Texas Revolution

Texian

used in place of the word Texan throughout the period of the Texas Revolution and the Texas Republic; immigrants from the United States and countries other than Mexico who became residents in the Tejas and Coahuila areas of Mexico that later became Texas

Carlos Espalier

•A protégé of James Bowie •Died at the Alamo

George Childress

•Chair of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence; likely the primary author

David Crockett (Davey)

•Frontiersman, folk hero, soldier, politician •Served as a congressional representative for Tennessee •Moved to Texas; fought and died at the Alamo

Juan Antonio Padillo

•He was part of George M. Collinsworth's company and participated in the capture of Victoria •Former Mexican government official and Secretary of State for Coahuila y Tejas

William B. Travis

•Lawyer, soldier; military Leader at the Alamo •Wrote the famous Victory or Death letter to try to persuade people to come and help at the Alamo •Died at the Alamo

Antonio López de Santa Anna

•Military leader of the Mexican army and dictator of Mexico •Surrendered to Texas forces

James Bowie (Jim)

•Pioneer, soldier, slavery trader, frontiersman, real estate speculator; military leader at the Alamo until he fell sick •Died at the Alamo

◦Plácido Benavides

•Renowned for settling Victoria, Texas •Trained Texas soldiers after the Battle of Gonzales •Captured Goliad •Delivered messages to Morris and Fannin •Loyal to Mexico, not Santa Anna •Because of his loyalty to Mexico, was forced to flee after the Battle of San Jacinto to New Orleans

Battle of San Jacinto

•Sam Houston •Texan forces surprised the Mexican forces and won the battle. •The battle lasted 18 minutes with Santa Anna being captured the next day.

Susanna Dickinson

•Santa Anna sent this woman to Gonzales to tell Sam Houston what had happen at the Alamo. Her and her daughter were the only two survivors of the Alamo. •Provided first-hand accounts of the events that occurred at the Alamo

Sam Houston

Military leader for Texas during the Texas Revolution

dictator

a government leader who takes control by force and makes all important decisions.

revolution

a sudden, radical, or complete change that takes place in a relatively short amount of time; a fundamental change in the way of thinking about or visualizing something; includes fundamental change in political organizations such as the overthrow of one government with another, though not limited to political revolutions (i.e., the Industrial Revolution, the Enlightenment, the Technological Revolution)

treaty

an agreement between groups or countries.

independence

freedom from rule by another country.

Runaway Scrape

•Santa Anna's "take no prisoners" policy after the Alamo frightened many Texan families which led to Houston ordering the retreat of his army and advising settlers to leave as well. •Families fled east to the United States and left their homes and belongings behind, though many stayed behind. Civilian casualties resulted in the entire new nation of Texas to lose 10-20% of its population.

Vicente Filisola

•Second in command of the Mexican army •Since Santa Anna had been arrested, it was up to himto withdraw Mexican forces from Texas •He evacuated San Antonio and agreed to the public Treaty of Velasco

Sidney Sherman

•Soldier, entrepreneur; fought and led a regiment at the Battle of San Jacinto •Given credit for the battle cry "Remember the Alamo"

Enrique Esparza

•Son of Gregoria Esparza who witnessed the events at the Alamo •Provided first-hand accounts of the events that occurred at the Alamo

Jose Francisco Ruiz

•Supported Texas during the Revolution •Delegate at the Convention of 1836 and signed the Declaration of Independence

Tejano

•Tejano - a native-born Mexican from the state of Coahuila y Tejas; Spanish for "Texan;" a term used to identify a Texan of Mexican and/or Latin-American descent

Battle of the Alamo

•Texans did not want to give up the Alamo to Santa Anna. Delaying the Mexican army allowed General Houston to further organize and train his troops. •Texans were surrounded at the Alamo. Mexican forces went on the offensive after a 13 day siege. •The Alamo fell to Mexican forces the morning of March 6, 1836. •The result was the cry, "Remember the Alamo" and encouraged support for Texas independence.

Texas Declaration of Independence

•Texans perceived the Mexican government did not respect the rights of the colonists. •Delegates at the Washington-on-the Brazos made a declaration that began the fight for independence from Mexico.

Juan Seguin

•Texas senator, mayor, and judge •Was a messenger at the Alamo; the Alamo fell before he returned •Fought at the Battle of San Jacinto

Lorenzo de Zavala

◦Helped write the Texas Declaration of Independence ◦Helped design the ad interim government at Washington-on-the Brazos

Texas Independence Day

◦March 2,1836; Texas declared independence from Mexico at Washington-on-the-Brazos

Causes of the Texas Revolution

◦Settlers were culturally tied to the United States, not Mexico ◦Mexican authorities disapproved of slavery and the enslaved people colonists brought illegally ◦The Mexican Constitution of 1824 was overturned in favor of a strongly-federal government ◦The Mexican government and Texas colonists could not build consistent relations over time as the Mexican government frequently changed political positions as the nation sorted out its new independence ◦Texas was not its own state in Mexico ◦An ongoing belief in Manifest Destiny among colonists ◦The Texas militia fired a cannon at the Mexican soldiers in Gonzales trying to take back the cannon beginning the Texas Revolution ◦The delegates at the Washington-on-the Brazos declared independence from Mexico

Effects of the Texas Revolution

◦Texans won the Revolution at the Battle of San Jacinto and became the Republic of Texas. ◦Ongoing instability between Texas and Mexico erupt into war again after the United States annexes Texas.