Test Review #2

During aerobic respiration ___ ATP are produced (net gain) during glycolysis A) 6 B) 2 C) 34 D) 0

2

The net gain of ATP produced during fermentation of glucose by a bacterial cell is A) 0 B) 3 C) 6 D) 2

2

A sample of milk is tested for its bacterial content in a plate count assay. A one-milliliter sample of the milk is diluted in a 1:10 dilution series. One milliliter of the third dilution tube is plated in a pour plate. After incubation, the plate has 54 colonies, indicating that the original milk sample contained A) 54 cells. B) 540 cells. C) 5400 cells. D) 54,000 cells. E) 540,000 cells.

54,000 cells.

The biosafety level (BSL) for most introductory microbiology laboratories is A) BSL-1. B) BSL-2. C) BSL-3. D) BSL-4.

A) BSL-1.

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning glucose metabolism? A) Pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is the starting block for both the Krebs cycle and fermentation. B) The electron transport chain is the final step for both fermentation and aerobic respiration. C) Fermentation produces large amounts of ATP. D) Glucose is split in glycolysis and produces large amounts of ATP.

A) Pyruvic acid, the product of glycolysis, is the starting block for both the Krebs cycle and fermentation.

The protein coat of a virus is called the ________. A) capsid B) capsomere C) envelope D)viral membrane

A) capsid

The term aerotolerant anaerobe refers to an organism that A) does not use oxygen but tolerates it. B) is killed by oxygen. C) uses oxygen or grows without oxygen. D) requires less oxygen than is present in air. E) requires more oxygen than is present in air.

A) does not use oxygen but tolerates it.

Ringworm is caused by a(n) A) fungus. B) cestode. C) nematode. D) protozoan. E) trematode

A) fungus

All of the following pairs are correctly matched except ________. A) oxidation; reaction where electrons are gained B) metabolism; sum of all chemical reactions C) catabolism; breakdown of organic compounds D) anabolism; building of complex molecules E) metabolic pathways; sequences of chemical reactions

A) oxidation; reaction where electrons are gained

All of the following substances are effective against non enveloped viruses except A)Alcohol B)Chlorine C)Ethylene Oxide D)Ozone E)None of the answers are correct F)All of these are equally effective against non enveloped viruses

Alcohol

All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections except A)Some bacteria metabolize disinfection B)Gram-Negative Bacteria are often resistant to disinfection C)Invasive procedures can provide a portal of entry for bacteria D)Bacteria may be present in commercial products such as mouthwash E)Non of the answers is correct F)All of these factors may contribute to hospital-acquired infection

All of these factors may contribute to hospital-acquired infection

An infectious protein is a A) bacteriophage. B) prion. C) retrovirus. D) viroid. E) papovavirus

B) prion.

What is the name given to the viral DNA incorporated into a lysogenic cell? A) oncogenic virus B) prophage C) latent phage D) bacteriophage

B) prophage

All of the following are examples of microbial control using heavy metals except A)Algae control in swimming pools using copper sulfate B)Mouthwash solution containing Zinc Chloride C)Antiseptic solution containing mercurochrome D)Benzoyl peroxide used for acne treatment E)Burn treatment using silver-sulfadiazine ointment

Benzoyl peroxide used for acne treatment

The process of breaking the fatty acids in lipids into 2 carbon fragments is called_____ A) anaerobic respiration B) deamination C) decarboxylation D) Beta oxidation

Beta oxidation

A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite? A) miracidium B) cyst C) adult D) larva

C) adult

The nutritional classification for a microbe that gets its energy from chemicals and its carbon from organic compounds would be ___. A) photoautotroph B) photoheterotroph C) chemoheterotroph D) chemoautotroph

C) chemoheterotroph

Bacteria growing in and on the human body, including normal microbiota as well as pathogens, are classified as ________. A) thermophilic and halophilic B) thermophilic and acidophilic C) mesophilic and heterotrophic D) mesophilic and acidophilic E) mesophilic and halophilic

C) mesophilic and heterotrophic

All of the following are examples of microbial control using heavy metals except ________. A) algae control in swimming pools using copper sulfate B) mouthwash solution containing zinc chloride. C) antiseptic solution containing mercurochrome D) benzoyl peroxide used for acne treatment E) burn treatment using silver-sulfadiazine ointment

D) benzoyl peroxide used for acne treatment

Which of the following is NOT a direct method to measure microbial growth? A) direct microscopic count B) standard plate count C) filtration D) metabolic activity E) most probable number (MPN)

D) metabolic activity

During aerobic respiration, most ATP is produced by the process of A) glycolysis B) photosynthesis C) substrate level phosphorylation D) oxidative phosphorylation

D) oxidative phosphorylation

Antimicrobial peptides work by A)Inhibiting protein synthesis B)Disrupting the plasma membrane C)Complementary base pairing with DNA D)Inhibiting cell-wall synthesis E)Hydrolyzing peptidoglycan

Disrupting the plasma membrane

A drug that binds with sterols would injure __________. A)Eukaryotic Plasma Membranes B)Fungal cell walls C)Bacterial cell walls D)DNA

Eukaryotic Plasma Membranes

An organism that grows both in the presence and the absence of oxygen and uses oxygen when it is available is called a/an A)Aerobe B)Anaerobe C)Aerotolerant anaerobe D)Microaerophile E)Facltative anaerobe

Facltative anaerobe

Aerotolerant organisms can grow in the presence of oxygen because their cell wall protects them from toxic products of oxygen. True or False

