Test 1
In the United States, the majority of health care dollars are spent on: a. prescription drugs. b. hospital care. c. physician services. d. public health services (PHSs).
ANS: B
Population-focused practice focuses on defining the problems or needs of and implementing solutions for: a. individuals. b. aggregates. c. communities. d. geographical regions.
ANS: B
The PHN compares the rate of teenage pregnancy in various areas of the city. Which of the core functions of public health is being implemented? a. Assurance b. Assessment c. Prevention d. Policy development
ANS: B
One of the primary focuses of improving the health of the American people in the twenty-first century is to address: a. bioterrorism and global health threats. b. delivery of individual care and hygiene. c. the need for increased hospital and acute care. d. chronic disease and disability management.
ANS: A
The nurse is investigating environmental health problems caused by contaminated ground water. Which of the following types of nursing practice is being used? a. Community-oriented b. Community-based c. Policy development d. Tertiary care
ANS: A
The public health workforce should demonstrate competency in which of the following competency categories? a . Financial planning and management b. Workforce needs assessment c. Acute care services d. Curriculum development
ANS: A
A nurse discusses with legislators the importance of passing legislation to ban smoking in all public places. Which of the following is the nurse becoming involved in? a. Policy b. Politics c. Law d. Health policy
ANS: A
A nurse has identified the boundaries of the community. Which of the following steps should the nurse take next when completing a community assessment? a. Gather relevant existing data and generating missing data b. Plan interventions that benefit the entire community c. Formulate nursing diagnoses d. Evaluate the interventions that were used
ANS: A
A nurse implements a teen pregnancy prevention program in a high school that has been shown to decrease the rate of teen pregnancy. Which of the following best describes the nurse's action? a. Effectiveness b. Efficiency c. Microeconomics d. Production
ANS: A
A nurse is completing a community assessment. Which of the following actions would be most likely for the nurse to complete? a. Identify community needs and clarify problems b. Determine the weaknesses of a community c. Perform the core functions of public health nursing d. Assess individual needs within a community
ANS: A
A nurse schedules an appointment with a physician who has a practice in the community to learn more about the community's beliefs regarding childhood immunizations. Which of the following is being demonstrated? a. Informant interview b. Participant observation c. Active participation d. Windshield survey
ANS: A
A public health department is using the mission of public health as described by the Institute of Medicine when planning its health programming. Which of the following activities will most likely be implemented? a. Tracking avian flu outbreaks and doing surveillance in the United States b. Providing a flu shot for an elderly person at the health department c. Keeping track of alternative therapies in use in the United States d. Keeping snake antivenom at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta
ANS: A
During the time when the Rural Nursing Service was operating through the American Red Cross, a nurse needed to demonstrate resourcefulness. Which of the following tasks would the nurse most likely have done? a. Using hot bricks, salt, or sandbags to substitute for hot water bottles b. Testing well water for pollutants c. Teaching school and developing curricula for rural nursing programs d. Providing post-surgical care
ANS: A
States have certain continuing education requirements for persons to renew a nursing license. Which of the following best describes the type of law that is being used? a. Constitutional law b. Legislation and regulation c. Judicial and common law d. Police power
ANS: B
The purpose of public health core functions is to: a. clarify the role of the government in fulfilling the mission of public health. b. ensure the safety of populations in receiving quality health care. c. provide community-based individualized care to every person in the United States. d. unite public and private providers of care in a comprehensive approach to providing health care.
ANS: A
When a health care organization's fees for delivery of services are not decided until after they are provided, it is called: a. retrospective reimbursement. b. prospective reimbursement. c. fee-for-service. d. capitation.
ANS: A
Which of the following best describes one of the health trends that occurred in the United States between 1900 and 1955? a. There was a rise in chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. b. There was a rise in communicable disease. c. The crude mortality rate increased dramatically. d. The life span after diagnosis remained the same.
ANS: A
Which statement regarding poverty and health insurance is true? a. Millions of people in the United States are without health insurance. b. The poor in the United States are as healthy as persons with higher incomes. c. Persons with money or health insurance are less likely to seek health care. d. The poor are more likely to receive health care through private agencies.
