Test one Advanced Imaging Modalities

The window width is 400 and ranges from -50 to +350. Therefore, the window level is 100. TRUE OR FLASE

FALSE

As pitch increases, patient dose: is unaffected decreases increases

decreases

When using a gonadal shield for a CT exam, the shield should be: 1) placed anteriorly on top of the pelvis 2) it is not necessary to use gonadal shielding for CT scans 3) wrapped 360 degrees around the patient 4) placed posteriorly underneath the pelvis

wrapped 360 degrees around the patient

What is the position of the x-ray tube in relation to the gantry when obtaining a lateral scout scan for a brain.

x-ray tube is horizontal or in the 9 o' clock position

Which of the following CT numbers represents water? + 1000 0 +500 -1000

0

One tesla is equal to ________ gauss. Answers: 100 1,000 10,000 100,000

10,000

The typical kilovolt peak (kVp) range used for CT scans is: 90-100 100-120 100-140 120-160

100-140

The ________ is a perimeter around the scanner defining where the static field is potentially hazardous. Answers: 1.5 T circle 5-gauss line 3.0 T line 3-gauss circle

5-gauss line

Which of the following is considered a secondary protective radiation barrier? thyroid shield protective glasses lead apron CT control room walls

CT control room walls

As slice thickness increases, the patient's dose increases? True or False

False

A standard algorithm program was used to reconstruct the brain from the top of the head to the base of the skull. In order to have images that show bone contrast, the technologist must readjust the: 1) raw data 2) the window level 3) the window width a. 1 only b. 1&2 only c. 2&3 only d. 1,2 & 3

c. 2&3 only

In multi-slice CT, as the pitch increases, the z gap _____ and image quality _______. increases, is unaffected increases, increases decreases, increases increases, decreases

decreases, increases

The CT dose index (CTDI) is most accurate when applied to: multislice scanners single-slice scanners helical/spiral scanners

single-slice scanners

All power to the gantry of a spiral-helical CT scanner is conveyed via: rotating wire brushes slip rings high tension cables photon flux

slip rings

In multislice CT scanners, detector systems with equal-size detector elements are called _____ arrays. curved symmetric adaptive linear

symmetric

The mathematical unit that describes shades of gray on a CT image is called: the Hounsfield unit the window width the window level a voxel unit

the Hounsfield unit

When protons spin, they: 1.create a small magnetic field. 2.create a small magnetic moment. 3.lose their electrical charge. Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1 and 2 1.create a small magnetic field. 2.create a small magnetic moment.

The process of producing voltage using magnetic fields is called: 1.electromagnetic induction. 2.the Larmor equation. 3.the Faraday law. Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1 and 3 electromagnetic induction. the Faraday law.

The direction parallel to the B0 is the: 1.longitudinal direction. 2.transverse plane. 3.Z axis. Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1 and 3 longitudinal direction. .Z axis.

Window level (WL) refers to: 1) the midpoint in a range of CT numbers 2) image contrast 3) image brightness

1&3 1) the midpoint in a range of CT numbers 3) image brightness

Which of the following most closely approximates the actual radiation dose to a specific patient for a specific exam? 1) dose length product (DLP) 2) multiple scan average dose (MSAD) 3) none of these

1) dose length product (DLP)

Fringe magnetic fields can interact with: 1.CT scanners. 2.pacemakers. 3.nuclear medicine scanners. 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

A patient in the scanner during an uncontrolled quench should be removed immediately to avoid possible: 1.frostbite. 2.ruptured tympanic membrane. 3.asphyxiation. Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3 1.frostbite. 2.ruptured tympanic membrane. 3.asphyxiation.

Sudden increases in body temperature from RF energy can cause problems for patients with: 1.high blood pressure. 2.certain cardiac conditions. 3.diabetes Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3 1.high blood pressure. 2.certain cardiac conditions. 3.diabetes

Which of the following MR scanner types work well for large claustrophobic patients? 1.short bore 2.open bore 3.high field Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3 1.short bore 2.open bore 3.high field

Preventing potentially serious injury or death from strong magnetic field strengths requires: 1.a knowledgeable and concerned MR technologist. 2.controlled access to the magnetic field. 3.a detailed medical history of anyone entering the room. Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3 a knowledgeable and concerned MR technologist. controlled access to the magnetic field. a detailed medical history of anyone entering the room.

