Test 4 in Anatomy based on 7 part 2 notes

The pelvic hip girdle supports the trunk of the body, protects internal organs, provides attachements for lower limbs, consists of )______ coxae (hipbones), and the sacrum, coccyx and pelvic girdle together form the bowl-shaped pelvis

2

The phalanges are the finger bone or digit. Fingers: ______phalanges in each finger (proximal, middle, and distal phalanx). The thumb: 2 phalanges (proximal and distal phalanx). There are a total of -_______ phalanges per hand.

3 ;14

The lumbar curvature includes

5 large vertebrae in the abdominal cavity

The two types of ribs are true ribs and false. The true ribs are the upper ____pairs that articulate directly with the sternum. The false ribs are the remaining ____ pairs of ribs that do not reach the sternum directly. The last rib pairs (11 and 12) have no attachments and are called floating ribs.

7;5

The occipital bone is the _____ of the skull. Forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium. Joins the parietal bones along the lambdoid suture. Foramen magnum is a "________"=opening on its lower surface where nerve fibers pass from brain into spinal cord. Occipital condyles are the rounded processes on either side of foramen magnum which articulate with the first vertebrae

Base;Large Hole

The sphenoid bone is a

Butterfly shaped bone that spans the width of the middle cranial floor. It is wedged between many other skull bones and consists of a central part and two wing-like structures=greater and lesser wing. The sella turcica is a portion of sphenoid bone which indents and forms a saddle shaped mass that houses the pituitary gland

Humerus _________and _______are condyles (rounded processes) at the lower end of the humerus; capitulum articulates with radius; trochlea with ulna. The lateral and medial epicondyle are projections above the condyles. The coranoid fossa is a depression on the anterior surface between the epicondyles; receives coronoid process of ulna. ocecranon fossa is a depression on the posterior surface; receives olecranon process of the ulna when the upper limb straightens at elbow.

Capitulum ;trachlea

The curvatures of a vertebral column consists of 26 bones in an adult are divided into 4 curvatures called...

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

The upper limbs include the...

Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

The ______bone is a thin,scale-like structure. Located in the wall of each orbit between the ethmoid bone and the maxilla. A groove in its anterior portion leads from the orbit to the nasal cavity= channel that carries tears from the eye to the nasal cavity.

Lacrimal

The facial skeleton is composed of the maxillary bones (2), Palatine bones (2), Zygomatic bones(2), ______ bones (2), nasal bones (2), ____bones(1), inferior nasal concha (2), Mandible(1)

Lacrimal;Vomer

The sternum has three parts...

Mariubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process

Maxillary Bones The _____process is the inferior border of each maxillary bone projecting downward. The alveolar arch is formed by palatine and alveolar processes. The _______foramen is an opening for blood vessels and nerves below the orbit. Contains two maxillary sinuses and these spaces are the largest of the sinuses.

alveolar;infraorbital

The skeleton is divided into the

axial and appendicular skeleton

The tarsals (7) bones are in the ankle. Include the _______(heel bone), _____________, cuboid, navicular, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform. The talus is the uppermost tarsal that moves freely where it joins the tibia and fibula. The calcaneous is the largest of the tarsals, help support body weight.

calcaneous ;talus

The ribs include 12 pairs and articulate anteriorly with sternum through costal ________. Articulate posteriorly with thoracic vertebrae.

cartilage

The nasal bone form bridge of the nose;fused at the midline. Serves as attachments for the ______tissues that form the shape of the nose.

cartilaginous

The zygomatic bones form the prominences of the ______. The temporal process is the posterior extension ;joins the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and helps form the zygomatic ______.

cheeks;arch

The Mariubrium of the sternum is the upper portion and resembles handle and articulates with _______. The body is the middle vertical portion and is the site where most ______articulate anteriorly. The Xiphoid process is the lower extension from body and provides ______for some abdominal muscles.

clavicle;ribs;attachment

The pectoral girdle includes the...

clavicles and scapula.

The pectoral girldle...

connects the upper limbs tot he rib cage and supports the upper limbs and is an attachment for several muscles that move them.

The thoracic cage includes the ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and ______cartilages (attach ribs to the sternum)

costal

The pelvic hip girdle consists of the _____.

coxae

The skull is composed of

cranium and facial bones

Ethmoid bone The _______ galli is a triangular process which projects upward into the cranial cavity; site of attachment of membranes that enclose the _______. The superior and middle nasal concha is a thin, scroll shaped plates which support mucous membranes that line the nasal cavity. The ethmoidal sinuses is many small-air filled spaces in the lateral portions of the ethmoid bone.

crista;brain

The phalanges are the toe bones or.....

digits similar to the fingers (14 total). Each toe has a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx except the great toe which only has a proximal and distal phalanx. They align and articulate with the metatarsals.

