The Comparative Method
Correlation
An association between two phenomena. i.e. x and y seem to be associated with each other.
Comparative Politics
Applies theories to identify relationships among variables, with the goal of explaining a political phenomenon. Uses the language of the scientific method - cause & effect; independent & dependent variables; hypotheses; generaliseable findings.
Choosing cases
Relevant comparison Selection bias
Hypothesis
Sets out the relationships that we expect to find among different variables.
Comparative politics case approaches
Single case study Study of a large number of cases Structured comparison of a few cases
Inductive analysis
Starts with evidence to make hypothesis
Deductive analysis
Starts with hypothesis and seeks the evidence
Rise of behaviouralism
Study of the behaviour of individuals & groups in society Focus on ideologies & values Quest to be scientific State not the main holder of power (eg cash register analogy).
Scientific method - 4 factors
Systematic observation of a phenomenon Measurement of observations Development and testing of hypotheses to explain the phenomenon Aims to show which factor(s) (variables) cause the observed phenomenon (effect).
Variable
factor whose quality or quantity can vary. A hypothesis suggests the relationship between an outcome (dependent variable) and factors that might explain the outcome (independent variables).
Causation
x causes y.