test 2 intro to business

________ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state.

A need

Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory?

A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated.

Which of the following is an example of an operational plan?

A work group at a large computer plant is assigned a weekly production quota to ensure there are sufficient products available to elevate market share and ultimately help the firm be number one in its product category.

________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself.

Behavior modification

________ is an element in planning that deals with potential disasters such as product tampering, oil spills, fire, earthquake, computer viruses, or a reputation crisis.

Contingency planning

________ refer to the ability of an individual to think in abstract terms and to see how parts fit together to form the whole.

Conceptual skills

Which of the following is a problem created by increased access to the Internet at work?

Employees may abuse company e-mail and Internet access.

Hunter owns an app development firm. Though the company started small, the business has grown substantially with more people and greater specialization. What does growth like this require in terms of structure?

Growth requires developing a formal structure to function efficiently.

Tombe manages a small print shop. In fact, this business is so small that Tombe is the only manager. What level manager is he?

He assumes the responsibilities of all three levels.

Which of the following is true of decentralization?

It is characteristic of organizations that operate in complex environments.

Which of the following is true of the transformation process in operations management?

It is the conversion of resources, such as labor, money, materials, and energy, into goods, services, or ideas.

Which of the following is a drawback of centralization?

It may take a long time for an organization as a whole to implement decisions and respond to changes and problems on a regional scale.

Which of the following is true of modular design as an operations process?

It raises the cost of repair materials because the component itself is expensive.

Joss and Kevin are both managers at a furniture store. Joss oversees the living room furniture, bedroom furniture, and office furniture departments. Kevin provides each of these departments with advice and support in the areas of finance and human resources. Which of the following is true regarding Joss and Kevin's roles in the company?

Joss is a line manager, while Kevin is a staff manager.

Which of the following accurately describes the difference between the terms "operations" and "production"?

Operations includes processes used in the making of both tangible and intangible products, whereas production is related only to tangible products.

Which of the following statements is true of the management function of organizing?

Organizing helps create synergy, whereby the effect of a whole system equals more than that of its parts.

Anastasia manages a quick-service restaurant that employs several team members including shift leaders, cashiers, cooks, and dishwashers. Which of the following is a hygiene factor Anastasia can use to ensure that her employees are satisfied with their work setting?

She can provide adequate wages.

Evelyn manages a high-end Italian restaurant downtown. One evening while checking on guests, she overhears a group of customers complaining about how slow the service is. Which of the following is the most effective control action Evelyn can take to resolve the problem?

She can watch her employees work to determine the cause of the problem and then respond appropriately.

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of service businesses?

The degree of variation of inputs and outputs is high.

Which of the following is true of self-directed work teams?

They are designed to give employees a feeling of ownership of a whole job.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of matrix structures?

They are generally expensive and quite complex.

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of continuous-manufacturing organizations using a product layout?

They produce a large number of units.

Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

They shift their focus from high-level esteem needs to the need for security.

Which of the following is an effective practice with regard to tactical plans?

They should be periodically reviewed and updated by an organization's management.

Alan and Hiten are crafting their company's mission statement. Hiten wants to make sure the mission statement mentions that their target market is disabled veterans. Which of the five basic questions an organization's mission statement seeks to answer does this address?

Who are our customers?

An organization that creates many products with similar characteristics using assembly lines would most likely be categorized as _____ organization.

a continuous-manufacturing

Rob, a senior manager at a structural engineering firm, discusses an assignment with his team. Christopher volunteers to take on the project, accepting the assignment and the authority to carry it out. Now, Christopher is answerable to Rob for the outcome. This refers to

accountability

A cell phone factory can produce a maximum of 37,000 phones of each day. This refers to the ________ of the manufacturing unit.

capacity

Big Time Inc. has an independent, permanent work group that develops and revises codes of ethics, suggests ways the organization can contribute to preserving the environment, and regularly reviews other specific issues and concerns within the organization. This is an example of a

committee.

Crisis management plans generally cover maintaining business operations during a crisis and

communicating with others about the situation and the company's response to the crisis.

A third-party logistics firm employs specialized a computer system to actually guide and control the transformation process of inputs into outputs. This refers to

computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM).

Isabella discovered the assemblers at her company's electric vehicle manufacturing facility were taking 20 percent longer to complete a vehicle than the company standards. She met with the director of the company to discuss how to correct the activities to keep the organization on course. Isabella was involved in the management function of

controlling.

MedPlus, a medical device company, has different representatives to assist business clients and individual consumers. This is an example of ________ departmentalization.

customer

Krisha manages a small sales team at a candle company. To motivate the team toward achieving organizational objectives, she promises a raise to the person with the best sales numbers. This relates to the management function of

directing.

Maria, a senior manager at a pet food company, gives the employees in her department the power to make commitments and use resources to accomplish the assigned tasks. Which of the following concepts does this illustrate?

delegation of authority

Diya, a senior finance manager for a chain of sporting goods stores, informs her subordinates of the organization's new policies and code of conduct. This is an example of ________ communication.

downward

Priya manages a team of salespeople. At the end of each year, Priya gives her employees performance reviews to let them know what they are doing well, what they need to improve, and their annual raise amount. This is a form of ________ communication.

downward

What is the rationale for specialization?

efficiency

Sydnee calls a meeting with all of her employees. She announced they now have the ability to take on responsibilities and make decisions about their jobs. This is an example of

employee empowerment.

