342 Exam 1

Real-time processing

transaction data is immediately processed or close after the transaction occurs (so master files that updated with transaction totals are kept current) -Ex. Airline or Ticket Reservation systems, Point of Sale (POS) Terminals

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

when 2 companies collaborate to work together, a lot of data exchange takes place

In Procure to Pay, the external party that the business primarily deals with is the customer. T/F

False, dealing with buying "things" from suppliers

If the Customer_ID field is the primary key in the Customer table, what is Customer_ID called when it shows up in the Orders Table?

Foreign key

Key Information Processing steps

1. Capturing and Recording Source Data (barcode scan) 2. Maintaining Reference Data 3. Generating Outputs / Reports

Ways to link tables

1. Creating duplicate fields in tables they want to link - Ex. having Customer ID in multiple tables 2. Creating new tables that decompose many-to-many relationships into one-to-many relationships, and store attributes that describe both entities (having Orderlines table)

Technologies like bar code scanners, RFID tags and touch screens are used by businesses in which information processing step?

Record

In the OTC process, what is the name of the source document that I send my customer to bill them?

Sales invoice

Relational databases are an example of

Schema on write databases

Which of the following scenarios would most likely benefit from real time processing instead of batch processing?

Ticket Processing (sports or airline)

A company keeps data about each completed sale of inventory during the current month. What type of file is this data kept in?

Transaction File

Batch processing

Transaction data is collected and stored for processing at a scheduled time or when a specified amount of data has been collected (so master files that updated with transaction totals are not always up to date) -Ex. payroll, credit card transaction, customer billing, customer statements

"Flavors" of databases

Tree / Hierarchical Network Relational (what we are studying, schema-on-write) limits duplication Object Oriented (Canvas)

For most companies, the Conversion process lies between the Procure to Pay and Order to Cash processes. T/F

True

In database, each record is made up of a collection of columns called fields. T/F

True

For some companies, traditional operational databases are not enough. Which of the following explains why?

(all) They can't process large volumes of data in near real time. You need specially trained professionals to oversee them. They are expensive to scale out or up.

Source Documents

- Sales Order: who, what, where, when, and why of each sales order transaction - Picking Slip: what should be in box - Packing Slip: what is in the box - Bill of Lading: summarizes who, what, where, when, and why of the fulfillment of sales order - Sales Invoice: what we shipped and payment needed

Designing schema-on-write database

1. Map reality (Understanding of business process needs) into conceptual model (E-R diagram or Object Oriented graphic) 2. Map conceptual model into logical model 3. Create physical database use DBMS software

Server/Client

physical or virtual machine or software, containing its own operating system and software applications. Client creates data that is stored on server

Extract, Transform and Load describes the stages of

Building a data warehouse

In a database table, rows = ______ columns = ______

rows = records columns = fields

Which of the following is an example of a master file? Payment to Vendor Customer Tax Rate Lookup None of these All of these

Customer

Which of these is a composite attribute? Sales Order Total Customer Address Employee Phone Number Sales Invoice # All of these could be considered composite attributes

Customer Address

Big Data Repositories

schema-on-read approach - Records data as-is, w/o making it conform to particular model or predefined structure - Decide later how to process data once decide how want to read/use it - More flexible, helpful for multiple datasets, eliminates need for upfront modeling - Often referred to as NoSQL (Not only SQL or Not ordinary SQL)

Traditional database

schema-on-write approach (relational) - Define schema (model) of data up front to build structure that will house data (rows&columns like excel) - When data is captured, it is recorded per the specific model - When org wants to read data, access using schema defined up-front

Which of the following is used to build and manage data structures in an information system?

Database Management System

Which of the following is not a typical event in the Procure to Pay business process?

Deliver Goods/Services to Customer

Which of the following is not an information processing event as described in this class?

Distribute

Build data warehouse steps

Extract - Transform - Load (ETL) - Extract: capture data - Transform: clean or "scrub" data - Load: load data

File Types

Master files Transaction files Reference files History (archive) files Suspense files

Are traditional databases enough?

NO 1. Expensive to scale up or out 2. Need specially trained professionals to oversee them 3. Cannot process large volumes of data in near real-time

Order to Cash

sell "things" events 1. Market goods/services to potential or returning customers 2. Negotiate sales order w/ customer (not over price) 3.Select and inspect goods/services to be delivered to customer 4. Prepare goods/services for delivery 5.Deliver goods/services (Point of Sale, now entitled to payment) 6. Receive payment from customer 7. Negotiate terms of, and possibly accept, customer return of goods

Which source document tells me what goods are in the box? Sales Invoice Sales Order None of these are correct Receiving Report Picking Slip

None of these are correct

Which of the following is considered the point of sale in the Order to Cash business process? Receive Payment form Customer Negotiate Sales Order Receive and Inspect Goods Receive Customer Order None of these.

