Test 3
Historians changed history during the Renaissance. Which statement about the new view of Humanist history IS NOT correct?
A new chronology divided historical periods into ancient world, the dark ages, and then their own ages
The diplomatic system changed during the Renaissance mainly with the use of
Ambassadors that were permanent resident agents living in a different country
In religious terms, and since Early Christianity, a heresy is
An idea or group of ideas different from the traditionally accepted views of Christianity
The doctrine that said that God had selected some people to be saved and others to be dammed came from the teachings of
Calvin
In The Edict of Worms issued by Charles V. Martin Luther would be
Captured and delivered to the emperor
An intellectual movement in northern Europe in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries that combined the Italian Renaissance interest in the classics with an interest in the sources of early Christianity is called
Christian Humanism
The Anabaptist movement was formed by various groups that shared some common characteristics. Please mark an Anabaptist idea:
Christian living should be simple, with no need for theological speculations
At this meeting in southern France, the pope asked Christian knights to go out and fight the infidels in a war to recover the Holy Land. This is known as the Council of
Clemont
One of the best known works of Michelangelo is a sculpture of
David
The Act of Supremacy passed by Parliament
Declared the kind the head on Earth of the Church of England
This work was commissioned in 1086 with the purpose of obtaining information about land ownership in England
Domesday Book
The first Renaissance life-sized bronze nude sculpture in the round was made by
Donatello
Henry II's actions in reference to the royal treasury led to
Economic and social information for historians recorded in the pipe rolls
Historians changed history during the Renaissance. Which statement about the new view of Humanist history is NOT correct?
Facts and dates should be stressed as part of narrative history
For Martin Luther, the traditional Catholic role of a wife as the obedient servant whose chief duty was to please her husband and bear children was abhorrent
False
Martin Luther advocated that only male children should have the opportunity of an education provided by the states
False
The Reformation did not contribute to the spread of education because they considered it morally dangerous for most people to learn to read
False
The cultural center of the Early Renaissance was
Florence
Although Charles V had many adversaries, his chief concern during his reign was
Francis I of France
He founded a religious order whose members went out to the towns to preach the word of God. He and his followers reacted against the growing wealth of the medieval cities, which they considered harmful to the souls
Francis of Assai
All of the following are accomplishments of Henry II as king of England with the exception of
He conquered Scotland and then went on to conquer the Holy Roman Empire
Saladin is well-known in History for his interaction with the west before and during the Third Crusade. One of the following IS NOT TRUE of Saladin according to history and medieval records
He conquered the city of Jerusalem which had been in control of Western Europeans for about half a century and told his soldiers to rob and kill all civilians
William the Conquerer became Duke of Normandy at the death of his father. Which statement IS NOT TRUE of him?
He inherited the throne of England from his father
Thomas More represents the spirit of the Renaissance in all of the following EXCEPT
He rejected Christianity and believed that Christian values were obsolete and unnecessary
The most important religious order in the Catholic Reformation was the
Jesuits
During the High Middle Ages, there was only one religious minority in Western European society allowed to practice their religion, the
Jews
The Seiljuk Turks came to be significant actors in the events that led to the Crusades. What statement is true of the Selijuk Turks?
Led by their sultan on holder of power, the took command of the Abbasid Empire in 1055
Charles V issued the Edict of Worms because
Luther refused to recant his doctrines
The Peace of Augsburg marks an important turning point in the story of the Reformation. As a result of the Peace of Augsburg,
Lutheranism was acknowledged in Germany and granted equal status with Catholicism
The Reformation had an important effect on education in Europe. One of the following IS NOT true of his effect
Martin Luther and future reformers promoted public education for all male children
Elizabeth of England was faced with the need of producing an heir. Her nearest heir is she had no children was
Mary Queen of Scots
In the 15th century, Florence became a banking center due to the ..... family
Medici
Michelangelo is one of the titans of the High Renaissance. Which statement is NOT TURE of his work?
