the muscular system 2

primary action: adducts arm and flexes shoulder

deltoid

prime mover for shoulder abduction

deltoid

29) Which of the following muscles closes the jaw? A) buccinator B) zygomaticus C) frontalis D) sternocleidomastoid E) both masseter and temporalis

e

39) Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the hip ________. A) biceps femoris B) gastrocnemius C) tibialis anterior D) soleus E) iliopsoas

e

41) What is the origin of the deltoid muscle? A) proximal radius B) proximal humerus C) distal humerus D) olecranon process of ulna E) scapular spine and clavicle

e

primary action: flexes and rotates vertebral column

external oblique

17) The deltoid is a prime mover of arm adduction.

false

20) Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle.

false

primary action: plantar flex and evert foot

fibularis muscles

primary action: raises eyebrows

frontalis

spindle shaped muscle with an expanded belly

fusiform

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 20) The movement of a limb away from the body midline

g

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 22) Primary action of the deltoid

g

"toe dancer's" muscle; a two-bellied muscle of the calf

gastrocnemius

primary action: plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

gastrocnemius

primary action: abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking

gluteus medius

some muscles are named by the ________ they produce

action

what is moving a bone closer to the midlines of the body?

adduction

34) A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the ________. A) platysma B) masseter C) zygomaticus D) buccinator E) temporalis

d

35) What is the main function of the quadriceps group? A) arm flexion B) hand supination C) thigh abduction D) knee extension E) foot inversion

d

biceps femoris

hamstring

largest

maximus

primary action: blinks and closes eyes

orbicularis oculi

what are the two attachments that all muscles have called?

origin, insertion

four origins

quadriceps

muscle group that extends the knee

quadriceps

rectus femorus

quadriceps

primary action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

rectus abdominus

what will bring about increased muscle size strength and endurance?

regular exercise

what is rotation of the forearm such that the palms face anteriorly?

supination

inverts and dorsiflexes the foot

tibialis anterior

primary action: dorsiflexes and inverts foot

tibialis anterior

muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders and extend your head

trapezius

primary action: raises, retracts and rotates scapula

trapezius

three origins

triceps

primary action: extends elbow

triceps brachii

what is the rule of thumb with muscles?

use it or lose it

primary action: raises corner of mouth upward

zygomaticus

muscles can only pull, therefore the action from muscle movement is the result of the movement of what?

2 or more muscles

what means fibers run straight or parallel to the imaginary line?

rectus

the name means "straight muscle of the abdomen"

rectus abdominis

same tone or same tension

isotonic contractions

primary action: closes jaw, retracts mandible

masseter

25) The hamstring group is the prime mover of thigh ________ and knee ________. A) extension; flexion B) dorsiflexion; plantar flexion C) abduction; adduction D) rotation; circumduction

a

33) A muscle located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body is the ________. A) pectoralis major B) occipitalis C) gastrocnemius D) gluteus medius E) latissimus dorsi

a

40) Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint? A) deltoid B) biceps brachii C) triceps brachii D) latissimus dorsi E) pectoralis major

a

24) The prime mover of arm abduction is the ________ muscle. A) trapezius B) deltoid C) latissimus dorsi D) quadratus lumborum

b

31) Which of these muscles is a synergist to masseter? A) sternocleidomastoid B) temporalis C) trapezius D) buccinator E) orbicularis oris

b

37) Which muscle is an antagonist to gastrocnemius? A) sartorius B) tibialis anterior C) fibularis brevis D) fibularis longus E) soleus

b

what is rotation of the forearm such that the palms face posteriorly?

pronation

typically the bulk of a muscle lies ________ to the joint crossed.

proximal

primary action: extends fingers

extensor digitorum

11) Isometric contractions produce movement when filaments slide past one another and the muscle shortens

false

plantar flex and evert the foot

fibularis muscles

what muscle movement decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together?

flexion

what means "same length"?

isometric

smallest

minimus

what means the fibers run at a slant to that imaginary line?

oblique

primary action: plantar flexes foot

soleus

what are muscles that help a prime mover called?

synergists

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 19) The movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis

c

two origins

biceps

what are all our muscles attached too?

bone and connective tissue

primary action: flexes elbow and supinates forearm

biceps brachii

what combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction? usually seen in ball and socket joints

circumduction

winding up for a pitch can be called _______.

