TEST 3

according to the national institutes of health, a BMI of over _____ is considered obese.

30

once children reach the age of ___ years, IQ scores start to become good predictors of future IQ

7 or 8

intellectual disability is diagnosed in people who do not only have an IQ score below ____ but also have difficulty adapting to the routine demands of independent living.

70

on American college campuses, acquaintance rapes account for what percent of all rapes or attempted rapes?

84%

a statistical measure of the direction and strength of the linear relationship between two variables is called?

a correlation coefficient

a problem-solving strategy that involves following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number solutions is known as _________?

a heuristic

the smallest unit of language that carries meaning is known as which of the following?

a morpheme

the text defines intelligence as the mental abilities necessary to do which of the following?

adapt to and shape the environment

Aisha is 3 years old and is in the process of being potty trained by her father. she is in Sigmund freuds _____ stage

anal

which type of intelligence is required to solve familiar problems and to judge the quality of ideas?

analytical

which type of tests are designed to predict a persons capacity for learning?

aptitude tests

according to the text, what is the term for the process using existing schemas to deal with information encountered in the world?

assimilation

the use of the word piggy refer to not only pigs but also other animals, such as cows or horses, is an example of which of the following?

assimilation

at what age would you expect your child to start verbalizing morpheme sounds?

at around 18 months of age

which of the following is a brain disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction which may be partly caused by malfunctioning mirror neurons?

autism

the tendency to judge the frequency or probability of an event in terms of how easy it is to think of examples of that event is called the _______?

availability heuristic

very few of the gifted individuals on Lewis Terman's study did which of the following?

became the best and brightest members of their generation

why is it that the babbles of young children sound the same no matter where in the world they are raised?

because all cultures use exactly the same phonemes in their language

according to the evolutionary perspective, why is a cautious approach in sexual matters the best sexual strategy for women to adopt?

because of women biological limitations in the area of sexual reproduction

sigmund freud believed gender differences in behavior were largely due to _____, while Karen Horney claimed they were due to ______.

biological factors; social and cultural factors

which of the following group feels the least pressure to conform unrealistic standards of thinness in today's culture?

black homosexual women

the nine intelligences proposed by Gardner include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, naturalist, interpersonal, interpersonal, existential and?

bodily-kinesthetic

what do Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg have in common?

both believe that there are multiple intelligences

which of the following is the brain condition that impairs ones ability to speak and use word, phrases, and sentences to convey information?

broca's aphasia

according to your textbook, how is a persons sexual orientation primarily determined?

by sexual feelings

deaf infants pay more attention to _______ than to the more rapid, fluid signing typically used between adults.

child-directed signing

the tendency to seek information that supports our beliefs while ignoring disconfirming information is known as the ________?

confirmation bias

finding something that you love to do is one of the six steps recommended in the text for increasing your?

creativity

which of the following is a possible explanation for why Japanese children outscore U.S. children academically?

doing well in school is a higher priority in Japan

According to drive-reduction theory, an imbalance in homeostasis creates a physiological need, which in turn produces a(n) _____, defined as a physiological state of arousal that moves the organism to meet the need.

drive

in childrearing, the attachment system functions to do which of the following?

enhance a child's reliance on its parents

the claims made by Richard Bernstein and Charles Murray in their book 'The Bell Curve" Intelligence and Class structure in American Life are very similar to the ideas advanced in which movement?

eugenics

what is the first stage of the sexual response cycle?

excitement

the two factors that seem to underlie the desire to succeed found in those with a high need for achievement are ___ and ___

experience; parental encouragement

working in the homeless shelter because it looks good on your college application even though you dont really want to spend time doing this is an example of what type of motivation?

extrinsic

Andrea has been eating take-out for lunch for years. recently, she has notices that she has been gaining weight, even though she has always ordered the same thing. according to resent eating and nutrition, what may be a possible cause for Andreas weight gain?

fast-food restaurants have increased their average portion size

of the following, which term used to describe the mental capacity to learn or invent new strategies for dealing with new kinds of problems?

fluid intelligence

how many phonemes are contained in the word table?

four

the tendency to think of objects as operating in constant and unchanging ways and ignoring other less obvious ways in which they might be used is known as _______?

functional fixedness

when the stomach begins to get swollen from eating, it causes a release of the hormone ______ that, among other actions, signals the pancreas to begin releasing insulin, a hormone that, among other actions, decreases appetite.

gherlin

which of the following best supports the position that gender socialization is responsible for the differences in verbal ability between females and males?

girls receive more encouragement to talk during infancy

which of the following was true for those who chose to work with Sigmund freud?

he demanded stick obedience from his followers

the drive-reduction theory is baed on what concept?

homeostasis

which of the following states that our performance tends to suffer when we are at too high or too low of a level of arousal?

hulls drive reduction theory

if you were arguing with a friend about the major difference between the communications used by human beings and that used by animals, which of the following would be your strongest point?

humans can discuss what happened long ago, in the future, or what is currently happening far away

what does factor analysis of a statistical technique allow researchers to do?

identify clusters of variables or test items that correlate with one another

according to cross-cultural research using conventional achievement measures, which culture exhibits higher achievement motivation?

individual culture

which blood hormone in increased levels leads to decreased hunger and when the hormone drops, leads to increased hunger?

insulin

which type of intelligence identifies the ability to interact well socially and to reliably predict others' motives and behavior?

interpersonal

a behavior or an activity that a person perceives as a valued goal in its own right represents a source of ______ motivation.

