The Comparative Method

Correlation

An association between two phenomena. i.e. x and y seem to be associated with each other.

Comparative Politics

Applies theories to identify relationships among variables, with the goal of explaining a political phenomenon. Uses the language of the scientific method - cause & effect; independent & dependent variables; hypotheses; generaliseable findings.

Choosing cases

Relevant comparison Selection bias

Hypothesis

Sets out the relationships that we expect to find among different variables.

Comparative politics case approaches

Single case study Study of a large number of cases Structured comparison of a few cases

Inductive analysis

Starts with evidence to make hypothesis

Deductive analysis

Starts with hypothesis and seeks the evidence

Rise of behaviouralism

Study of the behaviour of individuals & groups in society Focus on ideologies & values Quest to be scientific State not the main holder of power (eg cash register analogy).

Scientific method - 4 factors

Systematic observation of a phenomenon Measurement of observations Development and testing of hypotheses to explain the phenomenon Aims to show which factor(s) (variables) cause the observed phenomenon (effect).

Variable

factor whose quality or quantity can vary. A hypothesis suggests the relationship between an outcome (dependent variable) and factors that might explain the outcome (independent variables).

Causation

x causes y.