Michelangelo is well known for his paintings but he refused to accept commissions to of sculpture or architecture
The Crusades were military expeditions against the
Muslims
Society's attitudes toward minority groups who did not totally conform had changed by the High Middle Ages. Which of the following statements is true?
Only the Jews were allowed to practice a non-Christian religion in Western Christian Europe
Mary Queen of Scots was the cousin of Queen Elizabeth, and next in line to the throne of England. One is true about her
Ousted from Scotland by rebellious nobles, Mary fled for her life to England where Elizabeth placed her under house arrest
A controversial decision by Martin Luther came when he sided with the German lords during the ______, ordering the lords to "smite, slay, and stab" their opponents
Peasant's War
In order to create a new Catholic dynasty in England, Mary Tudor married
Phillip of Spain
Mary Tudor chose to marry Phillip of Spain because
Phillip was Catholic and together they could establish a new Catholic dynasty in England
Humanism had a strong impact on the writing of history. Which statement is NOT true on the new approach to history in the Renaissance?
Rejection of the influence of old Roman and Greek historians
The second crusade is significant because
it was the only Crusade in which a woman was allowed to participate
The Renaissance is significant because
its characteristics are still alive, some even more so today than they were during the Renaissance
During the reign of Kind John of England
many english nobles resented the growth of the king's power and rebelled agains the king
From written records about the taking of Jerusalem, records of BOTH Muslims and Christians agree that
most men were killed, and women and children were either killed or taken prisoner
The Reformation successfully abolished from the lives of Europe's Protestant community all of the following EXCEPT
taverns
The second crusade
was a total failure due to lack of organization
In 1071, the forces of the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine forces at Manzikert and advanced west into Antolia. Soon after this event
A new dynasty took over the Byzantine Empire and Alexius Comneus, the new emporer, stopped the Turks in Antaolia
Machiavelli wrote "The Prince," one of the most famous treatises on political power in the Western World. In The Prince, he states all of the following EXCEPT ONE
A ruler ought to behave based on Christian moral principles.
During the Third Crusade, al of the following occurred expect
After the capture of the city of Acre, King Richard the Lionhearted showed his chivialric personality allowing the defenders of the city to leave unharmed
The Fourth Crusade had dramatic effects. All of these are facts related to the Fourth Crusade EXCEPT
After the fourth crusade, the Byzantine Empire reached its peak of power and prestige.
Alexius Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor, decided to turn to the West for help because
After winning several victories against various groups, he realized that he lacked the resources to undertake additional campaigns against the Turks.
During the eleventh century, the Muslim world faced several crises. One of the following is NOT one of them:
Alexius Comnenus, the Byzantine emperor, began to expand the lands of empire, threatening Muslim power in Cairo and Baghdad
The most radical reform movement of the Reformation was the Anabaptist. The movement
All of the previous
Catherine of Aragon was the first of many wives of Henry VIII. Which statement is most accurate?
All of the previous are correct
Charles V is important in the process of the Reformation because
All of the previous are correct
Henry VIII divorced two of his wives and executed two of his wives. Why was Anne Boleyn executed?
All of the previous are correct
On Edward's death in 1553
All of the previous are correct
Phillip II decided to invade England with the Spanish Armada because
All of the previous are correct
The Church of England changed once again when Elizabeth came to the throne. Which statement best describes the Church of England under Elizabeth
All of the previous are correct
On Edward's death in 1553
All of the previous are correct (the five year changes were reversed easily people who had purchased lands taken from the monasteries felt threatened by Mary's policies Mary determined to marry her cousin Phillip Many Protestant figures escaped or were killed)
During the Renaissance, new subjects were developed in artistic output , but religious subjects continued to be used. Which one is true?
All of the previous statement are correct ( Even in religious topics, Since the pope was, the approach of the artists)
Charles V is important in the process of the Reformation because
All of the previous statements are correct
At the death of his father, young Edward took the crown as Edward VI. His reign
All of the previous statements are correct (Was short, since he died 5 years after becoming king was controlled by a council of regency since he was only nine years old saw the influence of Archbishop Cranmer saw a new liturgy elaborated in a new prayer book)
One of the first actions of Henry VIII as he became the head of the Church of England was the dissolution of the monasteries. Who benefited from the action?
