WEEk 2 - QUIZ 2

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The proliferative phase of healing includes

- -

Not a macrotrauma injury- aka not acute

Achilles tendinitis

Comminuted fractures are often produced by excessive torsional and bending loads.

FALSE

A tendon begins to develop tears when it is stretched approximately 5 to 8% beyond normal length

TRUE

Although the most rapid bone growth occurs prior to adulthood, bones continue to grow in diameter throughout most of the life span.

TRUE

Which of the following is not a chemical mediator associated with the inflammatory and proliferation phases of healing?

dopamine

Afferent nerves

nerves carrying sensory input from

Mechanism: ankle inversion sprain

tensile force

mechanism: quadriceps strain

tensile force

The fiber arrangement of the dermis enables the tissue to resist loads from

-compression -

Strains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability, and/or muscle weakness are categorized as

2nd degree injuries

a tendon begins to tears when it's stretched, what percent? beyond normal length

5 to 8%

what 2 potential effects occur when a force acts on an object?

Acceleration is the change in velocity of the object which the force is applied. Deformation is a change in shape.

Because the bones of children contain less collagen than adult bones, they are less flexible and less resistant to fracture than adult bones.

FALSE

Compact bone tissue of relatively high density is termed cortical bone

FALSE

Extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched and to return to normal length after either lengthening or shortening.

FALSE

Force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed tensile force.

FALSE

If blood or other bodily fluids visibly contaminated with blood are present on a surface, the bleach solution made for immediate use should consist of 1 part bleach for 5 parts water.

FALSE

If tissues undergo abnormally high tensile stress before scar formation is complete, the newly forming tissue can be elongated and much stronger than the original tissue.

FALSE

In most acute sports related injuries, pain is initiated by chemosensitive nociceptors

FALSE

Scar tissue is fibrous, elastic, and highly vascular and thus is just as functional as the original tissue.

FALSE

Stress is the amount of deformation an object undergoes in response to an applied force.

FALSE

When a force is sustained by the tissues of the human body, the amount of injury is solely determined by the material properties of the involved tissues.

FALSE

Because bone is stronger in resisting tension than compression, the side of the bone loaded in compression will fracture if the bending moment is sufficiently large.

FASLE

TRUE STATEMENT

Ligament resist small tensile loads from directions other than along their long axis

The growth hormone that acts as a chemical attractant for fibroblasts, neutrophils, and macrophages is

PDGF

Bradykinin increases vessel permeability and stimulates the nerve endings to cause pain.

TRUE

During the acute inflammatory phase, heparin is released into the injured area, acting as an anticoagulant which results in increased swelling.

TRUE

Each time a force acts on an object, acceleration and deformation occurs

TRUE

If a wound could potentially generate droplets of fluid, protective masks and eyewear should be worn to prevent aerosolization of fluids into the mouth, nose, and eyes of the health care provider.

TRUE

In tendons, the collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel pattern, enabling resistance of high, unidirectional tensile loads when the attached muscle contracts.

TRUE

Longitudinal bone growth continues only as long as the bone's epiphyseal plates continue to exist.

TRUE

One of the most important universal safety precautions to prevent the spread of disease is the regular use of latex gloves when working with blood or bodily fluids.

TRUE

Stress is defined as force divided by the surface area over which the force is applied.

TRUE

Tensile loading that involves a tendon or ligament pulling a small chip of bone away from the rest of the bone is called an avulsion fracture.

TRUE

When a nerve is loaded in tension, the nerve fibers tend to rupture prior to the rupturing of the surrounding connective tissue sheath.

TRUE

this explains that bones remodel and adapt to forces placed upon them

Wolff's law

hermatoma

a localized mass of blood and lymph

muscle spasm is due to

a reflex action initiated by a mechanical blow

a skin laceration is a result of

a tensile and shearing force

a tissue that resists a force better from a horizontal position than a vertical position

anisotrophic

A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone, as fascia to bind muscles together, or to strengthen an area

aponeuroses

plantar fascia is

aponeuroses

dermatome

areas of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

a force acting along the long axis of a structure

axial force

collagen is the major component of all but which of the following tissues

bone

The substance that increases vessel permeability and stimulates nerve endings to cause pain is

bradykinin

what stimulates nerve endings and causes pain during the vasodilation phase of inflammation.

bradykinin

Crepitus with movement, inflammation, local swelling, and nodule formation in the tendon sheath are characteristics of

chronic tenosynovitis

the mechanism of injury for a muscle contusion is

compression

mechanism: cervical fracture

compressive force

mechanism: contusion

compressive force

Remodeling of bone tissue involves osteoblast activity on the _______ side of the fracture

concave

for a muscle to shorten, it must:

contract concentrically

longitudinal bone growth occurs at the bone's

epiphyseal plates

Ability of a muscle to stretch

extensibility

immature connective tissue cells are termed

fibroblasts

scar tissue trait

fibrous, inelastic, nonvascular

An incomplete fracture cause by bending and torsional loads is a

greenstick fracture

hypoxia

having a reduced concentration of oxygen

what aids in the prevention of blood coagulation

heparin

what is the first chemical mediator to appear during the inflammatory stage of tissue healing

histamine

Rubor, calor, tumor, dolor, and loss of function are symptoms of

inflammation

acute ankle sprain. the force producing this injury is

macrotrauma

what two factors determine whether an injury occurs when a force is sustained by tissues in the human body?

magnitude of forces and tissue's material properties

efferent nerves

nerves carrying motor stimuli from the brain to the muscles

random regrowth of a nerve after injury is called a

neuroma

The bones cells that form new bone tissue are called

osteoblast

Any condition characterized by degeneration or aseptic necrosis of the articular cartilage due to limited blood supply is termed

osteochondrosis

small diameter, slow transmission nerves carry impulses for what sensation

pain

Stage 2 Tendinitis

pain during activity and does not restrict performance

phagocytosis

process by which leukocytes ingest

As part of the healing of soft tissue, fibroblast production of a supportive network of TYPE I and II collagen takes place

proliferation phase

a force that acts parallel to a plane passing through the object is

shear force

Mechanism: spiral tibial fracture

shearing/torsion force

nociceptors

specialized nerve endings that transduce pain

distribution of force over a given area

stress

ecchymosis

superficial tissue discoloration

because the nerve roots on the spinal cord are not protected by connective tissue, they are particularly susceptible to what kind of injury

tensile

overthrown ball strained an adductor muscle. what type of force would have been produced from this injury?

tensile

ligamentous injuries are caused by

tensile force

mechanism: deltoid strain

tensile force

the product of force and its moment

torque

An acute epiphyseal injury characterized by fracture of part of the epiphysis and metaphysis is categorized as a

type IV injury

The beginning of the acute inflammatory phase is marked by

vasoconstriction

Applying ice, compression, and elevation to an acute injury decreases injury to the

zone of secondary injury


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