the index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:

a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness

a flail chest occurs when:

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage

a reflex arc occurs when

a sensory nerve detects an irritating stimulus and bypasses the brain by sending a direct message to the motor nerve

a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is a result of an insect bit or sting:

a wheal

accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will MOST likely cause

abdominal distention

pneumothorax is defined as:

accumulation of air in the pleural space

a femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the

acetabulum

when administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic pt with a chronic lung disease, you should:

adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations

an open pneumothorax occurs when:

air enters the pleural space from outside of the body

erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in: a. ileus b. an ulcer c. appendicitis d. cholecystitis

an ulcer

the smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles

kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood

which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain: cardiac skeletal smooth autonomic

autonomic

an epidural hematoma is defined as:

bleeding between the skull and the dura mater

bone marrow produces: platelets blood cells lymphocytes electrolytes

blood cells

hyphema

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

the musculoskeletal system refers to the:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body

the CNS is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord

the phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as

cavitation

the most common and most serious complication of a significant head injury is ______.

cerebral edema

the 3 major parts of the brain:

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

functions of the liver include:

production of substances necessary for clotting

status epilepticus is charactized by:

prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness

to minimize risk of litigation, the EMT should always:

provide competent care that meets current standards

body heat is lost to the atmosphere to nearby objects without physically touching them *most significant*

radiation

when a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an outside force

the systemic veins function by

returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

right atrium

stinger from honeybee should be:

scraped away from the skin

you should be most suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

slow

in contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system: a. prepares the body to handle stress b. causes increase in heart rate c. slows the heart and respiratory rates d. dilates the blood vessels in the muscles

slows the heart and respiratory rates

significant trauma to the face should increase the EMTs index of suspicion for a(n):

spinal cord injury

solid abdominal organs include: a. stomach, small intestine b. spleen, kidneys, and pancreas c. gallbladder, large intestine d. urinary bladder, colon, ureters

spleen, kidneys, pancreas (also the liver)

a ______ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is a partial or temporary separation of the bone end as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments

sprain

the standards for prehospital car and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:

state office of EMS

urticaria

hives

common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following except: a. nausea b. headache c. tachycardia d. hot, dry skin

hot, dry skin is not a sign of heat exhaustion

the ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds

diabetic coma is a life threatening condition that results from: a. hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration b. hyperglycemia, excess insulin, and ketoacidosis

hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration

after an AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

immediately resume CPR

breathing occurs as the result of a(n): **think co2 csf**

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the CSF

the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

inhalation

a laceration (according to bruce)

is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt for trauma

bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped

a driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she...

is ejected or partially ejected

with regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, what is true about the first collision?

it is the most dramatic part of the collision and make make extrication difficult

in order for evaporation to be an effective cooling mechanism:

it must be able to evaporate from the body

what is the function of the left atrium

it receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

a hematoma develops when:

large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged

all of the following are lines with mucous membranes EXCEPT for: lips nose anus mouth

lips

bruising to the RU quadrant following blunt trauma is MOST suggestive of an injury to the:

liver

which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured? a. liver b. stomach c. appendix d. gallbladder

liver

a strangulated hernia is one that...

loses its blood supply due to compression of local tissues

most superior portion of the sternum

manubrium

the nose, chin, umbilicus, and spine are examples of _____ anatomic structures

midline

the _____ plane separates he body into left and right halves

midsagittal

angina pectoris occurs when:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply

an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen

during the normal wound healing process, bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because:

new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries

prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:

offer little to no side protection

the ______ is made up of the maxilla, zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium

orbit

which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? a. hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets b. patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously c. hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting d. approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia

patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously

which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patients life? amputated extremity bilateral femur fractures nondisplaced long bone fractures pelvic fracture with hypotension

pelvic fracture with hypotension

the ___ nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

peripheral

when a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours

the MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

point tenderness

crepitus and false motion are:

positive indicators of a fracture

the cervical spine is composed of ______ vertebrae

7

when would it be most appropriate for a pt to take his or her prescribed nitrooglycerin?

chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest

in order for a DNR order to be valid, it must:

clearly state he patient's medical problem

body heat is lost to nearby object through physical touch (direct contact)

conduction (putting hand in water)

The PCR ensures:

continuity of care

body heat is lost to surrounding air, which becomes, rises, and is replaced with cooler air

convection

classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; rapid respirations

hemoptysis

coughing up blood

the most reliable sign of a head injury is:

dcreased level of consciousness

putrefaction

decomposition of the body's tissues

cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:

decreased pumping force of the heart muscle

the MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

delaying transport of a critically injured patient

signs of agitated delirium:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, hallucinations

oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion

in relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

distal

the anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:

emotion

high humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:

evaporation

ketone production is a result of:

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable

peritonitis may result in shock because:

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues

heatstroke occurs when:

the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed

a TIA occurs when:

the normal body processes destroy a clot in a cerebral artery

what is sickle cell disease?

the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen

the adam's apple is:

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage

what is the main difference in the management/control of diabetes between type I and type II?

type II does not control their disease with supplemental insulin

a patient who is experiencing aphasia is:

unable to produce or understand speech

which organ is most at risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture? pancreas fallopian tubes urinary bladder liver or spleen

urinary bladder

the principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that a patient with hypoglycemia:

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness

skeletal muscle is also called:

voluntary muscle

epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

wheezing and hypotension are present

CISM can occur at an ongoing scene in all of the following circumstances except:

when patients are actively being assessed or treated

hemoglobin is (location/responsibility)

within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen

the index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your concern for potentially serious underlying conditions

facial bones

zygoma, mandible, maxillae, orbits