All of the previous statements are correct (Henry because it brought him support gentry who bought the land for bargain prices parliament because they raised money the monks and nuns that did not resist because they got pensions)
Francis of Assisi is the most popular of all the Catholic saints. He is significant because
All of the previous statements are corrects (patron saint of animals, , revered by environmental groups, message continues to resonate, created order of monks)
Donatello is one of the pioneers of Renaissance artists. he is significant because he
All the previous are correct (produced first....., mastered the essence...., created a statue of David...., Worked mostly in Florence...)
During the Renaissance, the papacy had just returned to Rome after the decade spent in Avignon. The Renaissance popes
All the previous are correct (were great patrons...., had to wage wars...., commissioned long-lasting artistic works....relied on nepotism.)
In her foreign policy, Elizabeth was cautious and diplomatic. She
All the previous statements are correct
The conditions in Western Europe during the Middle Ages represent a cause of the Crusades because
All the previous statements are correct (popes had become powerful, strong feeling of religious revival, economic growth)
Renaissance humanism is
An intellectual movement based upon the study of Greek and Roman classics
The Mennonites originated as a branch of
Anabaptists
The separation of England from the Catholic Church was promoted and led by
Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
The Council of Clemont is a significant event for the Crusading movement. Which statement best describes the Council of Clemont
At Clemont, Pope Urban II challenged Christian knights to take arms against the Turks.
The position that produced for the Medici family great profits as well as strong influence was
Bankers for the papacy
During the so-called "Reconquest" or "reconquista" independent kingdoms in northern Spain fought the Muslims in order take land from them. Why is the "reconquest" seen as a cause of the Crusade?
Because Western Europeans had become accustomed to launch offensives against Muslims
English Catholics believed that Mary Queen of Scots was the rightful heir of Mary Tudor since in their view the marriage of Henry VIII with Anne Boleyn had been invalid. One statement IS FALSE: Mary
Because of conflicts with the Scottish nobility, she wanted to flee England but Elizabeth I would not allow her to set foot on her land
Two examples of the new artistic interest in classical antiquity are the famous paintings called Primavera and Birth of Venus by
Botticelli
The division between the Catholic church of the West and the Eastern Orthodox church weakened by the Byzantine empire and was significant for the Crusades because
By responding to the pledge for help of the Byzantine empire, the pope saw an opportunity to reunite both branches of Christianity
Once Luther established his new Lutheran church. Luther needed to organize it. one of the following statements is true about his new church
He relied increasingly on the German princes and the state supervised and disciplined church members
Robert the Lionhearted was once considered one of England's greatest kinds. Historians revising his life have concluded that
He was a devote Christian who attended mass regularly, but he enjoyed and promoted the tournaments in direct opposition to the Church
Thomas Moore is a remarkable historical figure. Which statement IS NOT TRUE of Thomas Moore?
He was trained as a monk but gave up monastic life in order to fight in the English army
Eleanor of Aquitaine was queen of France by her marriage with Louis VII of France. She became queen of England when she married
Henry II
One of the causes of the Reformation in England was
Henry VIII's desire to divorce his first wife
The formal court whose job it was to find, try and punish heretics was the
Holy Office
The writing and approaches of history changed during the Renaissance. One of the following statements represent these changes
Humanist historians looked for the causes of events deemphasizing God's active involvement in human affairs
The fifteenth-century Florentine architect Leon Battista Alberti expressed that "Men can do all things if they will." This statement reflects a feature of the Renaissance called
Individualism
The second crusade is different from the first one in many ways. Which of the following IS NOT a feature os the second crusade
It as a total success after which the crusaders expanded the Latin kingdoms even further into Muslim lands
After capturing the city of Acre, Richard the Lionhearted signed a deal with Saladin. Since Saladin could not keep his promise of paying a ransom and they did not agree on new terms
Richard executed more than two thousand prisoners
This king of England participated in the third crusade and was a great military leader, but spent only a few months of .....
