TEST 5 BIOLOGY

Approximately what percentage of energy in one trophic level is incorporated into the next one?

10%

Deserts can occur in regions where annual rainfall is less than

25cm

Freshwater makes up __________% of the world's supply of water.

3

Nitrogen makes up __________% of the atmosphere by volume.

78

Prokaryotic cells lack

A nucleus

Most bacteria are _______ because they require a constant supply of oxygen.

Aerobic

Which biome supports the greatest variety and number of large herbivores?

African savanna

Ice cream, cream cheese, & cosmetics are made from ____, a material produced by brown algae.

Algin

Which tundra occurs above the timberline on mountain ranges?

Alpine

A sexual spore produced by a sac fungus is called

An ascospore

Groundwater located in impermeable layers of rock is called a(n)

Aquifer

Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments?

Archaea

Green algae are believed to be closely related to first plants b/c both groups have all EXCEPT

Are on land

Deserts nights are cold because heat escapes easily into the

Atmosphere

In the virus life cycle, ____ on the capsid + receptor on bacterial wall fit like key + lock.

Attachment spikes

Fungi are NOT

Autotrophs

Energy flow in an ecosystem begins with

Autotrophs/producers (solar energy)

An antibiotic is a drug that selectively kills

Bacteria

Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen & depend on________ to make nitrogen available to them.

Bacteria

A new classification by domains separates traditional bacteria into

Bacteria and Archaea

The biosphere can be divided into large biogeographical units called

Biomes

The structures within an amoeba DO NOT include

Brain

Characteristics of cacti do NOT include

Broad leaves that fall off in winter

The seaweed observed on therocky shoreline in the north temperate zone (cold water) is actually

Brown algae

During _____, new viruses are released from the cell surface.

Budding

Phosphates CANNOT be found in

Car exhaust

Oxygen is required by cells to carry out

Cellular respiration

The largest group of protozoans are the

Ciliates

_____________ refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a particular region.

Climate

Cyanobacteria do NOT form

Complex tissues

The taiga is a __________ forest.

Coniferous

Prokaryotic cells have DNA, but it is contained within a

Cytoplasm and has no nuclear envelope (nucleiod region)

The broad-leaved trees of the temperate forest are termed

Deciduous because they are shed annually

Fungi and bacteria are detritus-feeders, also known as

Decomposers

These organisms break down organic matter and make inorganic matter available to plants

Decomposers

___are among the most numerous of algae in oceans & produce a major portion of the earth's O2.

Diatoms

"RedTide" is caused by

Dinoflagellates

________ are unicellular algae with an elaborate silica shell made in two halves that overlap.

Dinoflagellates

The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of

Either DNA or RNA

The idea that mitochondria resulted when a nucleated cell engulfed aerobic bacteria is known as

Endosymbiotic theory

Every ecosystem is characterized by which fundamental phenomena?

Energy flow and chemical cycling

The most highly productive community below would be

Estuaries

The place where a river empties into the sea is called a(n)

Estuary

Which is considered the nursery of the sea b/c of high amount of nutrients, juvenile fish, etc?

Estuary

During __, H2O changes from a liquid to gas & during __ H2O changes from a gas to a liquid.

Evaporation, condensation

Bacteria have short, fine, hairlike appendages called

Fimbrae

The idea that energy cannot becreated or destroyed, only changed from one state to another is

First law of thermodynamics

A transfer of nutrients from organism to organism in a sequence is called a(n)

Food chain

When numerous food chains link to each other in an ecosystem, it is known as a(n)

Food web

The types of aquatic communities are

Freshwater and saltwater communities

Molds and mushrooms belong to the kingdom

Fungi

The kingdom __________ is characterized by having filaments called hyphae.

Fungi

Which of the following are NOT in the Kingdom Protista?

Fungi

______are mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.

Fungi

A thick layer of peptidoglycan outside membrane stains purple with Gram stain, and is

Gram-positive bacteria

Viruses

Have a protein coat and a nucleic acid core

With every energy transformation, some energy is degraded into a less available form such as

Heat

Which type of animal feeds exclusively on plant material?

Herbivore

Significant bacterial diseases do NOT include such human infections as

Influenza

In contrast to energy, __________ do/does cycle through large natural ecosystems.

Inorganic chemicals

What is the biosphere made up of?

Land, water, and air

Which sequence would represent a plausible food chain?

