the index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:
a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness
a flail chest occurs when:
a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage
a reflex arc occurs when
a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve
a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is a result of an insect bit or sting:
a wheal
accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause
abdominal distention
pneumothorax is defined as:
accumulation of air in the pleural space
a femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the
acetabulum
when administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic pt with a chronic lung disease, you should:
adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations
an open pneumothorax occurs when:
air enters the pleural space from outside of the body
erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in: a. ileus b. an ulcer c. appendicitis d. cholecystitis
an ulcer
the smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:
arterioles
kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:
attempting to eliminate acids from the blood
which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain: cardiac skeletal smooth autonomic
autonomic
an epidural hematoma is defined as:
bleeding between the skull and the dura mater
bone marrow produces: platelets blood cells lymphocytes electrolytes
blood cells
hyphema
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
the musculoskeletal system refers to the:
bones and voluntary muscles of the body
the CNS is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord
the phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as
cavitation
the most common and most serious complication of a significant head injury is ______.
cerebral edema
the 3 major parts of the brain:
cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem
functions of the liver include:
production of substances necessary for clotting
status epilepticus is charactized by:
prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness
to minimize risk of litigation, the EMT should always:
provide competent care that meets current standards
body heat is lost to the atmosphere to nearby objects without physically touching them *most significant*
radiation
when a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:
remains in motion until acted upon by an outside force
the systemic veins function by
returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:
right atrium
stinger from honeybee should be:
scraped away from the skin
you should be most suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:
slow
in contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system: a. prepares the body to handle stress b. causes increase in heart rate c. slows the heart and respiratory rates d. dilates the blood vessels in the muscles
slows the heart and respiratory rates
significant trauma to the face should increase the EMTs index of suspicion for a(n):
spinal cord injury
solid abdominal organs include: a. stomach, small intestine b. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas c. gallbladder, large intestine d. urinary bladder, colon, ureters
spleen, kidneys, pancreas (also the liver)
a ______ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is a partial or temporary separation of the bone end as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments
sprain
the standards for prehospital car and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:
state office of EMS
urticaria
hives
common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following except: a. nausea b. headache c. tachycardia d. hot, dry skin
hot, dry skin is not a sign of heat exhaustion
the ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:
how rapidly he or she bleeds
diabetic coma is a life threatening condition that results from: a. hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration b. hyperglycemia, excess insulin, and ketoacidosis
hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration
after an AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:
immediately resume CPR
breathing occurs as the result of a(n): **think co2 csf**
increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF
the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:
inhalation
a laceration (according to bruce)
is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt for trauma
bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped
a driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she...
is ejected or partially ejected
with regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, what is true about the first collision?
it is the most dramatic part of the collision and make make extrication difficult
in order for evaporation to be an effective cooling mechanism:
it must be able to evaporate from the body
what is the function of the left atrium
it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
a hematoma develops when:
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged
all of the following are lines with mucous membranes EXCEPT for: lips nose anus mouth
lips
bruising to the RU quadrant following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of an injury to the:
liver
which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? a. liver b. stomach c. appendix d. gallbladder
liver
a strangulated hernia is one that...
loses its blood supply due to compression of local tissues
most superior portion of the sternum
manubrium
the nose, chin, umbilicus, and spine are examples of _____ anatomic structures
midline
the _____ plane separates he body into left and right halves
midsagittal
angina pectoris occurs when:
myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply
an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:
myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen
during the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because:
new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries
prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:
offer little to no side protection
the ______ is made up of the maxilla, zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium
orbit
which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? a. hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets b. patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously c. hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting d. approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia
patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously
which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patients life? amputated extremity bilateral femur fractures nondisplaced long bone fractures pelvic fracture with hypotension
pelvic fracture with hypotension
the ___ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
peripheral
when a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:
peritonitis may not develop for several hours
the MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:
point tenderness
crepitus and false motion are:
positive indicators of a fracture
the cervical spine is composed of ______ vertebrae
7
when would it be most appropriate for a pt to take his or her prescribed nitrooglycerin?
chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest
in order for a DNR order to be valid, it must:
clearly state he patient's medical problem
body heat is lost to nearby object through physical touch (direct contact)
conduction (putting hand in water)
The PCR ensures:
continuity of care
body heat is lost to surrounding air, which becomes, rises, and is replaced with cooler air
convection
classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:
cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; rapid respirations
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
the most reliable sign of a head injury is:
dcreased level of consciousness
putrefaction
decomposition of the body's tissues
cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:
decreased pumping force of the heart muscle
the MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:
delaying transport of a critically injured patient
signs of agitated delirium:
diaphoresis, tachycardia, hallucinations
oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:
diffusion
in relation to the wrist, the elbow is:
distal
the anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:
emotion
high humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:
evaporation
ketone production is a result of:
fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable
peritonitis may result in shock because:
fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues
heatstroke occurs when:
the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed
a TIA occurs when:
the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery
what is sickle cell disease?
the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen
the adam's apple is:
the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage
what is the main difference in the management/control of diabetes between type I and type II?
type II does not control their disease with supplemental insulin
a patient who is experiencing aphasia is:
unable to produce or understand speech
which organ is most at risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? pancreas fallopian tubes urinary bladder liver or spleen
urinary bladder
the principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that a patient with hypoglycemia:
usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness
skeletal muscle is also called:
voluntary muscle
epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:
wheezing and hypotension are present
CISM can occur at an ongoing scene in all of the following circumstances except:
when patients are actively being assessed or treated
hemoglobin is (location/responsibility)
within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen
the index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
your concern for potentially serious underlying conditions
facial bones
zygoma, mandible, maxillae, orbits