ANS: A
PHNs are looking to improve population-focused care in the community. Which of the following best describes a key opportunity for the nurses to accomplish this goal? a. Assuming traditional nursing roles b. Influencing public health policy c. Conducting community assessments d. Specializing in community-based nursing practice
ANS: B
A Medicare recipient has elected to pay a monthly premium for Medicare that will cover expenses, such as laboratory services and equipment. Which of the following parts of Medicare is being described? a. Part A b. Part B c. Part C d. Part D
ANS: B
A PHN has been prepared at the graduate level. Which of the following activities should the practitioner be able to complete? a. Teach public and community health nursing b. Assess and intervene successfully at the aggregate level c. Diagnose and treat disease and have prescriptive authority d. Run for political office as experts in public health policy
ANS: B
A community health nurse is conducting informant interviews in a small community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely contact? a. The state department of health for death records b. A local priest for congregation information c. Surrounding communities for crime comparison d. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for illnesses in the area
ANS: B
A nurse believes that all Americans should receive basic health care services. Which of the following core functions supports this belief? a. Assessment b. Assurance c. Policy development d. Advocacy
ANS: B
A nurse centers his practice around the principle of doing the greatest good for the greatest number. Which of the following ethical principles is being applied? a. Distributive justice b. Utilitarianism c. Social justice d. Health disparities
ANS: B
A nurse has collected data about the services available in the community and is using the seven "A"s to evaluate these services. Which of the following questions will the nurse most likely ask? a. Can the community members allocate resources to support the service? b. Can the community members afford the service? c. Will the community members allow strategies to be implemented to improve the service? d. Will the community members approve of the services provided?
ANS: B
A nurse is engaging in the evaluation phase of community health program planning. Which of the following would be part of effective completion of this phase? a. Demonstrate the ability to improve the health of the participants b. Develop measureable objectives and goals before implementation c. Encourage full participation by community members d. Improve the health of the population through the program
ANS: B
A nurse is implementing community-based nursing care. Which of the following nursing interventions is the nurse most likely to complete? a. Assessing the health needs of a defined community b. Providing care to families in a community c. Promoting the health of an entire community d. Investigating environmental health problems in a community
ANS: B
A nurse is using health status indicators to complete a community assessment. Which of the following best explains what the nurse is doing? a. Interviewing key informants in the community b. Examining morbidity and mortality rates in the community c. Surveying local businesses in the community d. Observing community members
ANS: B
A nurse is working in a public health nursing setting. Which of the following best describes why this specialty is appealing to nurses? a. Interactions with wealthy contributors to secure funding b. Autonomy and independence of practice c. Ability to locate the source of diseases and cure patients d. Opportunities to meet a variety of people
ANS: B
A nurse is writing a nursing diagnosis at the community level using the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) system as a guide. Which of the following diagnoses would most likely be developed? a. Risk of hypertension related to poor diet and sedentary lifestyle b. Risk of obesity among school-age children related to lack of opportunities to engage in physical activity c. Risk of ineffective health maintenance among individuals who do not have access to a primary care provider d. Ineffective coping related to multiple stressors, as evidenced by client crying and stating she has no support system
ANS: B
A nurse refers to the Code of Ethics for Nurses or the Public Health Code of Ethics. Which of the following describes why the nurse has referred to this document? a. To provide answers for ethical dilemmas b. To guide professional practice related to ethics c. To increase moral leadership in ethics d. To find a framework for ethical decision making
ANS: B
A nurse researcher wants to get information on the occurrence of an internationally important disease. Which of the following websites would be the best place to seek this information? a. The United Nations b. The WHO c. The World Bank d. The World Health Assembly
ANS: B
A nurse supported the passage of needlestick legislation. Which of the following best describes the role of employers because of this legislation? a. Use Universal Precautions when dealing with all patients b. Select safer needle devices as they became available c. Provide needle disposal boxes d. Incinerate all infectious waste, including needles
ANS: B
A nursing program has initiated a recruitment campaign focusing on increasing the minority students in its program. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this program? a. The number of minority versus non-minority nurses should be equal. b. Minority health care professionals who share the same culture with the clients may provide more effective care. c. The profession should be more diverse. d. Minority nurses can mentor other nurses when providing care for diverse populations.
ANS: B
An orderly process that considers ethical principles, client values, and professional obligations is: a. moral distress. b. ethical decision making. c. a value. d. a code of ethics.
ANS: B
Current threats to health in the United States that community health nurses are faced include: a. diphtheria, cholera, and hepatitis. b. HIV, H1N1 influenza, and bioterrorism. c. avian flu, tuberculosis (TB), and radiation. d. polluted water and air.