Richard the Lionhearted
Outside of Germany, Luther's ideas were most readily accepted in
Scandinavia
The word "Normandy" derives from the invaders who settled in the north western part of France, arriving from
Scandinavia
These were nomadic people who had converted to Islam, became mercenaries for the Abbasid caliphate, and eventually took control of the Abbasid caliphate. They are the
Seljuk Turks
Society's attitude toward minority groups who did not totally conform had changed by the High Middle Ages. Which of the following statements is true?
Society had become more intolerant toward minorities or toward anyone who did not conform with social rules
During the Chrisitan "reconquesta"
Spanish Christians tried to conquer land from Muslims
A little taken by Turkish leaders who took command of the Abbasid Empire in 1055. The title means "holder of power"
Sultan
The work by Leonardo da Vinci that deteriorated for the used of a failed "fresco" technique was
The Last Supper
During the last part of the fifteenth century, artists and scholars of Florence were supported by the city's leading citizens and rules
The Medici
What conditions in the Byzantine empire, by the end of the 11th century, led to the Crusades?
The Seljuk Turks had advanced toward Byzantine lands and had taken parts of Asia minor
During the 10th and 11th centuries, several changes occurred in the Muslim world. Which statement most accurately describes these changes?
The Seljuk Turks had conquered the area of the Holy Land and of Asia Minor
The Crusades are defined as all of the following EXCEPT ONE
The campaign by Western Christians to go to Islamic lands and convert Muslims to Christianity
All of the following refer to the Fourth Crusade EXCEPT
The conquest of Cairo led to the economic and political power of the Italian cities
One is NOT a cause of the Crusades
The desire of the Europeans, since the time of Charlemagne to take lands in the Middle East.
What conditions in the Byzantine Empire, by the end of the 11th century, led to the Crusades
The empire had suffered internal struggles for power between military leaders and aristocratic families
Parallel to the Protestant Reformation, a reform movement existed within the Catholic Church. One of the following IS NOT an element of the reformation:
The end of relics and pilgrimages, considered obsoletes and with strong elements of superstition
Normandy originated when
The king of France donated French land to the Viking leader
The land of the popes, known as the Papal States, was one of the major powers in Italy during the Renaissance. Which of the following statements best describes it?
The problems that the church had endured during the fourteenth century had caused the loss of cities and territories
One of the following IS NOT a scene depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry
The reign of William the Conquerer as king of England
One of the following represents the spirit of the Renaissance
The revival of classical antiquity and the worldliness of the Italians
Johannes Gutenberg is significant because he completed the process of printing press. One of the following is true of this process
The type of the printing press was moveable thus produced multiple printing.
All of the following EXCEPT one are reasons why Northern Christian humanism is regarded as on elf the causes of the Reformation
Their call to eliminate the Catholic Church and establish a new Fundamental Christian Church
The Muslim world experienced differently from the Western experience. Which one IS NOT a result of the crusades for the Muslim world
There was increased interest among Muslim life-style or political life
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of the Anabaptist groups?
They encouraged faithful Anabaptists to join the army and fight for Christ
During the Middle Ages, the Anglo-Saxon kingdom became unified sooner than other Western European kingdoms because
They united in their long time struggle against Viking invaders
During the High Middle Ages, Jews left western Europe because
They were expelled by some kings and forced to move to Eastern Europe
Contemporary documents describe the treatment of Jews during the Middle-Ages. one of the following statements is true about Christian views of the Jews:
They were seen as the murders as Christ
Elizabeth's more active involvement in foreign affairs was in the Netherlands
This caused the acceleration of the already mounting friction between Spain and England
One of the motives for the pope to promote the crusades was
To reunite both branches of Christianity that had been separated since 1054
One of the following is NOT TURE of Utopia:
Utopians do not need to work since their land produces all they need to eat and enjoy
Catherine of Aragon was the first of many wives of Henry VIII. Which statement IS NOT accurate about her marriage?
