Chapter 8 C and T spine

A form of rheumatoid arthritis

Ankylosing spondylitis

Location in vertebrae- Sternal angle

T4-T5

Which specific thoracic vertebrae are classified as typical thoracic vertebrae?

T5-T8

Location in vertebrae- 3 to 4 in below jugular notch

T7

Location in vertebrae- Xiphoid process (tip)

T9-T10

A short column of bone found between the superior and articular processes in a typical cervical vertebra is called?

Articular pillar

Comminuted fracture of the vertebral body with posterior fragments displaced into the spinal canal

Teardrop burst fracture

Fracture through the pedicles and anterior arch of C2 with forward displacement upon C3

Hangman's fracture

Sacrum (#bones)

1

Thoracic (#bones)

12

Coccyx (#bones)

26

Lumbar (#bones)

5

Cervical #bones

7

The zygapophyseal joints for the second through seventh cervical vertebrae are at a _______ degree angle to the midsagittal plane; the thoracic vertebrae are at a _____ degree angle to the midsagittal plane.

90 degree 70-75 degree

Name the structure- Center portion of sternum

Body

The two main parts of typical vertebra are the ______ and the______?

Body Vertebral arch

Location in vertebrae- Mastoid Tip

C1

List the alternative names for the following cervical vertebrae?

C1- Atlas C2- Axis C7- vertebra prominence

Location in vertebrae- Gonion

C3

Location in vertebrae- Thyroid Cartilage

C4-C6

Location in vertebrae- Vertebra prominence

C7-T1

For the central ray to pass through and " open" the intervertebral spaces on a 45 degree posterior oblique projection of the cervical vertebrae, what central ray angle (if any) is required?

Cephalic 15 degree

Indicate which two portions of the vertebral column are classified as secondary or compensatory curves.

Cervical Lumbar

Concave curve

Cervical Spine and lumbar spine

Develops as child learns to hold head erect

Cervical spine

Secondary curve

Cervical spine and lumbar spine

Avulsion fracture of the spinous process of C7

Clay shoveler's fracture

The modified body of C2 is called the ______ or ______.

Dens Odontoid process

The zygapophyseal joints of all cervical vertebrae are visualized only in a true later position?

False

The condition involving a "slipped disk" is correctly referred to as?

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

The ______ foramina are created by two small notches on the superior and inferior aspects of the pedicles

Intervertebral

Impact fracture from axial loading of the anterior and posterior arch of C1

Jefferson fracture

Name the structure- Superior margin of this upper section (landmark)

Jugular notch

Abnormal or exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine

Kyphosis

The _____ are two aspect of the vertebral arch that extend posteriorly from each pedicle to join at the midline.

Lamina

What is the term for the C1 vertebra?

Lateral Mass

An abnormal, or exaggerated, "sway back" lumbar curvature is called?

Lordosis

Name the structure- Upper portion of sternum

Manubrium

Location in vertebrae- Jugular notch

T2-T3

The spinal cord begins with the _________ of the brain and extends down to the _________ vertebra, where it tapers and ends. This tapered ending is called the ________.

Medulla oblongata Lower border of L1 Conus medullaris

What is the name of the joint found between the superior articular process of C1 and the occipital condyles of the skull?

Occipitalatlantal articulation

List the outer and inner aspects of the interverbral disk.

Outer aspect- annulus fibrosus Inner aspect- nucleus pulposus

What is the unique feature of all thoracic vertebrae that distinguishes them from other vertebrae?

Presence of facets for articulation with ribs

A lack of symmetry of the zygapophyseal joint between C1 and C2 may be caused by injury or may be associated with _________?

Rotation of the skull

Mild form of scoliosis and kyphosis developing during adolescence

Scheurmann disease

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature seen in the thoracolumbar spine is called?

Scoliosis

Which structures pass through the intervertebral foramina?

Spinal nerves and blood vessels

Inflammation of the vertebrae

Spondylitis

Name the structure- Joint between top and center portions (landmark)

Sternal angle

List the two primary or posterior convex curves seen in the vertebral column

Thoracic Sacral

Convex curve

Thoracic spine and Sacrum

Primary curve

Thoracic spine and Sacrum

In addition to the gonads, which other radiosensitive organs are of greatest concern during cervical and thoracic spine radiography?

Thyroid, parathyroid glands and breats

List three features that make the cervical vertebrae unique.

Transverse foramina Bifid spinous process Overlapping vertebral bodies

Only T1, T11, and T12 have full facets for articulation with ribs?

True

Produces the "bow tie" sign

Unilateral subluxation

Name the structure- Most inferior aspect of sternum (landmark)

Xiphoid process

Is found between the superior and inferior articular processes?

Zygapophyseal joints

The opening, or passageway, for the spinal cord is the?

vertebral (spinal cord)