WEEk 2 - QUIZ 2
The proliferative phase of healing includes
- -
Not a macrotrauma injury- aka not acute
Achilles tendinitis
Comminuted fractures are often produced by excessive torsional and bending loads.
FALSE
A tendon begins to develop tears when it is stretched approximately 5 to 8% beyond normal length
TRUE
Although the most rapid bone growth occurs prior to adulthood, bones continue to grow in diameter throughout most of the life span.
TRUE
Which of the following is not a chemical mediator associated with the inflammatory and proliferation phases of healing?
dopamine
Afferent nerves
nerves carrying sensory input from
Mechanism: ankle inversion sprain
tensile force
mechanism: quadriceps strain
tensile force
The fiber arrangement of the dermis enables the tissue to resist loads from
-compression -
Strains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability, and/or muscle weakness are categorized as
2nd degree injuries
a tendon begins to tears when it's stretched, what percent? beyond normal length
5 to 8%
what 2 potential effects occur when a force acts on an object?
Acceleration is the change in velocity of the object which the force is applied. Deformation is a change in shape.
Because the bones of children contain less collagen than adult bones, they are less flexible and less resistant to fracture than adult bones.
FALSE
Compact bone tissue of relatively high density is termed cortical bone
FALSE
Extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched and to return to normal length after either lengthening or shortening.
FALSE
Force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed tensile force.
FALSE
If blood or other bodily fluids visibly contaminated with blood are present on a surface, the bleach solution made for immediate use should consist of 1 part bleach for 5 parts water.
FALSE
If tissues undergo abnormally high tensile stress before scar formation is complete, the newly forming tissue can be elongated and much stronger than the original tissue.
FALSE
In most acute sports related injuries, pain is initiated by chemosensitive nociceptors
FALSE
Scar tissue is fibrous, elastic, and highly vascular and thus is just as functional as the original tissue.
FALSE
Stress is the amount of deformation an object undergoes in response to an applied force.
FALSE
When a force is sustained by the tissues of the human body, the amount of injury is solely determined by the material properties of the involved tissues.
FALSE
Because bone is stronger in resisting tension than compression, the side of the bone loaded in compression will fracture if the bending moment is sufficiently large.
FASLE
TRUE STATEMENT
Ligament resist small tensile loads from directions other than along their long axis
The growth hormone that acts as a chemical attractant for fibroblasts, neutrophils, and macrophages is
PDGF
Bradykinin increases vessel permeability and stimulates the nerve endings to cause pain.
TRUE
During the acute inflammatory phase, heparin is released into the injured area, acting as an anticoagulant which results in increased swelling.
TRUE
Each time a force acts on an object, acceleration and deformation occurs
TRUE
If a wound could potentially generate droplets of fluid, protective masks and eyewear should be worn to prevent aerosolization of fluids into the mouth, nose, and eyes of the health care provider.
TRUE
In tendons, the collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel pattern, enabling resistance of high, unidirectional tensile loads when the attached muscle contracts.
TRUE
Longitudinal bone growth continues only as long as the bone's epiphyseal plates continue to exist.
TRUE
One of the most important universal safety precautions to prevent the spread of disease is the regular use of latex gloves when working with blood or bodily fluids.
TRUE
Stress is defined as force divided by the surface area over which the force is applied.
TRUE
Tensile loading that involves a tendon or ligament pulling a small chip of bone away from the rest of the bone is called an avulsion fracture.
TRUE
When a nerve is loaded in tension, the nerve fibers tend to rupture prior to the rupturing of the surrounding connective tissue sheath.
TRUE
this explains that bones remodel and adapt to forces placed upon them
Wolff's law
hermatoma
a localized mass of blood and lymph
muscle spasm is due to
a reflex action initiated by a mechanical blow
a skin laceration is a result of
a tensile and shearing force
a tissue that resists a force better from a horizontal position than a vertical position
anisotrophic
A strong, flat sheet of fibrous connective tissue that serves as a tendon to attach muscles to bone, as fascia to bind muscles together, or to strengthen an area
aponeuroses
plantar fascia is
aponeuroses
dermatome
areas of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
a force acting along the long axis of a structure
axial force
collagen is the major component of all but which of the following tissues
bone
The substance that increases vessel permeability and stimulates nerve endings to cause pain is
bradykinin
what stimulates nerve endings and causes pain during the vasodilation phase of inflammation.
bradykinin
Crepitus with movement, inflammation, local swelling, and nodule formation in the tendon sheath are characteristics of
chronic tenosynovitis
the mechanism of injury for a muscle contusion is
compression
mechanism: cervical fracture
compressive force
mechanism: contusion
compressive force
Remodeling of bone tissue involves osteoblast activity on the _______ side of the fracture
concave
for a muscle to shorten, it must:
contract concentrically
longitudinal bone growth occurs at the bone's
epiphyseal plates
Ability of a muscle to stretch
extensibility
immature connective tissue cells are termed
fibroblasts
scar tissue trait
fibrous, inelastic, nonvascular
An incomplete fracture cause by bending and torsional loads is a
greenstick fracture
hypoxia
having a reduced concentration of oxygen
what aids in the prevention of blood coagulation
heparin
what is the first chemical mediator to appear during the inflammatory stage of tissue healing
histamine
Rubor, calor, tumor, dolor, and loss of function are symptoms of
inflammation
acute ankle sprain. the force producing this injury is
macrotrauma
what two factors determine whether an injury occurs when a force is sustained by tissues in the human body?
magnitude of forces and tissue's material properties
efferent nerves
nerves carrying motor stimuli from the brain to the muscles
random regrowth of a nerve after injury is called a
neuroma
The bones cells that form new bone tissue are called
osteoblast
Any condition characterized by degeneration or aseptic necrosis of the articular cartilage due to limited blood supply is termed
osteochondrosis
small diameter, slow transmission nerves carry impulses for what sensation
pain
Stage 2 Tendinitis
pain during activity and does not restrict performance
phagocytosis
process by which leukocytes ingest
As part of the healing of soft tissue, fibroblast production of a supportive network of TYPE I and II collagen takes place
proliferation phase
a force that acts parallel to a plane passing through the object is
shear force
Mechanism: spiral tibial fracture
shearing/torsion force
nociceptors
specialized nerve endings that transduce pain
distribution of force over a given area
stress
ecchymosis
superficial tissue discoloration
because the nerve roots on the spinal cord are not protected by connective tissue, they are particularly susceptible to what kind of injury
tensile
overthrown ball strained an adductor muscle. what type of force would have been produced from this injury?
tensile
ligamentous injuries are caused by
tensile force
mechanism: deltoid strain
tensile force
the product of force and its moment
torque
An acute epiphyseal injury characterized by fracture of part of the epiphysis and metaphysis is categorized as a
type IV injury
The beginning of the acute inflammatory phase is marked by
vasoconstriction
Applying ice, compression, and elevation to an acute injury decreases injury to the
zone of secondary injury