

Which of the following properties increases in the direction of the arrows in the diagram below? felsic ----> Intermediate ---->Mafic a)melting temperature b)potassium content c)silica content d)viscosity

a)melting temperature

What is the most important factor that controls the size of mineral grains in an igneous rock? a)the rate of magma cooling b)the magma composition c)the plate tectonic environment d)the iron content of the mineral

a)rate of magma cooling

Sedimentary basins are formed by a process called ___________ a)subsidence b)disgenesis c)lithification d)subductions

a)subsidence

Complete the following sentence; Scientific hypothesis should always be _____ a)testable b)correct c)complex d)simple

a)testable

Which of the following mountain ranges formed as a result of ocean-continent convergence? a)the Andes b)the Appalachians c)the Himalayas d)the Urals

a)the Andes

Oceanic crust that records negative magnetic anomalies formed when Earth's magnetic field was _______ a)the same as it is today b)the same as today except weaker c)reversed from what it is today d)the same as today except stronger

a)the same as it is today

What is the effect of water on rock melting? a)water raises the melting temperature of a rock b)water lowers the melting temperature of a rock c)water does not change the melting temperature of a rock

a)water raises the melting temperature of a rock

Which of the following is divergent plate boundary? a)the Andes Mountains b)the Mid-Atlantic Ridge c)the Himalayan Mountains d)The San Andres fault

b)Mid-Atlantic Ridge

What is the name of the large supercontinent that existed 200 million years ago when all the continents were together? a)Rodinia b)Pangaea c)San Andreas

b)Pangaea

Abrasion of sediment particles results in which of the following? a)they become smaller and more angular b)They become smaller and more rounded c)They become larger and heavier d)They become larger and more angular

b)They become smaller and more rounded

How old are the oldest rocks on the ocean floor? a)about 20 million years old b)about 600 million years old c)about 200 million years old d)about 4.0 billion years old

b)about 600 million years old

What type of rock makes up most of the Hawaiian Islands? a)andesite b)basalt c)granite d)periodotite

b)basalt

What types of lavas are erupted at mid-ocean ridges? a)andesites b)basalts c)rhyolites d)all of the above

b)basalts

Diamond is an example of what type of bonding? a)covalent b)ionic c)metallic d)nuclear

b)ionic

A torrential mudflow of wet volcanic debris is called a(n)______? a)ash flow tuff b)landslide c)lahar d)eruption cloud

b)landslide

What drives plate techonics? a)magnetic reversals b)mantle convection c)solar energy d)volcanism

b)mantle convection

In what type of rocks are you most likely to find oil, natural gas, and coal? a)igneous b)metamorphic c)sedimentary

b)metamorphic

Each element has a unique number of_________ a)protons b)neutrons c)electrons

b)neutrons

Isotopes of an element have different numbers of _______ a)electrons b)neutrons c)protons d)all of the above

b)neutrons

The center of an atom is called a(n) a)electron b)nucleus c)orbital

b)nucleus

An island arc forms when there is _______convergence a)ocean-continent b)ocean-ocean c)continent-continent d)none of the above

b)ocean-ocean

Large igneous bodies that form at depth in the Earth's crust are called ________? a)dikes b)plutons c)sills d)veins

b)plutons

Which of the following mountain chains was the result of a continental collision during the assembly of the supercontinent Pangaea? a)the andes b)the appalachians c)the cordillera d)the himalayas

b)the appalachians

Which of the following statements about the scientific method is false? a)a scientific theory is never considered finally proved b)data used to generate a hypothesis may come from observations, experiments, and chance findings c)a theory that has accumulated a substantial body of experimental support is called a hypothesis

c)a theory that has accumulated a substantial body of experimental support is called a hypothesis

The chain of volcanoes that forms at an ocean-ocean convergent plate boundary is referred to as a(n) _____ a)continental b)subduction c)island

c)island

What is the name for basaltic lava flow that has ropy, folded surface? a)aa b)breccia c)pahoehoe d)tuff

c)pahoehoe

Which of the following subatomic particles has a postive charge? a)electron b)neutron c)proton d)all of the above

c)proton

Solidified fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air are called _______ a)penocrysts b)pillow basalts c)pyroclasts d)vesicles

c)pyroclasts

Most common rock-forming minerals are __________? a)carbonates b)oxides c)silicates d)sulfides

c)silicates

Which of the following mountain ranges is the product of continent-continent convergence? a)the Andes b)the cascade range c)the himalayas d)the japanese islands

c)the himalayas

Silicate structures can be _______ a)isolated tetrahedra b)single chains c)sheets d)all of the above

d)all of the above

What type of sediments are acculmulations of solid fragments produced by weathering? a)biochemical sediments b)clastic sediments c)chemical sediments d)all of the above

d)all of the above

Where is new lithosphere created? a)convergent plate boundaries b)divergent plate boundaries c)transform fault boudnaries d)convergent plate boundaries and divergent plate boundaries

d)convergent plate boundaries and divergent plate boundaries

Burial of sediments results in _________ a)decreasing pressure and decreasing temperature b)decreasing pressure and increasing temperature c)increasing pressure and decreasing and decreasing temperature d)increasing pressure and increasing temperature

d)increasing pressure and increasing temperature

Which of the volcanic eruption-related hazards listed below has caused the fewest deaths overall? a)pyroclastic flows b)lahars c)tsunamis d)lava flows

d)lava flows

The Hawaiian volcanoes are __________? a) located at converagent plate boundary b)located at divergent plate boundary c)located at transform plate boundary d)not located at plate boundary

d)not located at plate boundary

The tendency for variations in current velocity to segregate sediments on the basis of particle size is called ________. a)compaction b)lithification c)metamorphism d)sorting

d)sorting

Which of the following is an example of a transform plate boundary? a)the east african rift b)the mid-atlantic ridge c)the marianas trench d)the san andreas fault

d)the san andreas fault