When Henry asked the pope to annul his marriage to Catherine, Catherine willing retired to a castle and granted the annulment without the pope's agreement
The city of Florence was an important political and economic center. one of the following is NOT TRUE of Florence
When the Medici defeated the king of France, Lorenzo de medici took the crown of France as King Lorenzo the Magnificent
Francis of Assisi is famous today because of his love for nature and because of the well-known "Saint Francis Prayer" attributed to him. One of the following is not one of the components of his prayer:
Where there are enemies, please God help me wage a war.
The reformer that abolished relics, images, paintings and decorations from churched and eliminated music from services
Zwingli
The development of printing in the fifteenth century
ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society
One of the following is NOT a result of the Protestant Reformation
a Catholic reform movement which brought the end of corruption and redefinition of dogma
The Inquisition was
a formal court used by the church to find and try heretics
The Christian "reconquest" is an important factor in the crusading spirit. In medieval historical context, the Christian reconquest is defined as
a period of several centuries in which the Christians took land away from Muslims and established Christian kingdoms in spain
One of the interesting events in the life of Eleanor of Aquitaine was
a period spent as a prisoner for having conspired against her husband
The young age of the new king. Edward VI, resulted in
a powerful evangelical party moving quickly to establish their supremacy in the regency government
The Edict of Worms, which made Luther an outlaw within the empire
all of the previous are correct
Martin Luther's early life was characterized by
an obsession with his own sins and questions over the efficacy of the sacraments
The Reformation in England began when Henry VIII tried to
annul his marriage
The Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation opposed by Luther holds that
at communion the bread and wine are miraculously turned into the body of blood of Jesus
The city of Florence had traditionally been known for its woolen industry. However, in the fifteenth century, due to the Medici family, Florence became known as a
banking center
One of the actions of Henry VIII as he became head of the church of England, was the dissolution of the monasteries. Why did he do this?
because he would sell the land of the monasteries to increase the royal treasury
Botticelli demonstrates his humanist interest with "Primervera" and "Birth of Venus"
because they depict elements of Greco-Roman mythology
Martin Luther's attitude toward monasteries and celibacy was that
celibacy was no better than marriage and the monasteries should be abolished
The northern Christian humanists
championed study of classical and early Christian antiquity to reform the church
The period called "Renaissance" is significant because it is
considered the beginning of the modern world
William of Normandy's conquest of England in 1066
created a new England with a blending of cultures
After taking the city of Jerusalem, the soldiers of the First Crusade
created four Christian Latin kingdoms.
After taking the city of Jerusalem during the first Crusade in 1099, the Christian soldiers
created four Christian crusader states with feudal insititutions
The Act of Supremacy in England
declared the king the head of the Church of England
The Renaissance is considered a period of recover. Italian society during the Renaissance recovered from all of the following EXCEPT
decline of moral values
The Reformation changed conceptions of the family by
destroying possible career avenues for women
The Reformation had an important effect in the development of education in Europe by
expanding public access to primary schooling and improving secondary schooling through gymnasiums and ministerial training
Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to
experiment in the areas of perspective
Luther changed radically the position of women in the family by stating that husband and wife were equal in God's eyes, thus one should not obey the other
false
Thomas Moore died
for not accepting the behavior of the king
The massacres against European Jews in the High Middle Ages
frequently carried out by Christian crusaders
One of the following is NOT a result of the Protestant Reformation
friendship, unity, and tolerance among all Protestant groups
One of the following is NOT a result of the Protestant Reformation
friendship, unity, and tolerance among all Protestant groups since they felt the need to unite against the Catholic Church
Harold Godwinson is mentioned in the history of England because
he received the crown of England at the death of Edward the Confessor
Feudalism in England under William I derived from feudalism in other countries in that
he required sub vassals to swear allegiance to him
Pope Urban II is significant in the history of the Crusades because of the following reasons EXCEPT
he urged the destruction of all Jewish settlements on the crusaders' way to the Holy Land
The holding and/or preaching doctrines different from the official teachings of the church is called
heresy
Machiavelli wrote The Prince, one of the most famous treatises on political power in the Western World. His sources of knowledge and his politics came from
his preoccupation with and participation in Italy's political problems and life
The intellectual movement in Renaissance Italy based, among other things, on the study of Greek and Roman classics is
humanism
In Geneva, the Calvinists
imposed strict penalties for blasphemy and immoral behavior
Assuming that Luther posted his "Ninety-Five Theses," he did it with the purpose of
initiating a debate and for the pope to clarify the use of indulgences
The Reformation changed conceptions of family by
insisting of the superior state of marriage over celibacy
The movement called "Christian humanism" included all of the following EXCEPT ONE. Please mark the wrong statement. Christian Humanism was
interested in the writings of Calvin, one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation.
