The Ancient World - Study Guide

What event happened after the Qin Dynasty collapsed? Lu Bang abandoned Legalism. Wu Di appointed his grandson emperor. A civil war broke out. The Great Wall was completed.

A civil war broke out.

Which statement about Confucianism is accurate? According to Confucianism, all people are essentially good. According to Confucianism, education is unnecessary for success. According to Confucianism, a specific god should be routinely worshiped. According to Confucianism, good relationships don't need guidance.

According to Confucianism, all people are essentially good.

How did Confucianism spread beyond Han China? The Han conquered Vietnam and Thailand, bringing Confucian ideas to that region. As the Han expanded the size of their empire and trade grew, Confucian ideas spread to neighboring countries. The Han sent Confucian missionaries to spread beliefs beyond the borders of China. As the Han rejected Confucianism, it forced believers out of China and into neighboring countries.

As the Han expanded the size of their empire and trade grew, Confucian ideas spread to neighboring countries.

Egypt - The New Kingdom

Canal constructed to Red Sea Kingdom fell to Hyksos invaders Property and trade increased Advanced weaponry and territorial expansion

How did cataracts in the Nile River make transportation difficult? Cataracts caused parts of the riverbed to dry out. Cataracts contained rocks and boulders that made the river impassable. Cataracts changed the directional flow of the water. Cataracts' shallow depth and rushing water made the river impassable.

Cataracts' shallow depth and rushing water made the river impassable.

Which river valley civilization was the largest? Mesopotamia Indus Valley China Ancient Egypt

China

Which religion has the most followers worldwide? Islam Christianity Buddhism Judaism

Christianity

Emperor Wu Di focused his government on which philosophical concept? Confucian ideals Legalism filial piety the Mandate of Heaven

Confucian ideals

As a ruler, Emperor Qin Shihuangdi: Consolidated power in the capital. Was elected by the noble houses. Embraced Confucianism over legalism. Was traditional and made few changes.

Consolidated power in the capital.

How did the development of efficient agricultural practices, including understanding the Nile River's flooding patterns, change Egyptian work life? Efficient agricultural practices enabled everyone to become a farmer. Efficient agricultural practices made the workforce available for other endeavors. Efficient agricultural practices eliminated dependence on slavery. Efficient agricultural practices contributed to technological developments in other fields.

Efficient agricultural practices made the workforce available for other endeavors.

Ancient Egypt was a polytheistic society. What does this mean? Egyptians worshiped one god. Egyptians worshiped many gods. Egyptians worshiped using rituals. Egyptians worshiped the pharaoh.

Egyptians worshiped many gods.

Confucianism

Filial piety is required People are basically good Society needs educated citizens Good relationships result in order Virtuous behavior is essential

Legalism

Government should control ideas People are evil and selfish Strict laws are necessary Powerful government is needed Punishments should be harsh

Egypt - The Old Kingdom

Great Pyramids were constructed Advanced irrigation systems

Which of these events happened last? Agriculture began. Hammurabi's Code was developed. Cuneiform was first used. Sumerian civilization arose.

Hammurabi's Code was developed

During which dynasty did Confucianism replace legalism as the main ruling doctrine? Han Qin Shang Zhou

Han

The New Kingdom began under the rule of Ahmose. What did he accomplish that allowed for the emergence of the New Kingdom? He ended abuses by provincial governments. He initiated new irrigation projects. He reunited Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. He drove out foreign invaders.

He drove out foreign invaders.

How did God punish the Jewish people for disobedience during the Exodus? He forced them to obey the Ten Commandments. He banished them forever from Egypt. He decreed they would live as slaves. He ordered them to wander the desert.

He ordered them to wander the desert.

What role did Liu Bang play in the Han Dynasty? He was a supporter of Legalism. He was an opponent of Confucianism. He was the founding emperor. He was responsible for China's civil war.

He was the founding emperor.

The Talmud

Includes a set of laws Means "study" or "learning" Includes interpretation of laws

The Torah

Includes directions for life Explains the story of Judaism Includes God's directions for worship Known as the Five Books of Moses

Egypt - Middle Kingdom

Increased trade and prosperity

How did Judaism differ from other faiths of the same time period? It was based on ancient Egyptian beliefs. It focused on monotheism instead of polytheism. It contrasted traditional Christian beliefs. It placed one god higher than other deities.

It focused on monotheism instead of polytheism.

What was the most important impact of the Jewish peoples' repeated Diaspora? It fractured the people and their beliefs. It created tension with King Cyrus. It drove the kingdom into serious debt. It helped spread the religion into Europe.

It helped spread the religion into Europe.

Which statement about modern Israel is most accurate? It is made up only of Jewish people. It is the homeland for Jewish people. It has been a Jewish holy site for fifty years. It features modern beliefs and rejects the past.

It is the homeland for Jewish people.

Why is Tutankhamun's tomb, the most complete pharaoh's tomb discovered, such a significant discovery? It provides detailed insights into Tutankhamun's many accomplishments. It provides detailed insights into the pharaoh's role in society. It provides detailed insights into life and death in ancient Egypt. It provides detailed insights into social stratification in ancient Egypt.

It provides detailed insights into life and death in ancient Egypt.

What made Judaism different from the religions that came before it? It was monotheistic. It introduced prayer. It required sacrifices. It had special holidays.

It was monotheistic.

The Han Dynasty was established by _____, but its greatest emperor was _____. To get a job in the Han government, a person had to study the ideas of _____. The Han also helped to protect Chinese culture by protecting the method of creating _____.

Liu Bang, Wudi, Confucius, silk

Who was considered Judaism's greatest prophet? Moses Abraham Isaac Jacob

Moses

During the _____ Kingdom, Queen Hatshepsut was a powerful female pharaoh who encouraged trade.

New

What happened after Wu Di expanded China's empire over a larger territory? New ways of governing were needed. The people migrated to other lands. The amount of trade dropped dramatically. New schools were created to train scholars.

New ways of governing were needed.

Egyptian civilization was centered along the ______ River. Agriculture flourished, because the river flooded each June, leaving behind rich ______ soil, which had the nutrients needed for plants to grow bigger and stronger. Egypt's main crops were papyrus, used to make ______, and barley, used to make ______.

Nile, alluvial, paper, beer

Was social mobility likely for scribes during the Old and Middle Kingdom eras? Yes. Scribes were educated, which enabled them to move to a higher class level. No. Scribes were powerless bureaucrats. Yes. Scribes kept records for government and could use their role to gain power. No. Scribes usually inherited their positions from their fathers.

No. Scribes usually inherited their positions from their fathers.

Which statement best represents the philosophy of Legalism? People do best when they are guided by personal ethics. People who disobey laws require additional education. People are inherently both selfish and impulsive. People should protect their neighbors and friends.

People are inherently both selfish and impulsive.

Which dynasty was the first to build advanced settlements in China? Zhou Qin Shang Han

Shang

The name of the first great civilization in Mesopotamia was... Egypt. Sumer. Tigris. Euphrates.

Sumer

Why does India receive flooding rains?

Summer monsoons blow in from the ocean, carrying moisture.

What was one of the primary results of Chinese civilizations settling in river valleys? The people learned to control flooding. The culture created a writing system. The fertile land supported a food surplus. The rulers adopted a system of divine leadership.

The fertile land supported a food surplus.

Why did the Kingdom of Israel split? The people disagreed on religious beliefs. The land was not big enough for everyone. The high debt caused rifts in the kingdom. The leaders followed separate gods.

The high debt caused rifts in the kingdom.

What statement best defines the term Exodus? The settlement of people in a specific location. The belief in one god. The large migration of a group of people. The belief in multiple gods.

The large migration of a group of people.

In which way was the New Kingdom different from the Old and Middle Kingdoms? The government was a theocracy. The territory of the empire greatly expanded. Great monuments were constructed. The kingdom began to trade with areas outside Egypt.

The territory of the empire greatly expanded.

How did people during the Zhou Dynasty perceive natural disasters such as floods or famine? They believed it indicated the rulers were not following the Mandate of Heaven. They thought it meant that God was angry and sending punishment. They believed it meant the dynasty would continue to rule with great success. They thought it indicated the end of times and that they should prepare for death.

They believed it indicated the rulers were not following the Mandate of Heaven.

What element do Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur share? They both celebrate the start of a new year. They both are considered high holy days. They both involve fasting and reflection. They both occur during the spring time.

They both are considered high holy days.

What role did the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers play in the development of civilization? They enriched the soil and helped farmers grow food surpluses. They enabled the people of Mesopotamia to become sea traders. They provided enough water for farmers not to have to irrigate their crops. They isolated the people of Mesopotamia from other regions.

They enriched the soil and helped farmers grow food surpluses.

How did Egypt's main crops of papyrus and cereals best contribute to the development of the civilization? They were difficult to grow in this region, so they were in high demand. They were crucial materials needed for creating other products. They had many uses at home and could be traded for other goods. They could not be stored for long periods of time, so they were very valuable.

They had many uses at home and could be traded for other goods.

How did the emperors of the Han Dynasty encourage and protect Chinese culture? They mandated daily religious rituals. They revived Chinese literature and poetry. They taught the art of silk making to foreigners. They sought experts on the art of paper making.

They revived Chinese literature and poetry.

The Hyksos, as an invading force, brought advanced bronze weaponry to Egypt at the end of the Middle Kingdom. How did the pharaohs of the New Kingdom adopt this technology to the empire's advantage? They sold the technology to allies to fund construction. They used the technology in conquests to expand the empire. They used the technology to facilitate trade. They traded the technology for goods such as wood and gold.

They used the technology in conquests to expand the empire.

The __________ contains many great monuments constructed by the pharaohs of the New Kingdom.

Valley of the Kings

For followers of Confucianism, which statement is the most accurate? People are naturally selfish and evil. Virtue and education are essential. Good laws demand strong laws and government. Ideas must be controlled by the government.

Virtue and education are essential.

How did Chinese culture change during the Warring States period? Nobles began to join their territories together. Kings gained vast amounts of power over people. Law and order were emphasized in all social classes. Virtues such as order and respect began to decline.

Virtues such as order and respect began to decline.

Which idea is part of the philosophical tradition of Confucianism? Virtuous behavior is necessary for a good society. People need strict rules to show them how to act. Punishments, rather than rewards, shape human behavior. The government should decide how people live their lives.

Virtuous behavior is necessary for a good society.

During which Chinese dynasty was Confucius born? Zhou Shang Han Qin

Zhou

Synagogue

a Jewish place of worship

Yom Kippur

a day of repentance

Passover

a holiday to remember the Exodus

Solomon was best known as... a wise king. a tolerant leader. a wealthy prophet. a frugal man.

a wise king.

Which classes of Egyptians participated in death rituals? upper classes and royals priestly classes all but the lowest classes all classes

all classes

When river waters recede after floods, the uncovered soil is described as... polytheistic. domesticated. alluvial. irrigated.

alluvial

Which achievement did the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt have in common? both greatly expanded the territory of the empire both used advanced bronze weaponry both built great monuments both built canals that increased trade and transportation

both built great monuments

What purpose do the Obelisk of Senusret and other obelisks serve? commemorating a pharaoh memorializing the dead acting as conduits for gods

commemorating a pharaoh

When King Menes united the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt by establishing a succession of rulers from the same family, he founded the first Egyptian... religion. dynasty. democracy. city.

dynasty

During Rosh Hashanah, a Jewish person would most likely... eat special delicacies. go to work. engage in a fast. read the Exodus story.

eat special delicacies.

Mathematics and science played a role in the design of the Egyptian architecture. Which particular branch of mathematics guided the design? statistics geometry calculus algebra

geometry

In addition to being the leader of Egypt, what role did the pharaoh play? priest healer god vizier

god

Which food prepared for Seder represents the bitterness of slavery? eggs horseradish salt water unleavened bread

horseradish

The Middle Kingdom was brought to a close with the invasion of the Hyksos, a mixed Semitic-Asiatic group. Which aspect of their military capabilities enabled the Hyksos to conquer Egypt? improved weapons, including horse-drawn chariots a larger military force advanced fortification techniques strategic alliances

improved weapons, including horse-drawn chariots

Which achievement allowed the Middle Kingdom to enjoy great prosperity? building the Great Pyramids developing advanced irrigation expanding the empire's territory improving trade and transportation

improving trade and transportation

What does "Mesopotamia" mean? land between the mountains land between the oceans land between the continents land between the rivers

land between the rivers

Having a ziggurat signified that a Sumerian city was... in need of protection. located on a river. large and important. small and unimportant.

large and important

Hammurabi is best remembered for his legal code. invention of the wheel. worship of many gods. system of irrigation.

legal code

Human dwellings in early Mesopotamia were made of... bricks and wood. stones and clay. mud and grass. steel and concrete.

mud and grass

For how many pharaohs was each pyramid constructed? one two three four

one

What are the names "Judaism" and "Jew" based on? the first Jewish king a demand from God "God" in Hebrew one of the original tribes

one of the original tribes

Which caused the decline of Ancient Egypt's Old Kingdom? conquering invaders pharaohs losing power widespread drought economic hardship

pharaohs losing power

The most important purpose of irrigation was to... preserve scarce water supplies. provide transportation routes. share water with neighboring peoples. keep farmers from growing food surpluses.

preserve scarce water supplies.

What was the purpose of mummification? preserving the body for the afterlife preventing decomposition preserving the soul for the afterlife purifying the soul

preserving the body for the afterlife

The role of the scribe within Egyptian society and government is most similar to that of a(n)... accountant. political advisor. record keeper. leader.

record keeper.

Which geographic features gave rise to early civilization? mountains oceans rivers deserts

rivers

The Fertile Crescent is named after its size. shape. mountains. inhabitants.

shape

Cataract

steeper part of the river where the water runs fast and becomes rapids

Which text has provided the greatest insight into Egyptian burial practices? the Bible the Book of the Dead the Rosetta Stone the Nicene Creed

the Book of the Dead

Under which dynasty was Chinese writing first developed? the Qin dynasty the Zhou dynasty the Shang dynasty the Han dynasty

the Shang dynasty

What is the traditional symbol of Judaism? the Star of David the Torah Yom Kippur the synagogue

the Star of David

Ramses II presided over an era of prosperity in the New Kingdom. Which most significantly reflected his prosperity? the amount of money earned in trade the number of temples he built the number of battles he won the amount of land he conquered

the number of temples he built

Sumerians were the first people of Mesopotamia to use... the plow. irrigation. a spoken language. a number system based on 100.

the plow

Rosh Hashanah

the start of the new year

What form of government was represented by Egyptian pharaohs, in that they were both political leaders and religious figures? anarchy democracy theocracy oligarchy

theocracy

What was the primary purpose of the Ten Commandments? to determine legal codes for trade to support the need for a prophet to outline divine punishment to describe God's rules of behavior

to describe God's rules of behavior

Pyramids were designed to be... regional palaces. temples. government buildings. tombs.

tombs

Pyramids were designed to be... regional palaces. temples. government buildings. tombs.

tombs.

King Menes united ______ and ______ Egypt, founded the capital city of Memphis, and established the first Egyptian ______. Egyptian ______, like Menes, were also believed to be gods; this form of government, in which political leaders are also religious figures, is called a ______.

upper, lower, dynasty, pharaohs, theocracy

What were some of the first crops to be domesticated during the Agricultural Revolution? wheat and barley potatoes and tomatoes soybeans and corn dates and figs

wheat and barley

The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of history's oldest surviving... ziggurats. civilizations. works of literature. trade routes.

works of literature

Hammurabi's Code is important because it was the first code of laws to be... obeyed. written. published in books. used in every ancient civilization.

written

In Egyptian culture, what role did temples most likely play in everyday religious practice and community life? Temples played a small role. Only religious leaders could enter temples, so people worshiped elsewhere. Temples played a large role. State religion and its related practices, including visiting temples, were enforced. Temples played a small role. The expectation of offerings meant that only the wealthy could actively participate in temple culture. Temples played a large role. Temples were the focus of all religious worship and practice in most communities.

Temples played a small role. Only religious leaders could enter temples, so people worshiped elsewhere.

What empire did Hammurabi rule over? Egypt the Fertile Crescent Babylonia China

The Fertile Crescent

How did the Huang He differ from a river such as the Nile? The Nile was made of yellow silt known as loess. The Nile was not depended on for daily survival. The Huang He did not cover a large portion of the country. The Huang He flooded without warning or predictability.

The Huang He flooded without warning or predictability.

How is the Rosetta Stone key to modern-day understanding of ancient Egypt? The Rosetta Stone outlined ancient Egypt's social hierarchy. The Rosetta Stone allowed for the interpretation of hieroglyphs. The Rosetta Stone contained a timeline of Egyptian dynasties. The Rosetta Stone provided a map of the pharaohs' tombs.

The Rosetta Stone allowed for the interpretation of hieroglyphs.

How did Egypt's natural borders protect the country from invaders? The desert was difficult for invaders to cross. The Nile Delta made it difficult for invaders to attack from the coast. The desert made it difficult for Egyptians to build, making their cities hard to find. The Nile River's flooding pattern confounded invaders.

The desert was difficult for invaders to cross.