ANS: B
The allocation of scarce resources within the health care sector and the focus on resource allocation issues related to producing and distributing health care is called: a. economics. b. health economics. c. public health economics. d. microeconomic theory.
ANS: B
The first phase of development of the health care system was characterized by: a. the rise in technology. b. epidemics of infectious disease, such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria. c. physicians and nurses who attained their skills in scientifically based programs. d. an expansion of hospital clinics and long-term care facilities.
ANS: B
When a third-party payer establishes the amount of money that will be paid for the delivery of a particular service before offering the service to the client, it is called: a. retrospective reimbursement. b. prospective reimbursement. c. fee-for-service. d. capitation.
ANS: B
Which statement about the reimbursement of health services for nurses is accurate? a. Reimbursement for health care services can be directed only to physicians. b. Nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists are reimbursed for Medicare Part B services. c. Nursing care is a separate budget item in determining hospital service costs. d. Nursing care is reimbursed separately from medical care in outpatient settings.
ANS: B
or simply HHS) goals is being applied? a. Strengthen Health Care b. Advance the Health, Safety, and Well-being of the American People c. Increase Efficiency, Transparency, Accountability, and Effectiveness of HHS Programs d. Advance Scientific Knowledge and Innovation
ANS: B
A community health nurse is utilizing telehealth. Which of the following best describes the rationale for its use? a. Enables clients to get nursing care in their homes b. Substitutes for health department delivered care c. Improves access to care in rural areas d. Replaces face-to-face care for those who cannot afford it
ANS: C
A community is concerned about the threat of bioterrorism. Which of the following best describes the basis for this concern? a. Bioterrorism has the potential to dissolve community-based programs. b. This threat could cause the health care system to collapse. c. The threat of bioterrorism may divert funds from other public safety health care programs. d. Fear of bioterrorism will increase the need for shelters.
ANS: C
A nurse discusses services with a federal congressman. Which of the following services would the nurse most likely be discussing? a. Family planning b. Counseling c. Policy making d. Prevention of communicable diseases
ANS: C
A nurse has used the steps of the ethical decision-making process when making a decision. Which of the following is most similar to this process? a. Healthy People 2010 b. Deontology c. The nursing process d. Advocacy
ANS: C
A nurse interviews the school nurses in a community to determine their roles in schools because this data is not available. Which of the following processes is the nurse using? a. Photovoice b. Spatial data c. Primary data d. Secondary data
ANS: C
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney failure and is on dialysis. The nurse recognizes that this client is eligible for which of the following? a. Medicaid b. Blue Cross c. Medicare d. HMO
ANS: C
A nurse is demonstrating advocacy in his nursing practice. Which of the following actions best demonstrates this principle? a. Offering a smoking cessation program b. Screening for hypertension c. Lobbying for health care reform d. Conducting home visits
ANS: C
A nurse is exploring a job opportunity at a community health center. Which of the following expectations would the nurse have about the center? a. Would be located in a large metropolitan area b. Provides care only to the economically disadvantaged c. Offers comprehensive primary care services and supportive services d. Is used for preventive services such as flu shots
ANS: C
A nurse is promoting efficiency within the public health department. Which of the following describes the action the nurse would be taking? a. Evaluating how well a program of service achieves what was intended b. Trying new products provided by sales representatives c. Using time wisely by delegating non-nursing tasks to unlicensed care providers d. Setting up a clinic to look aesthetically pleasing to clients
ANS: C
A nurse is sued for malpractice and goes to court. Which of the following types of law is being used? a. Constitutional b. Common c. Judicial d. Institutional
ANS: C
A nurse is working in a state health department. Which of the following programs would the nurse most likely be working with? a. Senior health b. Dental services c. HIV/AIDS service d. Mental health
ANS: C
A nurse lives in a community that demonstrates commitment. Which of the following would most likely be supported within this community? a. Creation of a community club by the city council to facilitate community involvement b. Collaboration among area restaurant owners to develop healthier menus c. Collaboration with the health department to build a new recreation center d. Development of a cooperative agreement with a neighboring city to share needed services
ANS: C
A nurse performs activities to meet the primary goals of public health. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to complete? a. Ensuring that a newly diagnosed 40-year-old hypertensive man takes his medication b. Finding home care for a 70-year-old client recuperating from a hip replacement c. Conducting an infant car seat safety check d. Contacting a local hospice to admit a terminally ill 60-year-old woman
ANS: C
A nurse provides for the availability of essential personal health services for people who would otherwise not receive health care. Which of the public health core functions is being used? a. Assessment b. Prevention c. Assurance d. Policy development
ANS: C
A nurse works to promote the passage of a public health law to protect the health of the community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely be promoting? a. Requiring all persons to have health insurance coverage b. Administering flu shots in the late fall and early winter c. Mandating immunizations for all children entering kindergarten d. Monitoring and licensing nuclear power plants
ANS: C
A nurse would like to propose legislation requiring all schools to employ a registered nurse. Which of the following would be the first step taken as the nurse implements the legislative process? a. Introducing the bill to the legislature b. Moving the bill to the other house c. Developing the policy option into a bill d. Hearings, testimony, and lobbying
ANS: C
A nursing student interviews a member of the local congressional district to learn more about the health care system in the United States. Which statement made by the congressman would be accurate? a. "Managed care was short-lived because too many consumer groups endorsed the plans." b. "Under managed care, clients had unlimited access to providers of their choice." c. "Managed care failed because Americans were used to free access to providers of their choice." d. "Managed care in the United States has been replaced by the Affordable Health Care for America Act."
