Test 3 Managing People and Organizations

Select the relationship oriented leader behaviors

empowerment, servant-leadership, consideration

Which of the following is a goal of collaboration?

ensuring a collective outcome is completed

Information that can be easily described is

explicit knowledge

Bernard Bass concluded that leaders manage, and managers do what?

lead

What models of decision making explain how managers really come to decisions?

nonrational

According to the model of intuition, one of the processes of intuition is controlled, voluntary, and effortful and the other is

automatic, involuntary, and mostly effortless

Which of the following approaches tries to find the unique behaviors that effective leaders have?

behavioral styles

A technique used for solving problems, generating creative ideas for new products, and removing performance roadblocks is:

brainstorming

How do the news media influence availability bias?

by emphasizing unusual events.

The degree to which members feel part of the collective group is called group

cohesiveness

Which of the following are included in common teamwork competencies?

contributing to the team's work, keeping the team on track, interacting with team members constructively.

The assumptions behind nonrational models of decision making are that.

decision making lacks certainty, decision makers lack complete information, managers struggle to make the best decisions.

Which two activities are included in the decision-making process?

determining alternative solutions and choosing from among alternative solutions.

Which of the following describes a purpose of a formal work group?

discussing ways to improve product quality

The process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions is:

evidence-based decision making

The process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions is

evidence-based decision making.

The bias that occurs when knowledge of previous outcomes influences decisions about the probability of future outcomes is:

hindsight bias

Select the types of task-oriented leadership

initiating structure and transactional leadership

Among the ways to prevent social loafing are:

limiting group size, holding people accountable for their performance

Satisficing means that managers:

make a decision that is good enough, make a decision that is satisfactory, but not optimal.

In contrast to a group, what are the characteristics of a team?

members depend on each other and members are accountable for their collective performance.

Which of the symptoms of groupthink protects against adverse information?

mindguards

Advantages of group decision-making include

more varied perspectives, a greater pool of knowledge, better understanding of the reasons for a decision.

An attitude, feeling, opinion, or action shared by two or more people that guides behavior is a(n)

norm

Among the stages of group development in Tuckman's model are:

norming, performing, and forming

A set of shared expected behaviors for members of a group as a whole is called a group

role

Servant leaders demonstrate the conceptualization characteristic by

seeking equilibrium between the long-range and short term thinking

Which of the symptoms of groupthink stifles critical debate?

self-censorship.

A focus on increased service to others rather than oneself is called

servant-leadership

Managers can reduce the likelihood of escalation of commitment bias if they:

set minimum targets for performance and compare results to targets, make decision makers aware of the costs of persistence.

The tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases is known as

social loafing

Knowledge gained through experience that is hard to explain is _____ knowledge.

tacit

The extent to which team members are dependent on each other to accomplish their work is called

task interdependence

According to Fiedler, the two leadership styles are:

task-oriented and relationship-oriented

Three factors that create effectiveness when building a team include

team charters and strategies, capacity of the team, composition of the team.

What is the primary reason that people collaborate in groups and teams in the workplace?

the complexity of work is too great to be managed by individuals

When you rely on intuition, which of the following are lacking?

the conscious awareness of the evoking cues, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the evoking cues.

True or False: You can against social loafing by making the group as big as possible to better ensure accountability.

False

Leaders who are _ use behaviors that appeal to followers self-concepts.

transformational

Collections of individuals with low dependency on one another are known as _ whereas _are collectively responsible for their performance

groups, team

What are the disadvantages of hindsight bias?

having overconfidence in foresight, which leads to bad decisions.

Which of the following is an example of a formal group?

hiring committee

Which of the following elements influence decision makers falling into the trap of anchoring bias?

impressions, feedback, and stereotypes.

Evidence-based decision making holds the promise of:

improving performance and avoiding decision making biases.

What are some effects that intellectual stimulation by transformational leaders can have on followers and work groups

increased perceptions of task meaningfulness and increased perceptions of organizational justice

Who typically perform functions associated with investigating, organizing, and controlling as well as implementing an organizations vision and strategic plan?

managers

The decision making heuristic used when people estimate the probability of an event occurring based on impressions about similar occurrences is:

representativeness bias

Deciding to select a solution that meets some minimum, adequate qualifications is __________

satisficing

Why is the establishment of a positive vision of the future essential for applying transformational leadership?

the vision represents long-term goals, communicating the vision promotes endorsement, leaders can influence other by gaining consensus of the vision.

By appealing to followers values, motives, and personal identity, _ leaders transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests

transformational

Select characteristics of servant-leadership:

healing, awareness, listening, stewardship

Clear goals and responsibilities with an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities are specifically associated with ___ teams.

high performing

Collaboration includes which of the following aspects?

information sharing, task coordination

Rank tuckmans five stages of group development

Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Which of the following statements about informal groups are true?

Informal groups are formed by members who share a common interest and informal groups are based on friendship.

Which of the following are components of confirmation bias?

Information is sought that confirms the already made decision and discounts information that does not, A decision is made before investigating why it is the right decision.

In which of the following situations, can be punctuated equilibrium occur?

Innovation and an inciting event.

Who typically perform functions association with investigating, organizing, and controlling as well as implementing an organizations vision and strategic plan?

Managers

A problem occurs when there is a gap between a(n) ___ and a(n) ___ situation.

actual, desired.

What is the primary purpose of task-oriented leader behaviors?

assisting others in achieving their goals as well as the goals of the working group

A norm is a _ shared by two or more people that guides behavior

attitude, opinion, feeling

The tendency to base decision on information that is recent and easily recalled from memory is:

availability bias

The nonrational model in which decisions makers are limited by various constraints when making decisions is known as:

bounded rationality

which of the following are key elements to punctuated equilibrium?

change and time

What is it called when a decision maker recognizes information that supports a decision, while ignoring contracting information.

confirmation bias

What is it called when decision maker recognizes information that supports a decision while ignoring contracting information.

confirmation bias

When you pinpoint and pick a solution that best solves a problem, this is:

decision making

The task roles that facilitate a groups work include

defining a common purpose and clarifying a common purpose.

