Thanatology Final

What date was the National Organ Transplant Act Enacted and by whom? Select one: a. 1984 by the U.S. Congress b. 2008 by registered medical ethicists appointed by the president of the United States c. 1991 by the Surgeon General d. 1989 by UNOS and OPTN

1984 by the U.S. Congress

According to the Uniform Determination of Death Act, an individual is dead when he/she has irreversible 1. cessation of the capacity for bodily integration. 2. circulatory and respiratory cessation. 3. absence of functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem. 4. cessation of the capacity for consciousness. Select one: a. 2 and 4 b. 1 and 2 c. 1 and 3 d. 2 and 3

2 and 3

Depersonalization of the dying patient can occur when 1. an illness is not well understood or rare. 2. physicians and nurses believe "nothing more can be done." 3. physicians and nurses avoid contact due to their own death anxiety. 4. hospital staff shifts change frequently. Select one: a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 4 c. 2 and 3 d. 3 and 4

2 and 3

Approximately how much has the average life expectancy in the United States increased since 1900? Select one: a. 5 years b. 45 years c. 30 years d. 15 years

30 years

When did burials begin to take place in cemeteries not associated with churches? Select one: a. About the twelfth century b. About the time of the Renaissance c. After the Great Plague d. After the Civil War

About the time of the Renaissance

What are the different modes of death on a typical death certificate? Select one: a. Intentional, suspicious, homicidal, and natural b. Accidental, suicidal, homicidal, and natural c. Suicidal, unintentional, homicidal, and natural d. Accidental, suspicious, homicidal, and natural

Accidental, suicidal, homicidal, and natural

Which of the following is a statement by a competent person about choices for medical treatment, should he or she become unable to make such decisions or communicate them in the future? Select one: a. Beneficent consent b. Holographic will c. Advance directive d. Natural death act

Advance directive

What term is best used to describe African customs such as prayer, sacrifice or libation, and other acts of respect shown to deceased members of the community? Select one: a. Community continuance b. Spirit worship c. Elder reverence d. Ancestor worship

Ancestor worship

decomposition of the body's cells.

Blood

Regarding hospice and palliative care, what are the 3 C's of high-quality care? Select one: a. Curative, Christian, consistent b. Competent, compassionate, coordinated c. Controlled, caring, capable d. Cautious, caregiving, challenging

Competent, compassionate, coordinated

Which of the following is generally considered an experimental technology? Select one: a. Harvesting of organs b. Cryonics c. Donation to science d. Burial at sea

Cryonics

DNR" at end-of-life refers to the orders of Select one: a. Do Not Resuscitate. b. Do Not Recall. c. Do Not Recharge. d. Do Not Receive.

Do Not Resuscitate

What is the fallacy of making judgments about others in terms of one's own cultural assumptions and ideas? Select one: a. Ethnocentrism b. Denial c. Social mishaps d. Antiestablishment

Ethnocentrism

Burial vaults or grave liners are required by state law in all American cemeteries. Select one: True False

False

Cameras are illegal in the United States mortuary or chapel. Select one: True False

False

In the early Middles Ages, it was a disadvantage to be buried near the grave of a martyr because it was considered shameful. Select one: True False

False

Kaddish, the Jewish mourner's prayer, is said in absolute privacy within seven days of the death. Select one: True False

False

Mourning rituals are intended not to help cope with one's own mortality, but rather to cope with the deaths of others. Select one: True False

False

Obituaries are used only in American and European societies. Select one: True False

False

Pain can be directly measured and observed. Select one: True False

False

State laws specify a minimum age of 21 to make a legal will. Select one: True False

False

The health care proxy must be an attorney not a relative to carry out your wishes. Select one: True False

False

Whole person care involves attending mainly to a patient's physical needs 24 hours a day. Select one: True False

False

How many stages are associated with the model of coping with life-threatening illness presented by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross? Select one: a. Five b. Six c. Three

Five

What document combines a living will and a health care power of attorney? Select one: a. Viatical settlement b. Five Wishes c. Double Power Will d. Physician Order for Life-Sustaining Treatment

Five Wishes

The establishment of death studies, in modern times, can be traced to explorations of death by Select one: a. Becker. b. Freud. c. Kubler-Ross. d. Saunders.

Freud

What is the primary requirement of the FTC Funeral Rule? Select one: a. Funeral service providers must give accurate, detailed information about prices and legal requirements to people who are arranging funerals. b. Funerals are required to be private functions. c. Only professionals can care for the dead. d. Grave goods cannot be buried with the deceased.

Funeral service providers must give accurate, detailed information about prices and legal requirements to people who are arranging funerals.

What are the two leading causes of death in the United States? Select one: a. Heart disease and cancer b. Suicide and Alzheimer's disease c. Accidents and cancer d. Alcoholism and stroke

Heart disease and cancer

What is a holistic program of care for the dying? Select one: a. Hospital intensive care unit b. Hospice c. Social service intervention d. Nursing home

Hospice

What is the term describing a gradual erosion of the uniqueness of one's personality, causing residents to become increasingly dependent on staff for mundane needs? Select one: a. Institutional fatigue b. Institutional neurosis c. Gerontological persuasion d. Respite care

Institutional neurosis

Ethical questions regarding the "right to die" first came to public attention in the landmark court case involving Select one: a. Elizabeth Bouvia. b. Karen Ann Quinlan. c. Nancy Beth Cruzan. d. Nancy Ellen Jobes.

Karen Ann Quinlan.

Which of the following terms BEST describes the process of a person who questions, "Am I responsible for bringing this illness on myself"? Select one: a. Magical thinking b. Dying trajectory c. Physiological guilt d. Reactive thinking

Magical Thinking

What is considered the most important legal procedure following a death? Select one: a. Coroner's report b. Death notice c. Official registration of death d. Obituary

Official registration of death

Which act allows physicians to prescribe lethal medication to terminally ill patients? Select one: a. United States Terminal Sedation Act (USTSA) b. Oregon Death with Dignity Act (DWDA) c. New York Samaritan Death Act (NYSDA) d. California Patient Compassion Act (CPCA)

Oregon Death with Dignity Act (DWDA)

Which of the following is NOT an example of the dimension of sociological thanatology? Select one: a. Response to disaster b. Socialization of children c. Disposal of the dead d. Pain and symptom control

Pain and symptom control

Which of the following factors does NOT affect our familiarity with death? Select one: a. Geographic mobility b. Political decision making c. Life expectancy d. Medical technology

Political decision making

In the medical management of pain, what rule states that a harmful effect of treatment, even if it results in death, is permissible if the harm is not intended and occurs as a side effect of a beneficial action? Select one: a. Rule of beneficence b. Oregon Death with Dignity rule c. Euthanasia rule d. Rule of double effect

Rule of double effect

The elements of the health care system are patient, institution, and Select one: a. culture. b. government. c. spirits. d. staff.

Staff

If a person dies without leaving a valid will, his or her property will be distributed according to Select one: a. federal rules. b. whatever the spouse requests. c. state rules. d. familial wishes.

State rules

It is important to distinguish between pain and Select one: a. acute pain. b. chronic pain. c. perception. d. suffering.

Suffering

According to Kastenbaum, what is defined as "the study of life with death left in"? Select one: a. Thanatology b. Clinical ethics c. Anthropology d. Death anxiety

Thanatology

What is the largest ongoing community arts project in America? Select one: a. The AIDS Memorial Quilt b. Operation Gold Star Flag c. The Faith, Hope, Love Project d. The Vietnam Veteran's Memorial Wall

The AIDS Memorial Quilt

Which of the following BEST describes the phrase "medical technology that seems to one person a godsend, extending life, may seem to another a curse"? Select one: a. People do not know how to manipulate machinery. b. People do not believe in the technology. c. The effect of new technology helps define death. d. The effect of new technology involves personal and social consequences and trade-offs.

The effect of new technology involves personal and social consequences and trade-offs.

An autopsy may help resolve questions about malpractice. Select one: True False

True

Chemotherapy involves the use of toxic drugs. Select one: True False

True

Death certificates aid in crime detection. Select one: True False

True

Death notification style can be significant in a family's experience of grief. Select one: True False

True

In 1900, about 80% of deaths in the United States occurred in the home. Select one: True False

True

Islam calls for the burial of the deceased as soon as possible. Select one: True False

True

Most people appear satisfied with the quality of service provided by their local mortuaries. Select one: True False

True

Paramedics and EMT's are legally required to initiate CPR unless there is clear evidence of a valid DNR order. Select one: True False

True

People near the end of life in the active dying stage are often more comfortable without foods or liquids. Select one: True False

True

Some people view removal of artificial nutrition and hydration as "intentional killing". Select one: True False

True

Surveys indicate that most people want to be told if diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. Select one: True False

True

The Lakota battle cry "It is a good day to die" expresses the belief that one lives with purpose, grateful for life's blessings, with awareness it could all end abruptly. Select one: True False

True

The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall is an example of contemporary mourning art. Select one: True False

True

There is no medical or ethical distinction between withholding and withdrawing treatment. Select one: True False

True

he disruption of survivors' lives, their ensuing grief and coping is generally given little attention in the media. Select one: True False

True

Media experts say that the "reality violence" on TV news began with coverage of the Select one: a. Vietnam War. b. Los Angeles riots. c. explosion of the space shuttle. d. Kennedy assassination.