ANS: C
A population is best defined as a: a. high-risk group. b. those interacting within a school or institutional setting. c. collection of individuals who share at least one common characteristic. d. geographical location within a community.
ANS: C
A public health department makes sure that the essential community-oriented health services are available in the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being implemented? a. Policy development b. Assessment c. Assurance d. Scientific knowledge-based care
ANS: C
An 80-year-old woman comes to the community health center with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which statement is the best response by the nurse? a. "Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete." b. "You can get these medicines at this clinic for free." c. "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to pay for these medications. I will refer you to our social worker." d. "These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them."
ANS: C
PHC in the United States: a. has dramatically improved since the passage of the Declaration of Alma Ata. b. focuses on the use of government-funded insurance programs. c. lacks community participation and a multidisciplinary health care delivery team. d. utilizes Preferred Provider Organizations to meet needs of the citizens.
ANS: C
The PHN analyzes data related to the number and type of United States Environmental Protection Agency air quality standards that a community failed to meet. This data is an example of using which community health profile indicator? a. Sociodemographic characteristics b. Health status c. Health risk factor d. Functional status
ANS: C
The practices of physicians, nurses, and other health care providers are differentiated by which of the following? a. Health Resource and Services Administration (HRSA) b. State board of nursing c. Scope of practice d. USDHHS
ANS: C
The public health nurse (PHN) must participate in the essential services of public health. Which of the following most accurately describes one of the essential services of public health? a. Monitoring health status by completing a community assessment b. Diagnosing and investigating health problems in the world c. Informing, educating, and empowering people about health issues d. Working in law enforcement to regulate health and ensure safety
ANS: C
There are two medically indigent clients in the clinic who have come to get their monthly supply of free insulin. There is only enough for one client. Which of the following actions would the nurse take first? a. Identify all options b. Make a decision c. Gather additional information d. Act and assess decisions made
ANS: C
Which service would be covered under Medicare Part A? a. Blood draw to assess prothrombin time (PT)/International Normalized Ratio (INR) b. Physical therapy visit c. Stay in skilled nursing facility d. Transportation by an ambulance
ANS: C
A PHN became involved in health care reform. Which of the following best describes the purpose of this action? a. Promote the nursing profession b. Increase funding for public health nursing c. Address the concerns of nurses d. Improve health care access and reduce health care costs
ANS: D
A PHN develops and implements local public health policies through partnerships with agencies, organizations, and consumers within the community. Which of the following core public health functions is being used? a. Assessment b. Prevention c. Assurance d. Policy development
ANS: D
A collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common is the definition of a(n): a. community. b. group. c. family. d. aggregate.
ANS: D
A nurse is conducting vision screenings on children in the school setting. Which type of nursing practice is the nurse performing? a. Community-oriented b. Public health c. Community health d. Community-based
ANS: D
A nurse is working for the federal government to provide for the protection of the public's health. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely complete? a. Interpreting decisions related to women's right to privacy b. Setting up immunization clinics for smallpox vaccine c. Regulating nursing at the state level d. Monitoring the influx of disease at the borders
ANS: D
A public health nurse applies the principles of the macroeconomics theory when working with a community. Which of the following best describes why this theory would be used? a. The nurse is concerned with factors that determine prices and affect resource allocation. b. The nurse is concerned with the positive effect of competitiveness on health care costs. c. The nurse is concerned with the supply, demand, and costs of services available to their clients. d. The nurse is concerned with the policies to support programs to improve the health of the community.