Leaves, caterpillar, songbird, hawk

The ground cover usually found in the taiga is

Lichens and mosses

The area along the coastline which lies between the high and low tide marks isknown as the

Littoral zone

A virus takes over the ________ of the host cell when it reproduces.

Metabolic machinery

Archaea include

Methanogens, halophiles and thermoacidophiles

The study of microbes such as bacteria, archaea, protists, viruses, and fungi is

Microbiology

The zooplankton are

Microscopic animals that feedon phytoplankton in the water

A lichen is a __ relationship w/a green alga or cyanobacterium & a fungus (both benefit).

Mutualistic

A network of hyphae in fungi is called a

Mycelium

What does the theory of competitive exclusion state?

No 2 organisms can occupy the same niche at the same time.

Microbes which have beneficial effects and are found within the body are called

Normal microflora

The trees found in temperate deciduous forests include

Oak, beech, and maple

Given enough time, all water eventually returns to the

Oceans

Freshwater communities can be classified according to nutrient status as either

Oligotrophic and eutrophic

Humans are biologically adapted to be

Omnivores

Bacteria have a cell wall containing

Peptigoglycans

On the Arctic tundra, only the topmost layer of earth thaws; the ____ is always frozen.

Permafrost

In an aqueous environment, small algae are often called

Phytoplankton

Which organisms provide the most of the nutrient supply in the ocean?

Phytoplankton

The most common epiphytes are related to

Pineapples, orchids, and ferns

___________ are microscopic organisms that float in water.

Plankton

The most important human parasite among the sporozoa is ______, the causative agent of malaria.

Plasmodium vivax

Grasslands are called ____________ in North America.

Prairies

The main difference between a tropical rain forest and a savanna is the difference in

Precipitation

Plants, aquatic algae, and phytoplankton play what role in an ecosystem?

Primary producers

Creutzfeldt-Jacob & bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) are caused by

Prions

Protein particles that cause diseases by converting other protein's tertiary structure are

Prions

______are autotrophic organisms with ability to photosynthesize & to make food for themselves.

Producers

The capsid of the virus is composed of

Protein

Single-celled eukaryotes belong to the kingdom

Protista

The simplest of the Eukarya are the

Protists

Amoebids often have no definite shape & move and engulf prey by a cytoplasmic extension called

Pseudopod

When moist air moves up a mountain range and loses its moisture, the leeward side is a

Rain shadow

The above-ground portion of the mushroom is termed basidiocarp, which specializes in

Reproduction

Bacteria occur in what basic shape(s)?

Rod (bacillus), spherical (coccus), and spiral (spirillum)

Yeasts are

Sac fungi

Organims that feed on dead matter are called

Saprotrophic

An ecological pyramid contains all of the following EXCEPT

Saprotrophs

Bacteria do NOT undergo genetic recombination by

Sexual reproduction

Euglenoids have, near the base of the flagellum, an eyespot which

Shades a photoreceptor for detecting light

In order to infect a cell, a virus must

Special surface protein that acts w/protein on host surface

Which protist has a parasitic life cycle that involves the production of ineffective spores?

Sporozoans

What is ecology?

Study of organisms & interactions w/others and environment

In a typical food chain, the group with the smallest number of individuals would be the

Tertiary consumers

The division of the open ocean include ________ divisions.

The abyssal, bathypelagic, mesopelagic, and epipelagic

Which of the following is NOT a problem with antibiotic therapy?

The aftertaste

Which statement is true about bacteria?

The contain a single, circular DNA molecule

Global climate, and therefore the distribution of biomes, is dependent upon all EXCEPT

The time of day

B/c only about 10% of energy of one trophic level is converted into biomass at the next level

There are far fewer big fierce animals

Large trees are NOT found in the tundra for all reasons below EXCEPT

There are no seeds

Features that determine how much rain falls on various parts of the continent are all EXCEPT

Time of day

The sun's rays cause the water

To evaporate

All organisms that feed at each link in a food chain comprise a(n)

Trophic level

Endospores are formed by bacteria

Under unfavorable environmental conditions

Naked strands of RNA not covered by capsid are

Viroids

Which of the following are considered to be noncellular?

Viruses

Water molds are not placed with the fungi because

Water mold = cellulose cell walls; fungi = chitin cell walls

Which is the most accurate description of a virus?

Which is the most accurate description of a virus?

A detritus food chain begins

With decaying matter

Club fungi type(s) DO NOT include

Yeasts

Bacteria that are unable to grow in the presence of oxygen are

anaerobes

The oceans are a primary reservoir for carbon in the form of

calcium carbonated shells