Raphael is considered one of the three artistic giants of the High Renaissance. He
is acclaimed for his numerous madonnas in which he pursued an ideal of beauty
All of the following statements are correct of Utopia EXCEPT
it recommends war as the traditional and glorious way to solve the most problems among civilized countries
Calvin established a theocratic government in Geneva, which he called the "most perfect school of christ on Earth." One of the following is true of the Ecclesiastical Ordinance of 1541
it ruled that pastors and elders need to maintain discipline and have oversight of the life of everyone
Which of the following statements IS NOT TRUE? The Renaissance, according to most historians, is a period
of rebirth during the twelfth century
In regard to the sacraments, Luther believed that
out of the seven sacraments established by the church, only two were necessary
To popularize his message of essential religious reform Luther used
pamphlets illustrated with vivid woodcuts
By the thirteenth century, a previous acceptance of homosexuality by church and society had been replaced by Christian persecution of homosexuals due to all of the following except
papal decree condemning homosexuality in the thirteenth century, although the church had never been concerned with it before.
Urban II was a
pope
John Calvin began his protestant movement in France from where he moved to Geneve. Which of the following is a characteristics of John Calvin's reform movement?
predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God
The Marburg Colloquy of 1529 is interesting to understand how important some issues of Christian dogma were for the Protestant Reformers statement is true? The Marburg Colioquy
produced no agreement or alliance between the Lutheran and Zwinglian moments
Pope Urban II at the Council of Clemont in 1095
promised remissions of sins for joining the campaigns to recapture the Holy Land
An important result of the First Crusade
rapid economic growth and wealth for Italian commercial cities with maritime ties to crusader states.
An important result of the First Crusade was
rapid economic growth and wealth for Italian commercial cities with maritime ties to the crusader states.
Northern European humanists studiously learned Greek expressly to
read the New Testament in its original Greek version and comprehend better the early writings of Greek church fathers
The council of Trent
reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against the Reformation
As queen of England, Mary Tudor intended to
restore England to the Roman Catholic fold
Erasmus and the Northern Humanists wanted to reform the church by
returning to the simplicity of the early church and understanding the teachings of Christ via new translations of the Bible
The feature of the renaissance that emerged as increasing wealth created new focus on enjoying the life here and now
secularism
Magna Carta has been considered and important historical document because it
set a precedent for legal process of accused criminals
The views on education that Renaissance humanists introduced still resonate with us today. Renaissance humanists
stressed the importance of the "liberal arts," which would produce true freedom, virtue, and wisdom
Please mark THE WRONG MEANING of the Renaissance. When descending the meaning of the term Renaissance, today's scholars agree that that the Renaissance can still be viewed as
sudden and dramatic rebirth of of Greek and Roman culture after the previous thousand years of darkness
According to contemporary documents, Thomas Becket's main preoccupation before he died was
that other people were not hurt or punished
Religious warfare in Germany ended in 1555 with
the Peace of Augsburg
Although Zwingli followed several of the ideas proposed by Luther, his influence on the reformation movement may be seen in
the Protestant rejection of pilgrimages and veneration of relics
The Catholic Reformation's ultimate refusal to compromise with Protestantism was exemplified by
the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index
Zwingli's influence on the reformation may be seen in
the absence of religious images in Protestant churches
Zwingli's influence on the reformation movement may be seen in
the absence of religious images in Protestant churches
The Reformation of England was completed with all of the following EXCEPT ONE
the actions of Anne Boleyn in opposition to the pope as the new cochair and leader of the new church
The results of the Spanish Armada were all of the following EXCEPT ONE
the beginning of the glory of Spain and the decline of England
