Test 3

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? (appendix, colon, spleen, pancreas or esophagus)

Pancreas

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the (pharynx, colon, stomach, esophagus or bladder)

Bladder

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

parasympathetic stimulation.

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

parotid

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

parotid

The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

pulp cavity

Does a high-fat meal raise or lower the level of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the blood? (Module 22.14C)

raise

Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the

rectum

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach except that it

recycles bile

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that assists in the digestion of milk proteins is

rennin

Which of the following is a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein?

round ligament

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

rugae

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is

secretin

Duodenal glands are characteristic of the

small intestine

In the digestive and urinary systems, rings of smooth muscle, called ________, regulate the movement of materials along internal passageways.

sphincters

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?

stimulates gastric secretion

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

stomach

Functions of the large intestine include

storage of fecal material prior to defection, reabsorption of water and compaction of feces, and absorption of vitamins

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

stratified squamous

What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?

submadibular

The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth.

submandibular

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

submucosa

The physiological activities of the digestive system are not regulated by

the cerebral cortex

During deglutition,

the lower esophageal sphincter opens. the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes. the soft palate elevate`

The uvula is located at the

the posterior margin of the soft palate

At what point in the large intestine does the epidermis change from stratified squamous non-keratinized tissue like the oral cavity to stratified squamous keratinized tissue like the skin?

anus

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

appendix

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

cholecystokinin

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme

Which of the following does not enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? (cilia, villi, microvilli, circular folds, instestinal movements

cilia

Circular folds are

circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

Which of the following is not a component of the defecation reflex?

contraction of the external anal sphincter

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "myenteric plexus"?

coordinates activity of the muscular layer

________ are also known as canines.

cuspids

Gastrin secretion is associated with

food arriving in the stomach

The human liver is composed of ________ lobe(s).

four

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

gastrin

G cells of the stomach secrete

gastrin

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

gingiva

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

greater omentum

Aggregated lymphoid nodules are characteristic of the

ileum

Regions of the stomach include all of the following except

ileum

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

incisors

Which of these descriptions best matches the term "submucosal plexus"?

includes a sensory neural network

Circular folds and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)?

increases the sensation of hunger

The villi are most developed in the

jejunum

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

large intestine

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

large intestine

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

lesser omentum

The teniae coli are

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.

Serous cells in the submandibular salivary gland secrete what substance(s)?

lysozyme and salivary amylase

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called

mass movements

The ________ is a double sheet of peritoneal membrane that suspends the visceral organs and carries nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

mesentery

The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

mesentery proper

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

mucosa

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

muscularis mucosa

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscular layer is the

myenteric plexus

Which structure controls the contraction of the muscular layer?

myenteric plexus

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the

transverse colon

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands and dilation of intestinal capillaries is

vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

What type of muscle cells are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions and mechanically connected by dense bodies?

visceral smooth muscles

Mary had most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result, Mary can expect to be at risk for

vitamin B12 deficiency.

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

Molars

On average, the body produces ________ of saliva in a day.

1.0-1.5 L

Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the peritoneal cavity each day.

7

Which of the following does not describe how products of fat digestion are absorbed and transported?

Brush border enzymes break down the fats so they can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream.

Which of the following cranial nerves are not involved in stimulating salivary reflexes or taste buds?

Hypoglossal (XII)

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

Swallowing

Which of the following statements about the tongue is false?

The uvula attaches to the base.

The greater omentum is

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

absorption of monosaccharides

The root of each tooth sits in a bony cavity known as a(n)

alveolus

Pancreatic endocrine cells secrete all of the following except

amylase

The enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates is

amylase

Each of the following is a function of the liver except

antibody production

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by

both the hard palate and the soft palate

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

cardia

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would

cause mumps-like swelling of the face, interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth, and reduce delivery of saliva

The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the

cecum

The root of a tooth is covered by

cement

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

dentin

At the left colic flexure, the colon becomes the

descending colon

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the

duodenum

The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

The crown of a tooth is covered by

enamel

Haustra are

expansible pouches of the colon.

The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the

falciform ligament

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

filtration

The ________ is composed of smooth muscle fibers and is not under voluntary control.

internal and sphincter

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

The ability of smooth muscle to contract over a wide range of lengths is called ________, while its normal background level of activity is known as ________.

plasticity; tone

Which of the following is not a function of the adult liver?

producing blood cells

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins