TEST 5 BIOLOGY
Approximately what percentage of energy in one trophic level is incorporated into the next one?
10%
Deserts can occur in regions where annual rainfall is less than
25cm
Freshwater makes up __________% of the world's supply of water.
3
Nitrogen makes up __________% of the atmosphere by volume.
78
Prokaryotic cells lack
A nucleus
Most bacteria are _______ because they require a constant supply of oxygen.
Aerobic
Which biome supports the greatest variety and number of large herbivores?
African savanna
Ice cream, cream cheese, & cosmetics are made from ____, a material produced by brown algae.
Algin
Which tundra occurs above the timberline on mountain ranges?
Alpine
A sexual spore produced by a sac fungus is called
An ascospore
Groundwater located in impermeable layers of rock is called a(n)
Aquifer
Which type of prokaryotes are able to live in the most extreme environments?
Archaea
Green algae are believed to be closely related to first plants b/c both groups have all EXCEPT
Are on land
Deserts nights are cold because heat escapes easily into the
Atmosphere
In the virus life cycle, ____ on the capsid + receptor on bacterial wall fit like key + lock.
Attachment spikes
Fungi are NOT
Autotrophs
Energy flow in an ecosystem begins with
Autotrophs/producers (solar energy)
An antibiotic is a drug that selectively kills
Bacteria
Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen & depend on________ to make nitrogen available to them.
Bacteria
A new classification by domains separates traditional bacteria into
Bacteria and Archaea
The biosphere can be divided into large biogeographical units called
Biomes
The structures within an amoeba DO NOT include
Brain
Characteristics of cacti do NOT include
Broad leaves that fall off in winter
The seaweed observed on therocky shoreline in the north temperate zone (cold water) is actually
Brown algae
During _____, new viruses are released from the cell surface.
Budding
Phosphates CANNOT be found in
Car exhaust
Oxygen is required by cells to carry out
Cellular respiration
The largest group of protozoans are the
Ciliates
_____________ refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a particular region.
Climate
Cyanobacteria do NOT form
Complex tissues
The taiga is a __________ forest.
Coniferous
Prokaryotic cells have DNA, but it is contained within a
Cytoplasm and has no nuclear envelope (nucleiod region)
The broad-leaved trees of the temperate forest are termed
Deciduous because they are shed annually
Fungi and bacteria are detritus-feeders, also known as
Decomposers
These organisms break down organic matter and make inorganic matter available to plants
Decomposers
___are among the most numerous of algae in oceans & produce a major portion of the earth's O2.
Diatoms
"RedTide" is caused by
Dinoflagellates
________ are unicellular algae with an elaborate silica shell made in two halves that overlap.
Dinoflagellates
The innermost core of a virus's structure is made up of
Either DNA or RNA
The idea that mitochondria resulted when a nucleated cell engulfed aerobic bacteria is known as
Endosymbiotic theory
Every ecosystem is characterized by which fundamental phenomena?
Energy flow and chemical cycling
The most highly productive community below would be
Estuaries
The place where a river empties into the sea is called a(n)
Estuary
Which is considered the nursery of the sea b/c of high amount of nutrients, juvenile fish, etc?
Estuary
During __, H2O changes from a liquid to gas & during __ H2O changes from a gas to a liquid.
Evaporation, condensation
Bacteria have short, fine, hairlike appendages called
Fimbrae
The idea that energy cannot becreated or destroyed, only changed from one state to another is
First law of thermodynamics
A transfer of nutrients from organism to organism in a sequence is called a(n)
Food chain
When numerous food chains link to each other in an ecosystem, it is known as a(n)
Food web
The types of aquatic communities are
Freshwater and saltwater communities
Molds and mushrooms belong to the kingdom
Fungi
The kingdom __________ is characterized by having filaments called hyphae.
Fungi
Which of the following are NOT in the Kingdom Protista?
Fungi
______are mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems.
Fungi
A thick layer of peptidoglycan outside membrane stains purple with Gram stain, and is
Gram-positive bacteria
Viruses
Have a protein coat and a nucleic acid core
With every energy transformation, some energy is degraded into a less available form such as
Heat
Which type of animal feeds exclusively on plant material?
Herbivore
Significant bacterial diseases do NOT include such human infections as
Influenza
In contrast to energy, __________ do/does cycle through large natural ecosystems.
Inorganic chemicals
What is the biosphere made up of?
Land, water, and air
Which sequence would represent a plausible food chain?