ANS: D
The growing multiculturalism of American society can contribute to ethnicity conflicts when: a. providing care to different cultural groups. b. individual values align with the cultural norms. c. ethnic groups overburden the health care system. d. the greater community's values are jeopardized by specific ethnic values.
ANS: D
The number of uninsured Americans has dramatically increased because: a. Medicare took over payment of health care costs. b. with a declining population, the costs for health care rose. c. nursing salaries greatly increased, causing health care costs to rise. d. health insurance coverage was dropped from employment-based health plans.
ANS: D
The nurse manager who makes sure that the staff members who work in a local clinic are competent is demonstrating the public health core function of: a.Assurance b.Assessment c.Prevention d.Policy development
a. Assurance
An expected action by the Department of Homeland Security would be: a. Prevention and protection against terrorist attacks b. Regulation of licensure of medical personnel c. Inspection of the safety of food and cosmetics d. Regulation of managed care organizations
a. Prevention and protection against terrorist attacks
The primary purpose of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to: a. provide public health care services to everyone. b. prevent outbreaks of disease. c. prevent the transmittal of communicable disease among nations of the world. d. provide humanitarian support in times of disaster.
a. provide public health care services to everyone.
When conducting informant interviews in a small community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely contact? a. The state department of health for death records b. A local priest for congregation information c. Surrounding communities for crime comparison d. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for illnesses in the area
b. A local priest for congregation information
The PHN compares the rate of teenage pregnancy in various areas of the city. Which of the core functions of public health is being implemented? a. Assurance b. Assessment c. Prevention d. Policy development
b. Assessment
Which core function supports the belief that all Americans should receive basic health care services. a. Assessment b. Assurance c. Policy development d. Advocacy
b. Assurance
A key opportunity for public health nurse to improve popluation-focused care is by: a. Assuming traditional nursing roles b. Influencing public health policy c. Conducting community assessments d. Specializing in community-based nursing practice
b. Influencing public health policy
A community that has residents who are very involved in its activities and encourage activities that promote the health of the community displays which condition of community competence? a. Commitment b. Participation c. Articulateness d. Effective communication
b. Participation
A nurse cares for the community as the client when focusing on: a. Providing care for aggregates living in the community b. The collective good of the population c. The provision of care for families in the home setting d. Providing health education in the community
b. The collective good of the population
A public health nurse is collecting data about the biological aspects of community health. What data will the nurse collect? a. Race/ethnicity b. Traditional morbidity and mortality rates c. Policy making and social change d. Homicide rates
b. Traditional morbidity and mortality rates
Providing for the availability of essential personal health services for people who would otherwise not receive health care defines which public health core function? a.Assessment b.Prevention c.Assurance d.Policy development
c. Assurance
A nurse lives in a community that demonstrates commitment. Which of the following would most likely be supported within this community? a. Creation of a community club by the city council to facilitate community involvement b. Collaboration among area restaurant owners to develop healthier menus c. Collaboration with the health department to build a new recreation center d. Development of a cooperative agreement with a neighboring city to share needed services
c. Collaboration with the health department to build a new recreation center
Which is an example of the primary goal of public health? a. Ensuring that a newly diagnosed 40-year-old hypertensive man takes his medication b. Finding home care for a 70-year-old client recuperating from a hip replacement c. Conducting an infant car seat safety check d. Contacting a local hospice to admit a terminally ill 60-year-old woman
c. Conducting an infant car seat safety check
A community health nurse reviews Healthy People 2020 when considering the health needs that will be addressed in the community. Which goal would the nurse find in this document? a. Promote healthy behaviors for children b. Cure cancer c. Eliminate health disparities d. Provide primary care to all citizens
c. Eliminate health disparities
What initiative began as a result of a resolution adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1977? a. Declaration of Alma Ata b. Medicare c. Healthy People d. Primary health care movement
d. Primary health care movement
Which statement about feminist ethics is correct? a. Feminists include only women in their worldview. b. Persons who ascribe to feminist ethics are passive and wish to pursue their ideals through the legislative process. c. Feminists believe that men should not be nurses. d. Women's thinking and moral experiences are important and should be taken into account.
d. Women's thinking and moral experiences are important and should be taken into account.
