Chapter 8 C and T spine
A form of rheumatoid arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Location in vertebrae- Sternal angle
T4-T5
Which specific thoracic vertebrae are classified as typical thoracic vertebrae?
T5-T8
Location in vertebrae- 3 to 4 in below jugular notch
T7
Location in vertebrae- Xiphoid process (tip)
T9-T10
A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical vertebra is called?
Articular pillar
Comminuted fracture of the vertebral body with posterior fragments displaced into the spinal canal
Teardrop burst fracture
Fracture through the pedicles and anterior arch of C2 with forward displacement upon C3
Hangman's fracture
Sacrum (#bones)
1
Thoracic (#bones)
12
Coccyx (#bones)
26
Lumbar (#bones)
5
Cervical #bones
7
The zygapophyseal joints for the second through seventh cervical vertebrae are at a _______ degree angle to the midsagittal plane; the thoracic vertebrae are at a _____ degree angle to the midsagittal plane.
90 degree 70-75 degree
Name the structure- Center portion of sternum
Body
The two main parts of typical vertebra are the ______ and the______?
Body Vertebral arch
Location in vertebrae- Mastoid Tip
C1
List the alternative names for the following cervical vertebrae?
C1- Atlas C2- Axis C7- vertebra prominence
Location in vertebrae- Gonion
C3
Location in vertebrae- Thyroid Cartilage
C4-C6
Location in vertebrae- Vertebra prominence
C7-T1
For the central ray to pass through and " open" the intervertebral spaces on a 45 degree posterior oblique projection of the cervical vertebrae, what central ray angle (if any) is required?
Cephalic 15 degree
Indicate which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or compensatory curves.
Cervical Lumbar
Concave curve
Cervical Spine and lumbar spine
Develops as child learns to hold head erect
Cervical spine
Secondary curve
Cervical spine and lumbar spine
Avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C7
Clay shoveler's fracture
The modified body of C2 is called the ______ or ______.
Dens Odontoid process
The zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebrae are visualized only in a true later position?
False
The condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as?
Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
The ______ foramina are created by two small notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the pedicles
Intervertebral
Impact fracture from axial loading of the anterior and posterior arch of C1
Jefferson fracture
Name the structure- Superior margin of this upper section (landmark)
Jugular notch
Abnormal or exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine
Kyphosis
The _____ are two aspect of the vertebral arch that extend posteriorly from each pedicle to join at the midline.
Lamina
What is the term for the C1 vertebra?
Lateral Mass
An abnormal, or exaggerated, "sway back" lumbar curvature is called?
Lordosis
Name the structure- Upper portion of sternum
Manubrium
Location in vertebrae- Jugular notch
T2-T3
The spinal cord begins with the _________ of the brain and extends down to the _________ vertebra, where it tapers and ends. This tapered ending is called the ________.
Medulla oblongata Lower border of L1 Conus medullaris
What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular process of C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull?
Occipitalatlantal articulation
List the outer and inner aspects of the interverbral disk.
Outer aspect- annulus fibrosus Inner aspect- nucleus pulposus
What is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other vertebrae?
Presence of facets for articulation with ribs
A lack of symmetry of the zygapophyseal joint between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or may be associated with _________?
Rotation of the skull
Mild form of scoliosis and kyphosis developing during adolescence
Scheurmann disease
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
An abnormal lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called?
Scoliosis
Which structures pass through the intervertebral foramina?
Spinal nerves and blood vessels
Inflammation of the vertebrae
Spondylitis
Name the structure- Joint between top and center portions (landmark)
Sternal angle
List the two primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column
Thoracic Sacral
Convex curve
Thoracic spine and Sacrum
Primary curve
Thoracic spine and Sacrum
In addition to the gonads, which other radiosensitive organs are of greatest concern during cervical and thoracic spine radiography?
Thyroid, parathyroid glands and breats
List three features that make the cervical vertebrae unique.
Transverse foramina Bifid spinous process Overlapping vertebral bodies
Only T1, T11, and T12 have full facets for articulation with ribs?
True
Produces the "bow tie" sign
Unilateral subluxation
Name the structure- Most inferior aspect of sternum (landmark)
Xiphoid process
Is found between the superior and inferior articular processes?
Zygapophyseal joints
The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the?
vertebral (spinal cord)