Leaves, caterpillar, songbird, hawk
The ground cover usually found in the taiga is
Lichens and mosses
The area along the coastline which lies between the high and low tide marks isknown as the
Littoral zone
A virus takes over the ________ of the host cell when it reproduces.
Metabolic machinery
Archaea include
Methanogens, halophiles and thermoacidophiles
The study of microbes such as bacteria, archaea, protists, viruses, and fungi is
Microbiology
The zooplankton are
Microscopic animals that feedon phytoplankton in the water
A lichen is a __ relationship w/a green alga or cyanobacterium & a fungus (both benefit).
Mutualistic
A network of hyphae in fungi is called a
Mycelium
What does the theory of competitive exclusion state?
No 2 organisms can occupy the same niche at the same time.
Microbes which have beneficial effects and are found within the body are called
Normal microflora
The trees found in temperate deciduous forests include
Oak, beech, and maple
Given enough time, all water eventually returns to the
Oceans
Freshwater communities can be classified according to nutrient status as either
Oligotrophic and eutrophic
Humans are biologically adapted to be
Omnivores
Bacteria have a cell wall containing
Peptigoglycans
On the Arctic tundra, only the topmost layer of earth thaws; the ____ is always frozen.
Permafrost
In an aqueous environment, small algae are often called
Phytoplankton
Which organisms provide the most of the nutrient supply in the ocean?
Phytoplankton
The most common epiphytes are related to
Pineapples, orchids, and ferns
___________ are microscopic organisms that float in water.
Plankton
The most important human parasite among the sporozoa is ______, the causative agent of malaria.
Plasmodium vivax
Grasslands are called ____________ in North America.
Prairies
The main difference between a tropical rain forest and a savanna is the difference in
Precipitation
Plants, aquatic algae, and phytoplankton play what role in an ecosystem?
Primary producers
Creutzfeldt-Jacob & bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) are caused by
Prions
Protein particles that cause diseases by converting other protein's tertiary structure are
Prions
______are autotrophic organisms with ability to photosynthesize & to make food for themselves.
Producers
The capsid of the virus is composed of
Protein
Single-celled eukaryotes belong to the kingdom
Protista
The simplest of the Eukarya are the
Protists
Amoebids often have no definite shape & move and engulf prey by a cytoplasmic extension called
Pseudopod
When moist air moves up a mountain range and loses its moisture, the leeward side is a
Rain shadow
The above-ground portion of the mushroom is termed basidiocarp, which specializes in
Reproduction
Bacteria occur in what basic shape(s)?
Rod (bacillus), spherical (coccus), and spiral (spirillum)
Yeasts are
Sac fungi
Organims that feed on dead matter are called
Saprotrophic
An ecological pyramid contains all of the following EXCEPT
Saprotrophs
Bacteria do NOT undergo genetic recombination by
Sexual reproduction
Euglenoids have, near the base of the flagellum, an eyespot which
Shades a photoreceptor for detecting light
In order to infect a cell, a virus must
Special surface protein that acts w/protein on host surface
Which protist has a parasitic life cycle that involves the production of ineffective spores?
Sporozoans
What is ecology?
Study of organisms & interactions w/others and environment
In a typical food chain, the group with the smallest number of individuals would be the
Tertiary consumers
The division of the open ocean include ________ divisions.
The abyssal, bathypelagic, mesopelagic, and epipelagic
Which of the following is NOT a problem with antibiotic therapy?
The aftertaste
Which statement is true about bacteria?
The contain a single, circular DNA molecule
Global climate, and therefore the distribution of biomes, is dependent upon all EXCEPT
The time of day
B/c only about 10% of energy of one trophic level is converted into biomass at the next level
There are far fewer big fierce animals
Large trees are NOT found in the tundra for all reasons below EXCEPT
There are no seeds
Features that determine how much rain falls on various parts of the continent are all EXCEPT
Time of day
The sun's rays cause the water
To evaporate
All organisms that feed at each link in a food chain comprise a(n)
Trophic level
Endospores are formed by bacteria
Under unfavorable environmental conditions
Naked strands of RNA not covered by capsid are
Viroids
Which of the following are considered to be noncellular?
Viruses
Water molds are not placed with the fungi because
Water mold = cellulose cell walls; fungi = chitin cell walls
Which is the most accurate description of a virus?
Which is the most accurate description of a virus?
A detritus food chain begins
With decaying matter
Club fungi type(s) DO NOT include
Yeasts
Bacteria that are unable to grow in the presence of oxygen are
anaerobes
The oceans are a primary reservoir for carbon in the form of
calcium carbonated shells