Although groups generally called Anabaptists were not homogenous, they shared some ideas in common such as
the church was simply a voluntary association of believers
Richard the Lionhearted was once considered one of England's greatest kings. Historians revising his life have concluded that
the crusade that he led was the only successful military campaign
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg,
the division of Christianity was formally acknowledged, with Lutheranism granted equal legal standing with Catholicism
The Peace of Augsburg marks a significant moment in the history of the German Protestant movement. As a result of the Peach of Augsburg,
the division of Christianity was formally acknowledged, with Lutheranism granted equal legal standing with Catholicism
To Martin Luther, the question of "How can I be saved" was answered through
the doctrine of justification by grace through faith alone
To Martin Luther, the question of "How can I be saved," was answered through
the doctrine of justification by grace through faith alone
An important result of the First Crusades
the establishment of western kingdoms in the Middle East, which survived several decades
In 1071, the forces of the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine forces at Manzikert. Soon after this event
the forces of Alexius Comnenus fought successful battles over other groups in the Adriatic and in the Balkans
As one of the central components of the Renaissance, "individualism" means
the glorification of personal talents
Which of the following was not a result of the crusades?
the growth in power of eastern crusader states.
Thomas Moore gave up his life for not accepting the behavior of
the king
Francis of Assai is significant in history because
the order that he founded became very popular during his time and has lasted until our time
In the mid 1520s, the German peasants revolted against their abusive lords and looked to Martin Luther for support. All of the following are the causes of the revolt EXCEPT ONE
the peasants were angry because the lords of Germany suppressed Martin Luther by forbidding him to preach his ideas of rebellion against the church
One of the following was a consequence of the fourth crusade
the permeant separation of Eastern Orthodoxy from Catholic Christianity
One of the intentions of the Northern humanists was
the reform of the church
The indulgence controversy marks the beginning of the reformation with the posting of Luther's theses. One of the following IS NOT TRUE of the indulgence controversy
the selling of indulgences convinced Martin Luther that he should break with the church and join the church being initiated by John Calvin
One of the following is a long-term result of the Crusades
the taste by Western Europeans of conquering lands outside of Europe.
Luther believed that
there was a real presence of Jesus' body and blood in the bread and wine used during religious services
One of the following statements IS FALSE: the emphasis of art during the Renaissance changed because
they avoided the depiction of religious subjects
One of the most important doctrinal differences between Luther and the Catholic Church was the issue of salvation, also known as "justification." To Martin Luther, salvation was achieved
through faith alone
One of the motives for the pope to promote the Crusades
to aid the Byzantines in their fight against infidels who were abusing Christians in the Holy Land
One of the motives for the pope to promote the crusades was
to end the violence caused by constant fighting in Western Europe, sending the was far away
The inquisition was created in order to
try heretics
The Peasants' War was Luther's greatest challenge in the mid-1950s. The Peasants' War
was primarily a revolt by peasants against local lord but was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's order
The Peasants' War was Luther's greatest challenge in the mid-1520s. The Peasants' War
was primarily a revolt by peasants against local lords but was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's order
Elizabeth of England took the throne at the death of her sister. She
was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boelyn
Elizabeth of England took the throne at the death of her sister. She
was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
During the reign of Henry VIII, the ceremonies, doctrines, and theological views of the Church of England
were virtually no different from Catholic tradition
The event that eventually led to Luther's break with the church was
widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks
