The Great Depression & 1920s

Describe the cultural revolution brought about by radio, films, and changing sexual standards, and the resulting anxiety it produced

This was the first time there was an American pop culture, they all brought people together, but traditionalists begin to panic resulting in things like the KKK

Harlem Renaissance

Time where African Americans embraced and glorified their culture

Red Scare

Time where people were afraid of communism due to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

Wagner Act/ National Labor Relations Act

i don't know if we need to know this

Herbert Hoover

"Rugged Individualism" (Belief that it's your fault if your poor and that government should not get involved), blamed for the great depression, created the hoover dam(providing irrigation, flood control, and electric power), created the federal farm board to buy the surplus of products, created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation which bailed out big buisnesses

First Hundred Days

FDR and Congress pass tons of reforms due to becoming more radical

Election of 1932

FDR wins it, and it's know for the switch of African Americans voting for the Republican party to the Democratic party

Eleanor Roosevelt

Known for being first very politically active first lady

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Act which paid farmers to stop farming so that products weren't as common, thus raising prices

Buying on Margin

Action where people take loans and use money to invest in stocks, but caused people to struggle in the great depression because they were stuck in debt

Explain and analyze America's turn toward social conservatism and normalcy following World War I

America turns more isolationist because they believed the damage of of WWI was due to America becoming less traditional, some examples of this attitude would be the "red scare", KKK, immigration restriction, Scopes Trial, and prohibition

Madison Avenue

Big advertising street, promoting consumerism

National Recovery Act

Brings industries together to create a set of fair business practices benefiting both workers and employers, reduced work hours so more people could be hired, but established maximum and minimum wages

Describe the stock market crash of 1929, and explain the deeper causes of the Great Depression

Britain pulled out of American investments causing everyone else to panic and pull all of their money out as well. Other causes of the GD were debt, overproduction, and the HUGE WEALTH GAP

Sacco & Vanzetti Trial

Charged for murdering a paymaster and are sentenced to death because people fear them due to their background, they were Italian, atheist, anarchists, and draft dodgers, proof of how red scare affected people

Securities & Exchange Commission

Committee of people who oversaw bankers to ensure that they correctly represented stock market information

Reconstruction Finance Company

Created by Congress, it lent money to insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and state and local governments

Farm Board

Created by Hoover with the goal to raise prices by buying the surplus of products to make them more scarce, thus increasing the price

United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Created by Marcus Garvey to promote resettlement of African Americans in Africa, promoted the belief of keeping money within own community

Marcus Garvey

Created the United Negro Improvement Association(UNIA) and encouraged African Americans to go back to their roots and even move back to Africa

Dust Bowl/Okies

Displaced farmers who moved out west due to dust storms along with droughts hitting their land

Indian Reorganization Act

Encouraged them to embrace their culture and heritage rather than assimilate

Second Hundred Days

Even more radical than first one hundred days, same thing but more extreme

Court-Packing Plan

FDR's attempt to pass legislation which would allow him to add liberal justices to the Supreme Court, the legislation specifically proposed that a new justice would be added for every member over the age of 70 who would not retire. Most people opposed this plan

New Deal

FDR's political platform which set out to complete the three R's

"The Birth of A Nation"

First full length feature film which glorified the KKK

Warren G. Harding

First president in the 1920s, his term was known for being plagued with corruption

Charles Lindbergh

Flew across the world solo

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Government corporation which insured bank deposits up to $5,000, its goal was to bring people back to the bank

Tennessee Valley Authority

Government run company with the purpose of constructing dams on the Tennessee River, projects like these not only provided employment and long-term recovery, but also gave the government information on exactly how much money was required to produce and distribute electricity

Brain Trust

Group of writers who worked for FDR helping develop his programs

Glass-Steagall Act

Guaranteed people get their money back if the bank loses it, intended to get people to trust banks again, created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

Explain why FDR became more liberal by 1933

He saw some of the things happening as the government's fault and believed the change was need to make changes

Discuss how Hoover went from being a symbol of twenties business success to a symbol of depression failure

He started out as a success symbol because his rise to presidency was a "rag to riches" story, however he became a symbol for failure because the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression, during his term of presidency and people felt he didn't take enough action.

Franklin Roosevelt

His political platform was the New Deal program, attempted to deal with agricultural overproduction, unemployment, businesses closing, and banks closing

Indicate how Hoover's response to the depression reflected a combination of old-time rugged individualism and the new view that the federal government had some responsibility for the economy

Hoover showed rugged individualism through never directly giving people money but rather the opportunity to get more, and his new view was that the government was partially responsible for all the problems. The Federal Farm Board, Reconstruction Refinance Corporation, and the Hoover Dam are examples of his mindset.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Increased the tax on goods bought by other countries very high in attempt to bring in more money, but actually ceases international trade because it was so high

Henry Ford

Invented Model T and perfected the assembly line thus making cars available to more people

Explain how new ideas and values were reflected and promoted in the innovative American literature and music of the 1920s, including the African American Harlem Renaissance

Jazz became very popular in this time period, and African American culture was celebrated