The humerus is the upper arm bone. Extends from the scapula to the ______. The greater tubercle and lesser tubercle are processes below the head, with intertubercular groove between them. The anatomical neck ______---the head from the tubercles and the surgical neck is below the head and tubercles; frequent location for fractures. The deltioid tuberosity is a v shaped area near the middle of the shaft; attachment for deltoid muscle.

elbow;separates

Inferior Nasal Concha is thin,scroll-shaped bones that project into the nasal cavity below the superior and middle nasal conchae of the _______bone. Support mucous membranes and filter air before it passes into the lungs.

ethmoid

The ________bone is located in the front of the sphenoid bone. Composed of two masses on either side of the ________cavity, joined by cribriform plate. Olfactory foramina is a tiny opening in the cribriform plate through which nerves associated with sense of smell pass. The perpendicular plate projects downward in the midline and forms most of the nasal septum.

ethmoid;nasal

The appendicular skeleton includes the limbs of the upper and lower ________, and the bones that attach those limbs to the ________(pectoral and pelvic girdles).

extremities;trunk

The thoracic curvature has 12 vertebra in thoracic cavity. Each vertebra has _____(small flat surfaces) on the sides of its body, which articulate with a rib.

facets

The metacarpals (5) are bone in line with each _______. The metacarpals articulate proximal with the carpals and distally with the phalanges. The metacarpals on the _____side is the most freely movable , it permits the thumb to oppose fingers when grasping something.

finger;lateral

The infantile skull is when at birth the skull is incompletely developed with the fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones. The membranous areas are called _______(soft spots). This enables the infants skull to pass more easily through the birth canal. Eventually the fontanels close as the cranial bones grow together.

fontanels

The mandible The mandibular _______is the opening for blood vessels and a nerve which supply the roots of the lower teeth. The _______foramen is an opening on the outside of the jaw for blood vessels and a nerve which supply the tissues of the chin and lower lip.

foramen;mental

The radius is the ________bone on same side as thumb. Extends from the elbow to the wrist. Disclike head allows the radius to rotate. Radial Tuberosity is the attachement for _______brachii. The styloid process is the distal end of the radius, provides attachments for ligaments of the wrist.

forearm;biceps

Each coxal bone is separated into three fused bones called; the ilium, ischium, and the pubis. The deep _______where the three bones meet is the ______(the socket for the head of the femur)

fossa; Acetabulum

The parietal bone is behind the _______bone. Forms the bulging sides of skull and roof of the cranium. They are fused at the midline along the sagittal suture and they meet the frontal bone along the coronal suture.

frontal

The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, _____ bone (supports the tongue), vertebral column and thoracic cage.

hyoid

The ______is the largest uppermost portion of the coxal bone. Forms the prominence of the hip;the margin of this prominence is called the illac crest. Illac fossa is the smooth concave surface on the anterior side. The greater ________ is the deep indentation for nerves and blood vessels. Ilium serves as attachments for ligaments and muscles, 4 tpes of iliac spines are the anterior superior, anterior inferior, posterior superior, and posterior inferior.

ilium; sciatic notch

The facial skeleton shapes the face, provides attachment for various muscles that move the ________and control facial expressions. Composed of ______ immovable bones and 1 movable lower jawbone.

jaw;13

The structure of a typical vertebra is a drum shaped body. The vertebral arch extends backwards from the body of the vertebra;formed by ______(flat parts of the arch; laminae end in a single end in a single sharp slender projection called a spinous process)Also formed by ________(short stalks projecting posterior from each body)

lamina;Pedicle

The hyoid bone is located in the neck, between the lower jaw and the _______. Held in place by muscles and ligaments only; does not articulate with any other bone. Supports the tongue and provides attachment sites for muscles that help move the tongue during swallowing. Often fracture during strangulation

larynx

The fibula is the thin bone ________to tibia. Its ends are slightly enlarged into the proximal head (articulates with the tibia) and the distal lateral malleolus (articulates with the ankle)

lateral

The metatarsals are 5 bones which articulate with the tarsals. The tarsals and metatarsals are arranged and bound by ligaments to form the arches of the foot. The two arches are the ________ which extends from the heel to toe, and the _______ which stretches across the foot.

longitudinal;transverse

The ischial is the ________L shaped protion of the coxal bone. The ischial spine is a sharp projection near the junction of ilium and ischium; can be felt during vaginal examination. The ischial tuberosity is the posteriorly pointing projection with a rough surface; provides attachments for muscles and ligaments of lower limb.

lowest;

Sphenoid Bone The foramen ovale is a opening through which the _______nerve passes and the foramen lacerum is an opening between temporal and sphenoid bones for ________artery. The optic canal is a opening in the posterior portion of orbit for optic nerve and opthalmic artery. The superior and inferior orbital fissure is an opening in the orbit for nerves and blood vessels. Also contains two sphenoidal sinuses separated by a bony septum

mandibular;pharyngeal

The palatine bone is a L-shaped bone behind the ______. The posterior portions from the posterior part of the hard palate.

maxillae

The Temporal Bone _________fossa is a depression where mandibular condyle articulates (condyle =rounded process). Carotid canal is a hole through which the carotid artery passes. Jugular _______is a opening which accommodates the inter jugualar vein.