Under normal conditions, for which of the following magnet types is the magnetic field always on? 1.resistive 2.permanent 3.superconducting Answers: 1 and 2 1 and 3 2 and 3 1, 2, and 3

2 and 3 permanent superconducting

Second generation scanning employed: 1) a pencil beam/a single detector 2) a fan beam/ multidectectors 3) more indexing (compared with first generation scanners) 1 only 1&3 2&3 2 only

2 only a fan beam/ multidectectors

For CT scanning, as mAs increases, patient dose_____ and image noise _________. 1) increases, increases 2) decreases, increases 3) increases, decreases 4) decreases, decreases

3) increases, decreases

50 millisievert (mSv) is equal to: 50 Gy 5 rem 100 Gy 15 rem

5 rem

The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) recommends that the annual occupational dose for imaging professionals not exceed: 1 mSv 5 Sv 5 mSv 50 mSv

50 mSv

Which generation of CT scanners is associated with the term "EBCT" and the use of an electron beam gun? 4th 7th 5th 6th

5th

Gating is a technique that can effectively reduce patient dose by as much as _____% 80 70 90 100

70

According to FDA guidelines, adults can be scanned using a static magnetic field strength of up to ______ T. Answers: 3.0 1.5 11.0 8.0

8.0

CT scanner x-ray tube voltages range from _____ to_____ kilovolts (kV) 80, 120 80, 140 60, 100 100, 160

80, 140

The static magnetic field is abbreviated as ________. Answers: Bg B0 M B1

B0

Which of the following statements is true regarding magnetism? 1.Diamagnetic substances are repelled by the magnetic field. 2.Tungsten, platinum and gadolinium are examples of 3.diamagnetic substances. 4.Most substances have no magnetism. 5.Diamagnetic substances have unpaired orbital electrons.

Diamagnetic substances are repelled by the magnetic field.

A seamless shield surrounding the MR room is called a(n)________. birdcage fringe shield active shield Faraday cage

Faraday cage

Which of these is not a characteristic of a superconducting magnet? Answers: Electrical current flows without resistance. Cost is between $1 million and $3 million. Field strengths are limited to below 2T. It uses liquid cryogens to control resistance.

Field strengths are limited to below 2T.

________ are used to cool the wires of superconducting magnets. Answers: Synthetic chemicals Special electrical systems Solid cryogens Liquid cryogens

Liquid cryogens

If a patient has an emergency while in the scanning room, how should the MR technologist physically address administering lifesaving procedures? Answers: Transfer the patient to the emergency department. Leave the patient where he or she is to do no further harm. Remove the patient from the scanner, but keep the patient in the room and begin CPR. Remove the patient from the MR scanning room to a safe area on an MR-conditional stretcher and then begin lifesaving procedures.

Remove the patient from the MR scanning room to a safe area on an MR-conditional stretcher and then begin lifesaving procedures.

The size of the field of view (FOV) represents the length of the diameter created when the x-ray tube scans around the patient. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

T1 sagittal

The attached image represents: Answers: T1 sagittal DWI FLAIR axial T2 sagittal

an MRA of the carotid arteries

This image should be described as a lower extremity venogram an MRA of the carotid arteries an MRA of the COW none of the above

a T2 coronal brain

This image should be described as: Answers: a T2 axial brain a T1 axial brain a T1 coronal brain a T2 coronal brain

a T1 coronal brain

This image should be described as: Answers: a T1 axial brain a T2 sagittal brain a T2 coronal brain a T1 coronal brain

An image is said to have good spatial resolution if the boundaries of an object are distinct and have sharp borders. True or False

True

As windows width increases the contrast decreases True or False

True

Linear attenuation coefficient values relate directly to density depicted as a CT number, where the CT value zero represents water density. True or False

True

Which of the following would most likely be associated with a CT scan of the lung? WW 80; WL -400 WW 1500; WL 400 WW 80; WL 40 WW 1600; WL 300

WW 1500; WL 400

Which of the zones established by the ACR for safety, houses the actual magnet? Answers: Zone I Zone II Zone III Zone IV

Zone IV

The function of a bow-tie filter is/are to: 1) decreases the beam energy at the periphery of the patient 2) shape the beam to be more polychromatic 3) minimize beam hardening artifacts a. 1 only b. 1&2 only c. 2&3 only d. 1,2&3

a. 1 only decrease the beam energy at the periphery of the patient

An image that appears grainy is said to have low ______. Answers: a. SNR b. Scan time c. Spatial resolution d. NEX

a. SNR

The x-ray photons transmitted through the patient are received by a/an: a. array detectors b. image receptor c. image intensifier d. selenium plate

a. array detectors

As a technologist, if you want to decrease the original pixel size by half, what scanning parameter must be changed? a. field of view (FOV) b. slice thickness c. decrease the number of pixels d. increase the number of pixels

a. field of view (FOV)