intrinsic

research suggests that the most people tend to be most productive and creative when they are ____ motivated.

intrinsically

after reviewing all the evidence, psychologists have estimated that heredity accounts for ___% of the variation in intelligence, and environment accounts for ___%.

just over 50, just under 50

according to the Whorf-Spair hypothesis ______

language determines thinking

although the goal of _______ in schools is to integrate students with intellectual problems in a normal classroom environment, the reality is thatch students are often teased and ridiculed by other students in such settings.

mainstreaming

the rules used in language to communicate the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences are known as?

morphology

the study of motivation is essential the study of?

motion

what do psychoanalytic theory and humanistic theory have in common?

neither has produced a substantial body of testable hypothesis

during sigmund freuds _____ stage, babies derive a great deal of pleasure from sucking, biting, and chewing.

oral

Alfred alders individual psychology introduced the idea that particularly insecure people _____ to overcome feelings of inferiority

overcompensate

sigmund freud proposed that castration anxiety occurs during which stage?

phallic

the smallest significant sound units in speech are known as which of the following?

phonemes

which of the following is the process by which the id seeks to immediately satisfy its current desire?

pleasure principle

"street smart" is another name for Robert Sternberg's _______?

practical intelligence

the degree to which a test predicts what it supposedly measure is referred to as the ____ of a test.

predictive validity

which defense mechanism involves quite serious distortions of others motivations?

projection

after Joe is passed over for a promotion at his job, he convinced himself that he didn't really want the extra responsibility anyways and that the pay increased wouldn't have made a difference in his life. Sigmund Freud would say that Joe seems to be using which defense mechanism?

rationalization

during Sigmund frauds genital stage, issues of the first three psychosexual stages ______

reemerge and can be reworked to a certain extent

which stage of the sexual response cycle is characterized by the relaxation of muscles and the release of excess blood by the engorged genital blood vessels?

retraction

which needs involve striving for a sense of security and predictability in life?

safety

individuals who demonstrate exceptional ability to one specific intellectual are while being relatively limited in all other areas are known as?

savants

according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs would you try to satisfy last?

self-actualization needs

which term do researchers use when they speak about a level of weight that the body works to maintain?

set point

Galton's assessment battery included measurements of sensory abilities and reaction time, as well as measurements of ______ and _____?

sleep duration; body mass index BMI

what is the verbal use of language called?

speech

using his test, Joseph Fagan found that babies between the ages of 2 and 7 months tended to score higher on intelligence tests when they were older if they did which of the following?

spent less time looking at all stimuli

you are an African American student, fully aware of the negative cultural stereotypes about you're races intellectual abilities. you feel extra pressure while taking the SAT because you realize that if you fail to perform well, you might confirm these negative stereotypes. you are experiencing what psychologists call _____?

stereotype threat

the sentences "the waiter brought the dessert tray" and "the dessert tray was brought by the waiter" have different _______?

surface structures

which of the following hormones is most closely linked to sexual desire?

testosterone

Alfred Binet did not believe which of the following?

that has intelligence test may not accurate measure intelligence in people from other countries

the tendency for peoples performance on IQ tests to improve from one generation to the next is referred to as?

the Flynn effect

what is a major communication difference between collectivist and individualist cultures?

the direct versus indirect expression of personal needs and feeligns

according to Sigmund freud, which of the following is associated with secondary-process thinking?

the ego

the NEO-PI-R measures personality differences based on which of the following?

the five-factor model

which approach to understanding motives developed out of the humanistic view?

the hierarchy of needs

there are two areas of the brain that may possibly have something to do with homosexuality, whether a cause or effect. what are these two areas of the brain?

the hypothalamus and the corpus callosum

a distribution of scores that cluster around the average test scores, with fewer scores found far from the average, describes?

the normal distribution

sometimes, SAT scores are reported as percentiles. What do percentiles tell you?

the number of people in the stranded group who scored at or below your score

according to Sigmund freud, which of the following generates behavior that balances the demands of both the id and the superego?

the pleasure principle

according to Sigmund Freud, in what area are those mental processes that are not currently conscious but could become so at any moment contained?

the preconscious mind

if your test-retest reliability study resulted in a correlation of -.17 which of the following would you probably conclude?

the reliability of the measure you are testing is extremely low

what does research indicate that we pay close attention to when we believe that others are trying to deceive us?

their nonverbal gestures

genetic testing of different click-speaking East African tribes who live thousands of miles apart reveal that although theres click languages appear to derive from a common language, which of the following is true?

there is no evidence of any interbreeding over tens of thousands of years

what is a major disadvantage to the problem-solving techniques of trial and error and algorithms?

they are time intensive

the famed behaviorist B.F. Skinner believed that people develop language skills primarily because of which reason?

they have been reinforced for doing so

neuroscientists have shown that the brains of intelligent people are different than those of the less intelligent in which of the following ways?

they have harder ventricles

which of the following is true of anorexia nervosa?

this disorder is 10 times more frequent in women than in men

how many morphemes are contained in the word gentlemanly?

three

when Sir Francis Galton devised the concept of eugenics and attempted to put it into practice by way of intelligence testing, what was his ultimate goal?

to improve the hereditary characteristics in society

which of the following is the best explanation for the development of sexual scripts?

we learn them from our social environment

about which of the following did Charles Pearman and Louis Thurstone disagreed?

whether intelligence is made up of one predominant factor or several factors