Test 3
Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? (appendix, colon, spleen, pancreas or esophagus)
Pancreas
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the (pharynx, colon, stomach, esophagus or bladder)
Bladder
Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from
parasympathetic stimulation.
The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.
parotid
Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?
parotid
The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the
pulp cavity
Does a high-fat meal raise or lower the level of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the blood? (Module 22.14C)
raise
Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the
rectum
All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it
recycles bile
An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is
rennin
Which of the following is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein?
round ligament
The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called
rugae
The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is
secretin
Duodenal glands are characteristic of the
small intestine
In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.
sphincters
Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?
stimulates gastric secretion
Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the
stomach
Functions of the large intestine include
storage of fecal material prior to defection, reabsorption of water and compaction of feces, and absorption of vitamins
The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.
stratified squamous
What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?
submadibular
The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth.
submandibular
Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the
submucosa
The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by
the cerebral cortex
During deglutition,
the lower esophageal sphincter opens. the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes. the soft palate elevate`
The uvula is located at the
the posterior margin of the soft palate
At what point in the large intestine does the epidermis change from stratified squamous non-keratinized tissue like the oral cavity to stratified squamous keratinized tissue like the skin?
anus
A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the
appendix
An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is
cholecystokinin
After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as
chyme
Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? (cilia, villi, microvilli, circular folds, instestinal movements
cilia
Circular folds are
circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.
Which of the following is not a component of the defecation reflex?
contraction of the external anal sphincter
Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?
coordinates activity of the muscular layer
________ are also known as canines.
cuspids
Gastrin secretion is associated with
food arriving in the stomach
The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).
four
An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is
gastrin
G cells of the stomach secrete
gastrin
The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is
gastrin
The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the
gingiva
Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?
greater omentum
Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the
ileum
Regions of the stomach include all of the following except
ileum
________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.
incisors
Which of these descriptions best matches the term "submucosal plexus"?
includes a sensory neural network
Circular folds and intestinal villi
increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.
Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)?
increases the sensation of hunger
The villi are most developed in the
jejunum
What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?
large intestine
Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?
large intestine
What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?
lesser omentum
The teniae coli are
longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.
Serous cells in the submandibular salivary gland secrete what substance(s)?
lysozyme and salivary amylase
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called
mass movements
The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.
mesentery
The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.
mesentery proper
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the
mouth
The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the
mucosa
Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.
muscularis mucosa
Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscular layer is the
myenteric plexus
Which structure controls the contraction of the muscular layer?
myenteric plexus
At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the
transverse colon
An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is
vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).
What type of muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies?
visceral smooth muscles
Mary had most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result, Mary can expect to be at risk for
vitamin B12 deficiency.
________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.
Molars
On average, the body produces ________ of saliva in a day.
1.0-1.5 L
Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day.
7
Which of the following does not describe how products of fat digestion are absorbed and transported?
Brush border enzymes break down the fats so they can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream.
Which of the following cranial nerves are not involved in stimulating salivary reflexes or taste buds?
Hypoglossal (XII)
Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in
Swallowing
Which of the following statements about the tongue is false?
The uvula attaches to the base.
The greater omentum is
a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in
a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.
The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as
absorption
The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except
absorption of monosaccharides
The root of each tooth sits in a bony cavity known as a(n)
alveolus
Pancreatic endocrine cells secrete all of the following except
amylase
The enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates is
amylase
Each of the following is a function of the liver except
antibody production
The roof of the oral cavity is formed by
both the hard palate and the soft palate
The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?
cardia
Lacteals
carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.
A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would
cause mumps-like swelling of the face, interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth, and reduce delivery of saliva
The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the
cecum
The root of a tooth is covered by
cement
The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called
dentin
At the left colic flexure, the colon becomes the
descending colon
Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the
duodenum
The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is
duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
The crown of a tooth is covered by
enamel
Haustra are
expansible pouches of the colon.
The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the
falciform ligament
Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?
filtration
The ________ is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is not under voluntary control.
internal and sphincter
Chief cells secrete
pepsinogen
Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called
peristalsis
The ability of smooth muscle to contract over a wide range of lengths is called ________, while its normal background level of activity is known as ________.
plasticity; tone
Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?
producing blood cells
The enzyme pepsin digests
proteins