Which complication is most likely during an MRI of a patient who has had a pacemaker removed but still has the leads in place? Answers: a. induced current in the leads b. displacement of the leads due to magnetic force c. hemorrhage from torquing (twisting) of the lead d. non-functioning pacemaker

a. induced current in the leads

Family members or non-MRI personnel accompanying a patient into the exam room: Answers: a. should undergo the same screening process used on the patient b. can safely enter the scan room to check on the patient but cannot stay during the scan c. do not need to be screened since they will not be in the scanner d. must wear magnetic shielding during the scan

a. should undergo the same screening process used on the patient

In CT imaging, the Z- axis refers to the _____ plane. sagittal axial coronal oblique

axial

Volume acquisition scanners are based on: 1. slice-by-slice data acquisition 2.slip-ring technology 3. continuous rotation of the x-ray tube a. 1,2&3 b. 2&3 c.1&2 d. 1&3

b. 2&3 2. slip-ring technology 3. continuous rotation of the x-ray tube

The time between excitation pulses is known as the: a. TE b. TR c. TI d. wait time

b. TR

A patient with ferromagnetic intracranial aneurysm clips is at risk of Answers: a. thermal injuries b. intracranial hemorrhage from torquing (twisting) of the clip c. hearing loss d. all of these e. pulling of the clip out of the cranium

b. intracranial hemorrhage from torquing (twisting) of the clip

A T1 weighted image is produced using a _____ TR and a _____ TE and produces an image with _______ fat. Answers: a. long; short; bright b. long; long; bright c. short; short; bright d. long; long; dark e. short; short; dark

c. short; short; bright

Patients with large or especially dark tattoos are at risk of Answers: a. torquing injuries b. nothing c. thermal injuries d. current induction in the skin

c. thermal injuries

A CT gantry includes all of the following components except: detectors collimators bow tie filters central processing unit

central processing unit

Beam-shaping filters are designed to: remove higher-energy photons from the beam restrict the path of photons coming from the x-ray tube change the spatial resolution of the beam decrease subject contrast

change the spatial resolution of the beam

Which of these is not a contraindication for entering the MR suite? claustrophobia cardiac pacemakers infusion pumps aneurysm clips

claustrophobia

An image acquisition that divides the body into front and back halves is called a(n) ________ projection. Answers: coronal sagittal transverse axial

coronal

Which of the following statements are true regarding MR imaging of a pregnant patient? Answers: a. MRI procedures are considered completely safe since they do not use ionizing radiation b. MRI should never be performed on a pregnant patient because the harmful effects are not fully understood c. gadolinium based contrast have been proven have no effect on the fetus d. Each situation should be evaluated based on the benefit vs risk of the procedure

d. Each situation should be evaluated based on the benefit vs risk of the procedure

In preparation for an MRI procedure, patients should be encouraged to: Answers: a. wear their own clothing so they feel at home during the study b. wear a wrist watch to monitor the length of the scan time c. keep their hearing aids in so they can hear and follow the technologists instructions d. none of the above

d. none of the above

The people who should be educated about the effects of the static magnetic field, especially in high field superconducting magnets, are: Answers: a. nursing staff and the code team b. housekeeping and fire department c. anesthesiologists and respiratory therapists d. a and c only e. all of the above

e. all of the above

First generation scanners were only capable of imaging the: head/brain and extremities chest, abdomen/pelvis extremities head/brain

head/brain

Generators are often times located within the gantry. These types of generators are typically: high frequency medium frequency full wave/ 3 phase multiwave/ 2 phase

high frequency

A superconducting magnetic field generally runs: 1. horizontally along the long axis of the patient's body. 2. in a straight line from the magnet bore to the edge of the room. 3.horizontally from bore to wall. 4.vertically from ceiling to floor.

horizontally along the long axis of the patient's body.

In multidetector CT scanning, which of the following determines slice thickness? image reconstruction parameters postpatient collimators detector type prepatient collimators

image reconstruction parameters

When a ferromagnetic object gets closer to the magnet, the magnetic force pulling the object: Answers: stops suddenly. decreases slightly. increases exponentially. increases slightly

increases exponentially.

When a spiral-helical CT scanner takes a scout image, the x-ray tube: is stationary rotates around the patient can take a frontal and lateral projection at the same time

is stationary

Compared to barium used for regular fluoroscopy procedures, the barium used for CT procedures is : more dense of the same density less dense

less dense

A pitch of ________ results in the highest dose to the patient. less than 1 pitch does not affect patient dose 1 2

less than 1

A permanent magnet usually is constructed of magnetized ceramic bricks or a magnetized alloy made of aluminum, ________ and ________. Answers: nickel; cobalt steel; nickel tungsten; nickel cobalt; tungsten

nickel; cobalt

In a well-known accident that occurred in July 2001, a(n) ________ flew through the scanner room, striking and killing a 6-year-old boy. Answers: oxygen tank emergency crash cart pair of forceps wheelchair

oxygen tank

First generation CT scanners used _____ beam scanning. fan cone pencil pinpoint

pencil

Which of the following describes a characteristic of a first-generation CT scanner? a. image intensifier b. multiple beam sources & multi-row detectors c. pencil x-ray beam and 1 detector d. multiple detectors and fan beam

pencil x-ray beam and 1 detector

Which of the following would normally not be used to administer contrast with a power injector? perma-cath power PICC line power port-a-cath any of these may be safely used

perma-cath

When image data is acquired by a CT scanner, it goes through a process known as: quantization photon flux convolution digitization

quantization

MR-approved ECG leads are made of ________ to prevent thermal burns. Answers: aluminum nickel titanium silver

silver