mendibular;foramen

The vomer bone is a roughly triangular bone located along the midline of the nasal cavity. Joins the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and forms the ________

nasal septum

A cervical curvature has 7 vertebrae (bones) in the ______. The first vertebra is the atlas and supports the head. The second vertebra is the axis and bears a tooth-like dens; as the head is turned from side to side, the atlas pivots around the dens. _________processes of all cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina which serve as a passageway for arteries leading to brain. The 7th vertebra is called vertebra prominens and can be felt through the skin.

neck;Transverse

The cranium encloses and protects the brain. Composed of 8 bones. These bones include the frontal, parietal(2), _________, temporal(2), sphenoid, ethmoid,

occipital

The sacral curvature includes the_____________. The sacrum has 5 fused vertebrae forming a structure that articulates with coxal bones of the pelvis. The coxic (or tailbone) is 3-5 vertebrae that fuse by the 25th year and is the shock absorber

sacrum and coccyx

The typical rib structure includes the ___________________. The shaft curves around the chest and slopes downward. The head provides articulation with the body of the vertebra. The tubercle provides articulation with the traverse process of the vertebra

shaft, head, and tubercle

The tibia is the _____bone. The medial and lateral condyle are expansions at the proximal end;articulate with the condyles of the femur. The tibial tuberosity is a knoblike process; provides attachment for the patellar ligament. The anterior crest is a downward extension from the tibial tuberosity; attachment for the connective tissues in the leg. Medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner ankle; attachment for ligaments

shin

The temporal bone is the _______of the skull. It joins the parietal bones along the squamos suture. Mastoid process is a rounded process that provides attachment for certain neck muscles. The ______process is a pointed process that anchors muscles associated with the tongue and pharynx. External acoustic meatus is a canal which leads to the middle of the ear. ________process is the anterior projection from the temporal bone where it joins the zygomatic bone and helps form the zygomatic arch.

side;styloid;zygomatic

The structure of a typical vertebra The vertebral foramen is the hole between the vertebral arch and body; contains the _________. The transverse process is a projection between the pedicles and the laminae. The superior and inferior articular processes provide articulation with vertebra immediately above and below. The _______is the surfaces of the articular processes, covered with hyaline cartilage

spinal cord;facet

The scapula is flattened, triangular bones. The _______divides the posterior surface into unequal portions. Coracoid process provides attachments for upper limb and chest muscles. ________process forms the tip of the shoudler, articulates with the clavicle, and provides attachment for muscles. The glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the arm bone (humerus). Supraspinous and infraspinous fossa are depressions above and below the spine.

spine;Acromion

Clavicles are slender, rodlike bones with elongated s-shapes. They run horizontally between the _____and the shoulders. Provide attachments for muscles of the upper limbs, chest and back

sternum

The madible is the lower jaw. It is the largest and ______bone in the face. The only ______bone in the skull. A flat ramus projects upward at each end. Its posterior part is called mandibular condyle which articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. Its anterior part is called coronoid process which provides attachements for muscles used in chewing.

strongest;movable

The frontal bone is the forehead. It forms the anterior portion of the skull above the eyes. Blood vessels and nerves pass to the tissues through ___________ on the upper margin of each orbit. Two frontal sinuses, one above each eye.

supraorbital foramen

The lower limbs include the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, _____, metatarsals, and phalanges

tarsals

The patella is the knee cap. Sesamoid bone located in a _______that passes anteriorly over the knee. Functions to maintain the position of the tendon when the knee is flexed and to protect the knee joint.

tendon

The femur is the _____ bone and is the largest, strongest bone in the skeleton. The head projects into the acetabulum of the coxa, the neck is constriction below the head. The fovea capitis is a pit on the head; attachement for a ligament. Greater and lesser trochanter=two large processes; provide attachments for muscles of the lower lumbs and buttocks. Linea aspera is the crest in the middle third of the shaft; attachment for muscles.

thigh

The ______ is the forearm bone on the same side of the pinky. The trochlear notch receives trochlea of humerus. The olecranon process fits into the olecranon fossa (depression) of the humerus when the upper limb straightens at the elbow. The coronoid process fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus. The radial notch articulates with the head of the radius. The ________process= distal end; provides attachments for ligaments of the wrist.

ulna;styloid

Maxillary bone is the _________ and forms the anterior roof of the mouth (hard palate), the floors of the orbits, and the sides and floor of ______cavity. Contains the sockets of the upper teeth. The palatine process is portions of the maxillary bones that during development grow together and fuse along the median palatine suture, forming the anterior part of the hard palate.

upper jaw;nasal

The vertebral column extends from the skull to the pelvis and is composed of many bones called ______. Vertebrae are separated by masses of fibrocartilage called intervertebral ______. Vertebrae cushion forces caused by walking and jumping. Protects the spinal cord which passes through a vertebral canal formed by openings in the vertebrae

vertebrae;discs

The carpals (8) are the bones of the ______. These include the scaphoid, lunate, pisiform, __________, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. Firmly bound in two rows of four bones each. Distal surface articulates with the metacarpal bones.

wrist;triquertum