In terms of leadership, women use more _ style while men use a more _ style

democratic and autocratic

Which statements are true about emotional intelligence and leadership?

emotional intelligence helps people with transformational leadership, emotional intelligence helps people head, however, it does not solve all problems

Select all of the core traits that are associated with leaders

emotional stability, conscientiousness, intelligence

Big data, the vast quantity of data available to decision makers, can

enhance productivity, make information more transparent and usable, be used to develop new products and services.

Social loafing can be prevented by:

ensuring accountability

the tendency to stick to an ineffective course of action when it is unlikely that a bad situation can be reversed is:

escalation of commitment bias

Customers prefer meat that is sold as "85% lean" instead of "15% fat" shows that people view choices more favorably when shown in terms of gains father than losses. This is an example of what type of bias?

framing bias

The disadvantages of group decision making include

a few people dominate, goal displacement, and social pressure reduces creativity.

The disadvantages of group decision making include:

a few people dominate, goal displacement, social pressure reduces creativity.

When decision-makers are influenced by the first information they receive even if it is irrelevant is it ___

anchoring bias

Characteristics of the rational decision-making model includes the assumption that managers:

are objective, possess all information needed to make the best decision.

The ability to manage oneself and one's relationships in a mature and constructive way is called

emotional intelligence

Bounded rationality is the idea that decision makers.

face various restrictions when making decisions.

Punctuated equilibrium is concerned with

how a group functions in the face of change

When an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal it is called

leadership

Interpersonal opposition based on personal disagreement

personality conflict

Deciding to choose a solution that meets enough minimum qualification is:

satisficing

Expertise is the combination of which of the following?

Explicit Knowledge and Tacit Knowledge.

True or False: Because of collaboration, teams are generally less effective than the individuals who make up the team.

False

Of the following statements, which accurately describe social loafers?

Social loafers can distract or disrupt the work of other team members, social loafers produce low-quality work, social loafers expect the same results as other members of the team.

What are three basic characteristics that describe groups and teams in the workplace.

accountability, dependence, and duration of time spent together.

As situations change, different styles of leadership become appropriate. This is the basic premise of

contingency theories

The situational theory which argues that a leaders effectiveness is dependent on how well a leaders style fits the situation at hand is

contingency theories

What is the theory that says a leaders effectiveness depends on how well a leaders style fits characteristics of the situation at hand?

contingency theory

Which of the following are goals of relationship-oriented leadership?

creating positive work relationships among coworkers, creating positive work relationships between employees and their leaders, enhancing employees' skills

Bernard Bass Associated which of the following behaviors with leaders?

creating vision and strategic plans, rallying employees around a common goal, inspiring others

Which two are included in the decision making process?

determining alternative solutions and choosing from amoung alternative solutions

workers who meet regularly to discuss ways to improve product quality are in a

formal group

Maintenance roles in a group are those that

foster supportive interpersonal relationships

What theory states that leaders behaviors are effective when employees see them as a source of satisfaction?

path-goal

Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on what factor?

the situation

Trying to identify the personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that can differentiate leaders from followers is called

trait approach

Decisions that come to mind on their own and are not evaluated for validity are known as

intuition

A reciprocal belief that another person will consider the effects of his intentions and behaviors on you is

trust

Which of the following statements are true about the characteristics of virtual teams?

virtual teams may utilize talent more efficiently than in traditional office settings, virtual team members work across time, space, and organizational boundaries, virtual team members are connected using various technologies.

True or false: An assumption of the nonrational decision making models is that managers possess all of the information needed to make optimal decisions.

False

Which of the following are types of task interdependence?

Reciprocal, Pooled, and Sequential

Which of the following are challenges that virtual teams face?

Relationships are difficult to build and monitor at a distance, technology limits nonverbal communication, the lack of interpersonal and face to face interactions make building trusting relationships difficult.

Which of the following statements are true about a formal group?

The group is assigned by the organization or managers, the group is assigned to accomplish specific goals

Which of the following statements are true about work teams?

They are usually Permanent, they have a common purpose, they have a well-defined purpose.

Which of the following are characteristics of high-performing teams?

They have trust and communication, they have clear goals and responsibilities, they have an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities.

True or False: Consensus does not require unanimous agreement.

True

True or False: The goal of decision making is to find a solution that leads to a desired state of affairs.

True

True or False: Trust involves being vulnerable.

True

What type of team has a difficult time building trusting relationships because of the lack of interpersonal and face-to-face interactions?

a virtual team

What type of team has a well-defined purpose, is more or less permanent, and requires the complete commitment of its members?

a work team

When people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action it is:

groupthink

When you make a decision that comes to mind without clear awareness or evaluation of the evoking cues, this is:

intuition

The cognitive biases we use to facilitate the decision-making process are:

judgmental heuristics

What are the cognitive shortcuts used to simplify the decision making process called?

judgmental heuristics

Groupthink can result in decisions that

lack of moral judgement, fail to realistically evaluate alterative options, maintain the cohesiveness of the group.

Which of the following are aspects of trust?

letting your guard down with another person, believing that another person will keep the impact of his or her actions on you in mind.

A _ is a situation in which it is possible to do something that eclipses.

opportunity

when you can possibly produce results that surpass goals; it is a

opportunity

The bias that takes place because we are optimistic based on overestimates of what we are able to do is:

overconfidence bias

When all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have:

reached consensus

What is it called when decisions are based on past or similar information or situations?

representative bias