"The Contemporary World" Lesson 4 : The United Nations and Contemporary Global Governance
September
Annually in _________, The UN members gather at the General Assembly Hall at the UN headquarters where the General Assembly session takes place.
UN official languages
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish (United Nations Department of Public Information 2011)
1945
At the United Nations Conference on International Organization held in ____, the UN flag was commissioned to a group of designers.
26
In the United Nations Declaration of 1942, signed by representatives of __ countries
The Hague, Netherlands
International Court of Justice headquarters is based at the Peace Palace in
15
International Court of Justice is composed of ___ judges, all elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council from different countries that have been approved (United Nations Department of Public Information 2011).
Security Council
Its mission and main responsibility is to watch over and maintain international peace and security. It investigates and determines the occurrence of any act that may threat, initiate a conflict, or disturb international peace. Its five permanent members are China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and there are 10 other non- permanent members elected by geographical regions by the General Assembly that serve for a period of two years.
opium pandemics
League of Nations solved some territorial conflicts and battled human issues, for example, _____ ____
voluntary contributions
Most of the programs and funds are financed by ____ ____ (United Nations Department of Public Information 2008).
Philadelphia
The General Assembly considered other cities, such as __________, but with persusasion by John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s donation of $ 8.5 million dollars, the city of New York donated the property (United Nations Department of Public Information 2008).
philanthropic organizations, NGOs, nonprofits
The United Nations has a close relationship to the work and mission of ____ ____, ____, and ________, such as the International Red Cross, CARE, and OXFAM, in the occurrence of natural or man-made catastrophes
Japan and China
The United States alone gives $8 billion each year to the United Nations, followed by ______ and _____
UN system
__ _____, commonly known as the UN family, encompasses the main organs as well as programs (World Food Programme WFP), funds (United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF), organizations (World Health Organization WHO), and specialized agencies (International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA).
each
______ year, a new president of the General Assembly is selected
UN
advocates for sustainable development and supports international law
UN
also focused on the protection of children, especially those in conflict areas, and has developed norms for their safeguard
193
at the present time, ____ countries are member states
second
the UN was created after the ____World War to prevent conflicts, help the countries at war to make peace, and support peacebuilding and peacekeeping.
International Court of Justice
the main judicial body of the United Nations established in 1946. It works according to the international laws to achieve and solve legal matters and disputes and provides consultancy and advice on legal issues. Individuals are not allowed to present cases before the court, only states.
51
there were ____ member states
UN Charter
this document explains the rights and duties of all countries that belong to the organization
Six main organs of the United Nations
General Assembly, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, the Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, and the Secretariat (United Nations Department of Public Information 2008)
San Francisco Conference
In 1945, at the____ ____ ____ where the UN Charter was signed weeks after the president's death, the members agreed to name the new organization United Nations to pay tribute to the late president whose efforts to achieve world peace during World War II were vital.
UN Flag
It represents a world map centered on the North Pole surrounded by branches of an olive tree which symbolizes world peace. It is white in the center with a blue background.
international intergovernmental organization
On January 10th, 1920, the ____ _____ ____ was officially founded with the enforcement of a peace treaty
Global Goals
SDGs are comprised of 17 "________ _______" which have 169 targets among them to address several sustainability and development issues. These include the previously stated goals, since in many countries these have not been fulfilled, and others that have an environmental and economic impact on the worldwide population.
Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
SDGs official name is
19
The Charter contains __ chapters that detail the objectives, principles, criteria for member states, functions, and powers of each organ of the organization (United Nations Department of Public Information 2011).
World War I
The League of Nations was dismantled in 1946 after the creation of the United Nations in 1945 and because of its failure to prevent ____ ___ _ (Habermann-Box 2014).
Geneva
The League of Nations' main organs were the Assembly, the Council, and the Secretariat which was based in _____
monthly
The Security Council's presidency changes ______ (United Nations Department of Public Information 2011).
Funds and specialized agencies
such as the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have provided goods, services, food, and vaccines that have benefitted over 100 million people in 80 countries (United Nations Department of Public Information 2011).
72
The UN has in its ____ years of existence contributed to international peacebuilding, peacekeeping, and conflict resolution.
Manhattan, New York
The UN headquarters is located in
economic, social, or cultural
The UN's actions are directed to solve any ____, ____, or ____ issues
Treaty of Versailles
The current United Nations had its predecessor organization in the League of Nations, whose mandates and objectives were conceived under the ____ __ ____ by the victorious countries of World War I in 1919 (Mazower 2009).
international aid
The organization relies on _____ ___ to intervene after the occurrence of natural or man-made disasters to provide relief and assistance, especially in countries where the national governments cannot cover such efforts
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
These goals are a UN initiative approved in 2015 to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were established in 2000 to address the most pressing needs of humankind.
League of Nations
This organization's mission, as well as that of the UN, was "to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security" (www.un.org)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
U.S. president coined the term "United Nations"
Cold War
UN also played a major role during the ______ ____ period and later it has intervened in conflicts and carried out peacekeeping operations around the globe.
UN
also assisted in the occurrence of man-made or natural disasters, as in the occurrance of the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and the earthquake that struck the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince, causing the death of over 200,000 Haitians. The peacekeepers from the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) were deployed and worked for the recovery of the nation. Other examples include the aid to refugees of the Iraqi, Somalian, or Afghanistan wars (United Nations Department of Public Information 2011).
Security Council
also plays an important role in the fight for respect of international law
Nobel Peace Prize
award Two Secretary- Generals have received the eleven times (United Nations Department of Public Information 2011).
Mr. António Guterres
current Secretary-General is the Portuguese and 9th to occupy such an honorable position to advocate for the rights of millions around the world
Geneva Convention of 1949
declared that "children shall be protected... and they shall be provided with the help and care they required"
UN
encouraged the decolonization process which resulted in the independence of over 80 countries, and its relief agencies provide shelter and support to millions of displaced refugees
Security Council
has the duty to maintain international security and peace (Fasulo 2003)
provision and mobilization of humanitarian aid
is a major objective of the UN
United Nations
is an international organization founded on October 24th, 1945
Secretary-General
is the main leader of the organization and represents the interests of all people
UN Charter
its ruling and guiding document, came into force after being signed on June, 26th, 1945, in San Francisco
General Assembly
main organ of the United Nations represents, deliberates, and makes recommendations and policies with the representation of all member states. For that reason, it is the only universally represented United Nations organ.
Goals of the United Nations
maintain international peace, security, and develop friendly relations among member states
UN Charter
mentions that it is a key objective of the UN to promote and protect such rights, and for that reason, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was approved in 1948
UN system
operates globally - thus assistance is granted where needed.
Security Council
organ can impose sanctions, and even authorize the use of force in case of a threat to world peace (Howard 1989)
Goals of the United Nations
protect human rights, or the rights inherent to all human beings; for example, the right to education and health
Security Council chamber
where the organ sits, was a gift from Norway, and its mural was designed by Norwegian artist Arnstein Arneberg.
General Assembly
which decides what country becomes a member state