John Maynard Kane

Know for Keynesianism economics, encouraging government to spend more money than their profits to recover economy

Francis Townsend

Known as an FDR critic, called a demagogue, created an unrealistic plans for providing money, specifically for old people

Huey Long

Known as an FDR critic, called a demagogue, created an unrealistic plans for providing money, specifically promised people $5,000 through a "Share the Wealth" program

Describe the rise of Franklin Roosevelt to the presidency in 1932

Majority of it had to do with his personality, a lot people thought he had a comfortable speaking voice and that he was charismatic. He had also promoted social programs in New York before running for President

"Hooverville"

Makeshift town where people who lost everything lived

Model T

Model of car Henry Ford designed

Calvin Coolidge

Most Prosperous president of the 1920s, reduced taxes

Immigration Act of 1924

Moved the quota from 3% to 2%, caused controversy because there was a large population of Europeans in 1910

Why might some critics argue that FDR was an enemy of capitalism, while others might argue that Franklin Roosevelt should actually be regarded as a savior of the capitalist system and a hero to the American Buisness

People would view him as an enemy because things like the court-packing plan, TVA running against private businesses were viewed as socialist ideas/plans. However, people arguing against that would say he provided relief and prevented an economic collapse, fought unemployment, closed wage gap, and got people to trust the banks again.

Assembly Line

Perfected by Henry, it provided speedy production and also made production more trustworthy

Langston Hughes

Poet during the Harlem Renaissance, wrote about the difficulties African Americans face

18th Amendment

Prohibition

Margaret Sanger

Promoted birth control and represented shifting from traditional women roles

Volstead Act

Provided enforcement of the 18th Amendment

Social Security Act

Provided federal-state unemployment insurance and security for old age, certain categories of retired workers would receive regular payments from government. It's main goal was to support urbanized Americans who could not grow their own food and pretty much barely scraped by, or not, with their job payckeck

Civilian Conservation Corps

Provided relief by giving about 3 million people jobs which usually pertained to conserving the environment, most of these jobs had no value (boondoggling)

The Three R's

Reform, Recovery, and Relief

Describe each of the early New Deal Three R goals--Relief, Recovery, and Reform--and indicate what major effects were made to achieve the goal

Relief was intended for temporary, short-term recovery while reform was meant for permanent, long-term recovery

George "Babe" Ruth

Represented the increase of popularity of spectator sports which promoted consumerism

Explain why Roosevelt became so frustrated with the conservative Supreme Court, and how his Court-packing plan backfired and weakened the political momentum of the New Deal

Roosevelt became frustrated with the conservative Supreme Court because they constantly shoot down his plans, but when he tried to use the court-packing plan he turned people against him and lost support from congress

Works Progress Administration

Same thing as CCC but jobs involved construction of road, buildings, etc.

Analyze the economic prosperity of the 1920s

Since goods are being made in large quantities prices are lowered making products more available to people. Credit allows people to buy goods even when they do not have the money for it. Investing allowed people to make even more money off the money they have.

Describe and analyze the arguments presented by both critics and defenders of the New Deal

Some people saw him as an autocrat meaning that he gave government too much power. People who defended him would say that he prevented an economic collapse

Bible Belt

Southern States

Ku Klux Klan

Terrorist group which represented traditionalism of the time

Black Tuesday

The day the stock market crashed which was caused by Britain pulling out of American stocks causing everyone else to panic and sell everything, October 29th, 1929

Explain the problems associated with Prohibition

The problems with prohibition was that it was nearly impossible to enforce, most people even legislators broke it, and it caused a loss in revenue. It also led to an increase in organized crime because money could be made easily by selling alcohol.

Describe the cultural conflicts of the 1920s over such issues as immigration, cultural pluralism and prohibition; and describe the rise of organized crime during the decade

The problems with prohibition was that it was nearly impossible to enforce, most people even legislators broke it, and it caused a loss in revenue. It also led to an increase in organized crime because money could be made easily by selling alcohol. Immigration was limited to a large extent, most people were mad because the acts passed favored northern Europeans, and restriction escalated to the point where Japanese were banned.

Discuss the rise of the mass-consumption economy, led by the automobile industry and how innovations affected by society

Things become more affordable for the public, one example is how Ford perfected the assembly line which sped up production making automobiles cheaper and more affordable. Advertising and an increase in credit availability get people to spend more of their money.

Federal Housing Administration

This administration gave small loans to homeowners for the purpose of improving their homes and buying new ones in attempt to improve the home-building industry

Scopes Trial

Trial involving a teacher who was charged for teaching evolution in class and eventually is charged guilty, trial represented battle between modern and traditional ideas

Resettlement Administration

Tried to provide land for displaced farmers moving away from their homes

Bonus Army

WWI veterans who went on strike because they wanted their payments early, originally promised to receive by around 1940, because everyone needed it

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

Was temporarily implied to plug the flood of immigrants by placing a quota on the number of European immigrants who could enter America each year, the limit was that only 3% of the people of their nationality who had been living in the U.S. in 1910 could come to America