False

Anaerobic respiration is another name for fermentation. True or False

False

A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against A)Gram-Positive Bacteria B)Gram-Negative Bacteria C)Fungi D)Wall-Less Bacteria E)Mycobacteria

Fungi

An antimicrobial that inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis is most likely to be effective against A)Viruses B)Fungi C)Gram-Negative Bacteria D)Protozoan Parasites E)Gram-Positive Bacteria

Gram-Positive Bacteria

All of the following are anti-protozoan drugs except A)Quinacrine B)Mefloquine C)Metronidazole D)Chloroquine E)Mebendazole

Mebendazole

All of the following are methods of food preservation except A)Desiccation B)High Pressure C)Ionizing Radiation D)Microwaves E)Osmotic Pressure

Microwaves

During glycolysis, electrons from the oxidation of glucose are transferred to ________. A)lactic acid B) NADH C) FADH2 D)FAD E) NAD+

NAD+

Enzymes work most effectively at their optimal temperature and pH. True or False

True

Glycolysis produces ATP through substrate phosphorylation. True or False

True

The primary site where an enzyme binds to a substrate is called a ___________, the secondary site where an enzyme may be able to bind to a substrate is called a ___________ site A) cofactor, holoenzyme B) apoenzyme, cofactor C) active, allosteric D) allosteric, active

active, allosteric

Most bacteria reproduce by A) aerial hyphae. B) fragmentation. C) mitosis. D) binary fission. E) budding.

binary fission

Which of the following disinfectants acts by disrupting the plasma membrane? A) soaps B) aldehydes C) bisphenols E) halogens F) heavy metals

bisphenols

Enzymes are important in living organisms because they ________. A) bind irreversibly to substrates and remove them from the cellular pool B) increase local temperatures to increase rates of reactions C) bring together reactants or properly orient a molecule for a reaction D) catalyze the covalent bonding of NAD+ molecules to substrates E) interact with and destroy unwanted cellular substrates

bring together reactants or properly orient a molecule for a reaction

Competitive inhibition of enzyme action involves ________. A)competition for binding at the enzyme allosteric site B) alteration of the enzyme's active site C) irreversible binding to the enzyme active site D)competition with the substrate for binding at the active site E)destruction of the enzyme substrate

competition with the substrate for binding at the active site

A drug that binds with sterols would injure ________. A) eukaryotic plasma membranes B) fungal cell walls C)bacterial cell walls D) DNA

eukaryotic plasma membranes

An organism that grows both in the presence and the absence of oxygen and uses oxygen when it is available is called a/an ________. A) aerobe B) anaerobe C) aerotolerant anaerobe D) microaerophile E) facultative anaerobe

facultative anaerobe

Which of the following is not a major target for action of antimicrobials? A) enzymes B) cell membranes C) flagella D) nucleic acids E) proteins

flagella

The steps, in the proper order, for carbohydrate aerobic metabolism are: A) glycolysis, fermentation, Prep, ETS B) fermentation, glycolysis, Prep, ETS C) glycolysis, ETS, Krebs, Prep D) glycolysis, Prep, Krebs, ETS

glycolysis, Prep, Krebs, ETS

A viroid is a(n) A) complete, infectious virus particle. B)infectious piece of RNA without a capsid. C) capsid without nucleic acid. D) provirus. E) infectious protein.

infectious piece of RNA without a capsid.

The mode of action for erythromycin is ________. A) inhibition of cell wall synthesis B) inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis C) inhibition of protein synthesis D) inhibition of essential metabolite synthesis

inhibition of protein synthesis

An iodophor is a(n) A)Phenol B)Agent that reduces oxygen C)Quaternary ammonium compound D)Form of formaldehyde E)Iodine mixed with a surfactant

iodine mixed with a surfactant.

An iodophor is a(n) A) phenol. B)agent that reduces oxygen. C) quaternary ammonium compound. D) form of formaldehyde. E) iodine mixed with a surfactant

iodine mixed with a surfactant.

Ethylene oxide A) is a good antiseptic. B) is not sporicidal. C) requires high heat to be effective. D) is a sterilizing agent. E) is the active chemical in household bleach.

is a sterilizing agent.

During which growth phase will gram-positive bacteria be most susceptible to penicillin? A) lag phase B) log phase C) death phase D) stationary phase E) The culture is equally susceptible during all phases.

log phase

All of the following are potential end-products of fermentations except ________. A) ethanol B) pyruvic acid C) lactic acid D) carbon dioxide E) acetic acid

pyruvic acid

The complete oxidation (catabolism) of glucose typically involves three stages. The greatest amount of ATP is produced in which stage? A) photosynthesis B) the electron transport chain C) Krebs cycle D) glycolysis

the electron transport chain

Which of the following is the best definition of generation time? A) the length of time needed for lag phase B) the length of time needed for a cell to divide C) the minimum rate of doubling D) the duration of log phase E) the time needed for nuclear division

the length of time needed for a cell to divide

Drug resistance occurs A) because bacteria are normal microbiota. B) when antibiotics are used indiscriminately. C) against antibiotics and not against synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. D) when antibiotics are taken after the symptoms disappear. E) All of the answers are correct.

when antibiotics are used indiscriminately.

A nucleoside analog used to treat HIV infection is ________. A)ribavirin B) praziquantel C) zidovudine D) acyclovir E) amantidine

zidovudine

A nucleoside analog used to treat HIV infection is ________. A) praziquantel B) acyclovir C) zidovudine D) amantidine E) ribavirin

zidovudine