Vietnam War.

hich was a turning point in the "medicalization" of death and dying? Select one: a. WWII b. WWI c. The Challenger disaster d. The speculum mortis

WWI

In traditional Hindu households, death is ________ Select one: a. sacred and the dead are cremated after a weeklong funeral ritual. b. acknowledged and the females prepare all bodies for burial. c. not discussed openly and last rites are not generally given. d. a communal affair.

a communal affair.

Themes of loss and death are heard in Select one: a. laments. b. American blues music. c. classical music. d. all answers as stated are correct

all answers as stated are correct

A codicil relates to Select one: a. making an oral will. b. amending a will. c. rewriting a will. d. formalizing a will.

amending a will

Día de los Muertos is Select one: a. an all-day celebration honoring fallen soldiers. b. a solemn community ritual. c. an event celebrated on January 1. d. an occasion for remembering the dead.

an occasion for remembering the dead.

According to historian Philippe Ariès, during the period of "tamed death," death was viewed as Select one: a. important to occur quietly in a hospital setting. b. something to be hidden from view. c. an experience to be excluded from social life. d. an ordinary human experience.

an ordinary human experience.

Three principles of medical ethics are Select one: a. autonomy, beneficence, justice. b. competence, information, non-maleficence. c. public acceptance, honesty, freedom. d. impartiality, prognosis, support.

autonomy, beneficence, justice

Humanity received its name from the Latin root word humare, which means to Select one: a. stand upright. b. socialize. c. bury. d. think.

bury

In Japanese homes, an altar for honoring deceased relatives and ancestors is called a Select one: a. sosen. b. butsudan. c. haka. d. kaimyo.

butsudan

What is an example of a homemade condolence? Select one: a. Obituaries written by friends b. Comfort quilts c. Cookies sent from the funeral home d. Colored headstones

comfort quilts

Informed consent is based on a patient's competency to give consent, adequate understanding of proposed treatment, and Select one: a. consent must be given freely. b. the agreement of family or close friends. c. faith in the doctor's advice. d. appropriateness of treatment goals.

consent must be given freely

A significant difference between a medical examiner and a coroner is that the Select one: a. coroner is responsible for suicide prevention efforts whereas the medical examiner is not. b. coroner must have specialized training in forensic pathology. c. coroners are qualified medical doctors. d. coroner is usually an elected official whereas the medical examiner is usually appointed.

coroner is usually an elected official whereas the medical examiner is usually appointed.

The largest area of empirical research in thanatology is concerned with the measurement of attitudes toward death and dying and more particularly Select one: a. the afterlife. b. hospice care. c. suicide prevention and intervention. d. death anxiety.

death anxiety

All of the following are methods of determining clinical death EXCEPT Select one: a. cessation of breathing. b. cessation of heartbeat. c. decomposition of the body's cells. d. establishing brain death.

decomposition of the body's cells.

here is currently no shortage of organs for transplant. Select one: True False

false

A charnel house was a Select one: a. public gathering place for grieving wives. b. private location for immediate family to pray. c. private tomb sealed to prevent escape of spirits. d. gallery for bones entrusted to the church.

gallery for bones entrusted to the church.

In 1963, the University of Minnesota Select one: a. was the site of an on-campus shooting covered by TV reporters for the first time. b. held the first-ever candlelight vigil for a slain professor. c. held the first formal course in death education. d. published articles about President Kennedy's assassination in the college newspaper.

held the first formal course in death education.

The rural cemetery movement began in the United States Select one: a. during the Civil War. b. in the 1830s. c. during the Spanish American War. d. in the early 1900s.

in the 1830s.

Until the nineteenth century, the customary deathbed scene Select one: a. excluded children. b. was solitary and quiet. c. included family. d. was raucous and noisy.

included family

The therapies included under complementary and alternative medicine are sometime referred to as Select one: a. voodoo. b. santeria c. integrative medicine. d. twenty-first century medicine.

integrative medicine

Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) refers to Select one: a. the triage system in a hospital. b. intervention following traumatic events. c. professional management of emergency room personnel. d. a department in U.S. Homeland Security.

intervention following traumatic events.

Suse Lowenstein's work Dark Elegy functions as a reminder that Select one: a. black is the color lining a casket. b. death is a dark figure. c. life is fragile and survivors have to live with the loss. d. classical and Christian symbols of death can be combined.

life is fragile and survivors have to live with the loss.

Even when curative treatments have ended, the effort to control circumstances around death and dying so that it comes out "right" is termed Select one: a. death anxiety. b. managed death. c. terror management. d. plastinated care.

managed death.