Conrad is a regional sales manager for a cosmetics company. He's emotionally invested his work and is committed to the success of his sales team. Conrad can be described as

engaged

Duncan, a sales director, creates a goal-setting program for his company. In the program, sales managers work with each sales representative to set personalized goals. If goals are met at the end of each quarter, the employee receives a small bonus and is recognized in the company's monthly newsletter. If goals are met every quarter during the year, the employee is eligible for a raise. This is an example of a job ________ program.

enrichment

Lionel and Maliyah were hired as cashiers at the same time and had similar backgrounds. After Lionel learned that Maliyah was paid $1.50 more per hour, he decided to take longer lunch breaks and leave early because he thought the pay was unfair. This scenario demonstrates which of the following management theories?

equity theory

The ________ style of leadership can be a powerful motivator because it demonstrates a great deal of trust and confidence in an employee and allows employees to meet their work demands with little or no interference.

free-rein

Mega Corp. has departments for marketing, sales, finance, customer service, human resources, and production. Mega Corp. is organized by

function.

Small businesses commonly employ ________ departmentalization.

functional

Ramiro works as a customer service agent for a cosmetics company. In addition to taking orders over the phone, Ramiro is encouraged to make relevant product suggestions to customers in order to increase their order totals. Ramiro's boss wants him to do this successfully with at least half of his calls which motivates Ramiro to improve his performance. This scenario most directly demonstrates

goal-setting theory.

At a theme park, guests expect to see their favorite cartoon characters throughout the park. The park's employees who dress up as the characters are expected to remain in character at all times, even if a crisis occurs. The employees sign autograph books and pose for photos with children. What type of service does this theme park provide?

high-contact

The term ________ refers to all raw materials, components, completed or partially completed products, and pieces of equipment a firm uses.

inventory

Alpha Cut, a company that makes lawnmowers, has a small warehouse, so the company's procurement department orders small quantities of materials as and when they are required. This scenario best illustrates

just-in-time inventory management.

Minimizing inventory by providing an almost continuous flow of items from suppliers to the production facility is referred to as

just-in-time inventory management.

Christopher is a technician for a local cable company. He visits about 20 new customers per day to install equipment, so he interacts with a lot of customers who often have an array of questions to ask. Christopher's job is

labor-intensive.

Cadence Electronics is determining the demand for wireless earbuds, a new product it is considering for development, and how much consumers are willing to pay for them. For this, Cadence Electronics would most likely rely on

marketing research.

A natural soda company has profit as an objective. This means the company wants to have

money and assets left over after paying off business expenses.

Paulo, a well-known human resource manager, gives a speech at a national human resources conference about the inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals. Paulo's speech is about

motivation

Carly attends a meetup for structural engineers once a month. She builds relationships and shares information with colleagues who can help her achieve the items on her agenda. What is this process called?

networking

For manufacturers, measuring productivity is fairly straightforward because

of the tangibility of their output.

Tactical plans usually cover a period of

one year or less.

Petra owns a pizza shop. Guests can build their own custom pizzas using a variety of ingredients such as pepperoni, mushrooms, and green peppers. From an operations perspective, the pizza he sells to customers is a(n)

output.

Claudia and Giada own an online store that sells wall clocks. From an operations perspective, the clocks they build are

outputs.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first?

physiological needs

Trent is a marketing manager for a large textbook publisher. What is his primary responsibility?

planning, pricing, and promoting products and overseeing their distribution

A special type of project team that focuses on devising, designing, and implementing a new product is a

product-development team.

Which of the following is a basis for using a matrix structure within an organization?

projects

Mallory is responsible for acquiring raw materials for a furniture company such as wood, nails, screws, and paint. Mallory is responsible for

purchasing.

Which of the following teams consists of fairly small groups of workers brought together to address specific quality, service, or productivity problems within an organization?

quality-assurance teams

Which of the following is the first step in decision making?

recognizing and defining the decision situation

Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it

reduces the total number of hours that employees work.

High morale contributes to high

returns to stakeholders.

Maddox was part of the group of workers at the Hawthorne Works Plant of Western Electric Company that was studied in 1924 by Elton Mayo and a team of researchers. During the study, which measured worker productivity under various physical conditions, Maddox's productivity increased. When the researchers asked Maddox about his behavior, he most likely expressed

satisfaction because his supervisor had asked for his help and cooperation in the study.

According to Herzberg's theory, the absence of which of the following factors may be a potential source of dissatisfaction and high turnover?

security

Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. Which need is Diego trying to meet?

self-actualization needs

Vanessa reviews her robotics company's strategic plans and decides to design and implement a plan to introduce three new accessories for its core product within the next six months to keep the organization on course. This is an example of a(n)

tactical plan.

Jumping Jacks Fitness has a particular change that needs to be developed and then implemented. The president establishes a temporary group of employees chosen for their expertise who will be responsible for bringing about this change. What is this type of group called?

task force

Which of the following is a popular method of scheduling materials that identifies all the major activities or events required to complete a project, arranges them in a sequence or path, determines the critical path, and estimates the time required for each event?

the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Lori sells custom earrings on Etsy and has two employees, Wayne and Russell. To improve productivity, Lori breaks down each job into its component tasks, determines the best way to perform each task, and specifies the output to be achieved by Wayne and Russell when performing the task. Lori links Wayne and Russell's pay to their output, paying them $1 per earring. However, if they produce more than 100 units in a day, they receive an additional $0.50 per earring. This scenario relates to

the classical theory of motivation.

Meg and Juan are the CEOs of a new ice cream company. Together, they write a declaration of the company's fundamental purpose and basic philosophy. This is known as

the mission.

Maslow's theory maintains that

the more basic needs must be satisfied before higher-level goals can be pursued.

Frederick Herzberg proposed

the two-factor theory.

Nicholas is a nail technician and massage therapist at a local salon. He gives manicures to two customers in the same day. The manicures are slightly different from each other. This relates to the difference between service providers and manufacturers in terms of

uniformity of output.

Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. Aliyah is likely to assume that

workers will exercise self-direction and self-control.