None of these. (Point of sale is on delivery)

________________ combine both data and methods (i.e. instructions for processing the data) into a single processing element.

Objects

What source document is used to authorize the selecting and inspecting of goods?

Picking Slip

Kyle works in the Receiving Department at Jefferson Appliances. When goods are received from suppliers, Kyle inspects them and sends them to the warehouse. He then forwards a copy of the receiving report to Sarah, the account payables clerk in the Accounting Department. When it is time to pay for the goods, Sarah prepares and mails a check to the supplier. From the perspective of Jefferson Appliances, which business process is being described above?

Procure to Pay

RAM

Random Access Memory, processing power

All of the information (name, title, address, phone #) about a particular individual employee is stored in the same ______.

Record

_____________________ contain data awaiting some action to complete their processing.

Suspense Files

With a Schema on Write database, structure is given to my database ________.

Upon creating the database

In regard to Big Data, differences in the types/sources of data (structured, unstructured or semi-structured) are referred to as:

Variety

5 V's of Big Data

Volume - amount of data being created is vast compared to traditional data sources. More of own data (archive,junk,log files), added free/public data, premium service data Variety - Differences in types/sources of data (structured, unstructured, semi structured) Value - additional benefit provided to companies Velocity - Speed at which new data arrives. Today, data generated extremely fast Veracity - Differences in data accuracy/quality. Big data sourced many different places; so you need to test accuracy and quality, usefulness of the data

Hard Drive

storage system

Information systems should be set up to

track a business's reality

Structured data

traditional database which assumes data that will go into tables, so data is structured to fit that model

Router

allows connection to Wi-Fi

Derivable attributes

attribute value can be created using other attributes. In cases where existing attributes can be used to compute or create a desired attribute, do not include the derivable attribute in any physical tables. (ex. Sales total, person's age)

Composite attribute

attribute you likely want to break down into pieces (employee address)

CPU

brain of computer, allows computer hardware to talk to software

Procure to Pay

buy "things" 1. Identify need and possibly internally request the purchase by authorized agent 2. Negotiate purchase order with a vendor 3. Receive and inspect goods/services from a vendor 4. Store and/or maintain goods 5. Pay a vendor for good/services (for business to business) 6. Return goods to a vendor

Unstructured data

can be text or non text. Snapchats, tweets, email, powerpoint, word, JPEG, texts, MP3 audio, video files

Multivalued attributes

can have more than one value at a time (employee skills, education, etc.) separate w/ comma

Data Warehouse

central repository of info. created w/ data from transactional systems, relational databases, and other sources

Source Data Automation (SDA)

collecting data at its point of origin in digital form ·Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) (such as those on checks) ·Bar Code Reader/Scanner ·Optical Character Recognition (OCR) ·Magnetic Strip on credit cards ·Credit card chips ·RFID - radio frequency identification devices ·Touch screens ·Voice recognition & other biometrics devices

Primary Key

column(s) that contain values that uniquely identify each row. good are randomly assigned and allow businesses to identify (Employee ID)

Modem

connects router to internet

Master files

contain balance data or the status of an entity at a point in time. Examples inventory files, customer files, employee files, vendor files, or cash account files (can physically touch)

Transaction files

contain business activity data (i.e., transaction data used to update balances in master files). Ex. order files, billing files, shipping files, and cash receipt files

Suspense files

contain data awaiting some action to complete their processing. Ex. customer payments waiting to be deposited or records identified as incomplete or erroneous that need correction and reentry to complete processing (e-shopping cart)

History (archive) files

contain inactive past or historical data. Ex. tax return files previous years or human resource files of employees who are no longer with the organization

Reference files

contain referential data such as tax rate schedule, volume pricing list, or listing of the general ledger chart of accounts

Semi structured data

has info. associated with it, metadata and tags e.g. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation), data represented as graphs

Motherboard

houses CPU, BIOS, hard drive, and other components

Foreign Key

linked from primary key

Conversion

make new "things" to sell using what they bought or customize them for resale -most diverse of three processes -Assembly, Growing, Excavating, harvesting, steps for services, etc.