The spreading of cancer to various parts of the body is known as Select one: a. transference regeneration. b. osmosis. c. metastasis. d. cellular cancer.

metastasis

The FTC Funeral Rule requires that mortuaries Select one: a. embalm the deceased if the funeral is more than three days after death. b. use an approved list of chemicals for embalming. c. disclose all embalming fees to a federal regulatory agency. d. obtain express permission from the family in order to charge a fee for the embalming procedure.

obtain express permission from the family in order to charge a fee for the embalming procedure.

Thanatos, from Greek mythology, is generally understood as a response to the Select one: a. personification of death. b. reincarnation of deities. c. God of the afterlife. d. invention of life and death.

personification of death

Human concern for the dead Select one: a. predates written history. b. began during the Lower Paleolithic period. c. is a social and funeral industry phenomenon. d. was first recognized by Luba of Africa.

predates written history

The coffin bell-pull device was invented to Select one: a. assist undertakers during burial. b. hasten death from plagues. c. warn the community about impending disasters. d. prevent premature burial.

prevent premature burial

Funerals are akin to other major transitions in a person's life in that they all involve Select one: a. money. b. family and professionals. c. numbers of people. d. rites of passage.

rites of passage

Often, the only task that matters in being with someone who is dying is to Select one: a. offer food and drink. b. steer conversations away from the afterlife. c. sit still and listen. d. make gentle attempts to keep the person quiet and at rest.

sit still and listen

In literature, the meaning of death is often explored as it relates to the individual as well as Select one: a. the sixth sense. b. society. c. technology. d. the author.

society

The roots of modern emergency and trauma care can be traced back to Select one: a. the Vietnam War. b. the 20th century. c. the Civil War. d. the Maryland State Police.

the Civil War

William Lamers believed that substituting a memorial service for a traditional funeral is lacking in which of the following respects? Select one: a. the body is not present, so the fact of death is not fixed in the minds of the mourners b. formality, and therefore the memorial service tends to be chaotic c. cohesiveness as the clergy and family tend to disagree about the content of service d. it again brings up feelings that may have been 'put to rest'

the body is not present, so the fact of death is not fixed in the minds of the mourners

Chronic pain usually persists longer than Select one: a. one to three months. b. two to four weeks. c. one to two weeks. d. three to six months.

three to six months

A death mask was created Select one: a. as a prop in the Danse Macabre. b. to distance grievers from the message of death. c. as a teaching tool for early morticians. d. to provide a memento for bereaved survivors.

to provide a memento for bereaved survivors.

Which of the following statements presents a case against euthanasia using the "wedge" or "slippery slope" argument? Select one: a. "Euthanasia may or may not be moral, but by permitting it we may unwittingly pave the way for acts that are clearly immoral." b. ) "Euthanasia may or may not be ethical, but by permitting it we may unwittingly create a burden on the judiciary when such decisions enter the legal arena." c. "Euthanasia is contrary to good ethical judgment because medical science is not infallible and a mistaken diagnosis could cause a needless death." d. "Euthanasia is contrary to the Hippocratic Oath, which pledges physicians to sustain life not take it."

"Euthanasia may or may not be moral, but by permitting it we may unwittingly pave the way for acts that are clearly immoral."

Which of the following are components of a "death system," as described by Robert Kastenbaum? 1. Places 2. Times 3. Objects 4. Regulations Select one: a. 1, 3, and 4 b. 2, 3, and 4 c. 1, 2, and 4 d. 1, 2, and 3

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following are functions of a "death system"? 1. Preventing death 2. Making sense of the death 3. Disposing of the dead 4. Utilizing the environment Select one: a. 1, 3, and 4 b. 1, 2, and 4 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 2, 3, and 4

1, 2, and 3

When can an autopsy be performed? 1. When required by law 2. After consent of the next of kin is obtained 3. When the deceased has made a body donation 4. When the research hospital needs a subject Select one: a. 1, 2, and 4 b. 1, 3, and 4 c. 2, 3, and 4 d. 1, 2, and 3

1,2, and 3

Which of the following are considered dimensions of thanatology? 1. Psychological 2. Anthropological 3. Political 4. Rational Select one: a. 1, 2, and 4 b. 1, 2, and 3 c. 2, 3, and 4 d. 1, 3, and 4

1,2, and 3

Which of the following are spiritual needs of dying patients? 1. Need for hope and creativity 2. Need to complete a will for loved ones 3. Need to give and receive love 4. Need for meaning and purpose Select one: a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 2, 3, and 4 c. 1, 2, and 4 d. 1, 3, and 4

1,3, and 4