test 6 (ch. 15)

There is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. Why do so many people believe the above statement?

A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.

One of the following is a symptom of paranoid personality disorder.

Hakim is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

______ is an example of flight of ideas.

Hugh talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.

_______identified psychological disorders as a harmful dysfunction.

Jerome C. Wakefield

One or more of the following is false of dissociative disorders.

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

The following is an example of hopelessness theory.

Pierre has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing he can do about it—this leads him to become depressed.

The following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder.

Rosario feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

One or two of the following is not a reason(s) that ADHD may be overdiagnosed.

The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.

_________argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms.

Thomas Szasz

One of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model.

Victor has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Researchers found_____after conducting the following study. A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life.

a combination of genetics, mental predisposition, and bad parenting combined with the MMR vaccination caused autism spectrum disorder delaying vaccinations lessened the odds that a child would develop autism spectrum disorder after a vaccination quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life was related to the development of autism spectrum disorder the quality of immunogens from vaccines received during the ages of 3-6 were not substantially related to the development of autism spectrum disorder NONE OF THE ABOVE

Umberto is noticeably fidgety and jittery. He can't sit still; he paces, wrings his hands, and pulls at his clothing constantly. Umberto suffers from psychomotor________.

agitation

Matt was diagnosed by Dr. Johnson with major depressive disorder because he ________.

appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless

Ian can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him tested to see if he has ________.

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

____________ia a childhood disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests.

autism spectrum disorder

The ________ perspective states that psychological disorders result mostly from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

biological, psychological

Cheynne notices that her daughter, Marisha is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Cheynne can barely see the freckles, but Marisha spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Cheynne believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.

body dysmorphic

Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Annisha's personality? Annisha cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Annisha wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband.

borderline personality disorder

Eleanor is delusional. The belief that she ________ is an example of a delusion.

can perform miracles

_________is another word for etiology.

causes

Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack. What should be changed to make the above sentence true?

change the word acrophobia to the word agoraphobia

For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding.What should be changed to make the above sentence true?

change the word natural to the word supernatural

Hillary is overly concerned about germs. Identify the obsession in the above sentence.

concern over germs

Which model states that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events?

diathesis-stress

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a characteristic of personality disorders.

differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture

Toby has schizophrenia. What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.

disorganized thinking

Carlito wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Carlito may be experiencing a(n) ________.

dissociative fugue

Mia exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. King diagnosed Mia with ________ disorder.

dissociative identity

One or more of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders.

excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

______does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder.

experiencing trauma in isolation

_________is not an example of suicidal ideation.

fearing you will die

Jose Luis worries about things that he can't control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He doesn't drive because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Jose Luis probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

The stress model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress. What should be changed to make the above true?

insert the word diathesis- before the first appearance of the word stress

The following is an example of avolition?

lack of motivation to bathe yourself

Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Felipo's personality? Felipo has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others.

narcissistic personality disorder

the kind of symptoms that involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives is called_______.

negative

Aiden is a perfectionist who would rather turn in work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. He spends so much time working that he doesn't have time for anything else. Aiden is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he doesn't compromise. The following diagnoses accounts for Aiden's personality.

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

__________is the brain region that is believed to play a critical role in OCD.

orbitofrontal cortex

Identify the compulsion in the following example. Guisipe can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.

organizing the books

Don is delusional. ________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.

paranoid

Dennis experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Dennis suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

One of the following is not a risk factor for suicide.

popular music that promotes suicide

Maria Elena has schizophrenia which is considered a ________ disorder.

psychotic

Kieran talks and moves slowly. When asked a question, he answers slowly in monotone monosyllables, if he answers at all. Kieran is experiencing psychomotor________.

retardation

________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself.

safety behaviors

Which of the following disorders is Amalie living with? Amalie's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships.

schizophrenia

Marsha experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during midwinter. What kind of depression does Marsha have?

seasonal pattern

Sean is suicidal. ________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.

suicidal ideation

Becky suffers from depression. Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth

Because of Lorna' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.

wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.