circumduction

primary action: flexes wrist and abducts hand

flexor carpi radialis

primary action: flexes wrist and adducts hand

flexor carpi ulnaris

primary action: flexes wrist and fingers

flexor digitorum superficialis

plantar flexor

soleus

16) Abduction and adduction are antagonistic actions.

true

18) The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall is the transversus abdominis.

true

19) The deltoid muscle is a common site for intramuscular injections.

true

44) What condition results if muscles are not used, such as when immobilized in a cast for healing a broken bone? A) hypertrophy B) lordosis C) atrophy D) spina bifida E) scoliosis

c

semimembranosus

hamstring

semitendinosus

hamstring

what is the location attached to the moveable bone?

insertion

what is the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing particular movement called?

prime mover

what is moving a bone away from the midline of the body? (includes fanning your fingers)

abduction

when the fascicles are arranged in concentric rings

circular

what is lifting the foot so the anterior surface approaches the shin called?

dorsiflexion

primary action: flexes hip

iliopsoas

during what contraction are the filaments unable to slide past one another?

isometric contraction

what does attempting to lift a 500lb object alone results in?

isometric contraction

muscle group that allows you to draw legs to the midline of your body

adductors

primary action: extends wrist and abducts hand

extensor carpi radialis

short fascicles attach obliquely to central tendon running length of muscle

pennate

vastus lateralis

quadriceps

45) Which one of the following is NOT a criterion generally used in naming muscles? A) relative size of the muscle B) number of origins of the muscle C) shape of the muscle D) method of attachment of the muscle to bone E) action of the muscle

D

19) Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________. A) isotonic contractions B) twitches C) isometric contractions D) resistance exercises

a

43) Which of the following muscles are antagonists? A) biceps brachii and triceps brachii B) bicpes femoris and biceps brachii C) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis D) masseter and temporalis E) gastrocnemius and soleus

a

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 15) Type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint

a

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 25) Primary action of the rectus abdominis

a

primary action: adduct and medially rotate thigh

adductor muscles

muscles are arranged so that whatever one muscle or group of muscles can do.....?

another can do in reverse

what are muscles that reverse movements called?

antagonists

what is it called when muscles are not routinely exercised and begin to waste and shrink?

atrophy

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 24) Primary action of the erector spinae

b

primary action: flexes elbow

brachialis

primary action: compresses cheek, as in sucking, holds food between teeth while chewing

buccinator

21) Muscles that perform opposite actions to one another are termed ________. A) synergists B) prime movers C) antagonists D) fixators

c

36) A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n) ________. A) antagonist only B) fixator only C) synergist only D) antagonist and synergist E) antagonist and fixator

c

42) While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________. A) extension B) flexion C) abduction D) adduction E) circumduction

c

when the fascicles converge toward a single insertion tendon

convergent

20) The point of muscle attachment to an immovable or less movable bone is known as the ________. A) innervation B) action C) insertion D) origin

d

30) Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is NOT involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers ________. A) flexor carpi radialis B) flexor carpi ulnaris C) extensor digitorum D) extensor digitorum longus E) extensor carpi radialis

d

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 17) The movement of a limb toward the body midline

d

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 23) Primary action of the adductor muscles

d

primary action: abducts humerus

deltoid

which of the muscle can be named by having a distinctive shape?

deltoid

walking on your heels is ______.

dorsiflexion

32) Which muscle helps compress the abdominal contents during defecation or childbirth? A) internal intercostals B) deltoids C) trapezius D) iliopsoas E) rectus abdominis

e

38) Which muscle group includes the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus? A) abdominal muscles B) quadriceps group C) adductor group D) fibularis muscles E) hamstring group

e

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 18) Type of movement that points the toes

e

primary action: extends and laterally flexes spine

erector spinae

what is turning the plantar surface of the foot laterally?

eversion

what muscle movement is the opposite of flexion and it increases the angle of a joint or the distance between two bones?

extension

primary action: extends toes

extensor digitorum longus

part of the abdominal girdle forms the external lateral walls of the abdomen

external oblique

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 16) Type of movement that allows you to carry a soup bowl

f

21) The hamstring group inserts into the distal tibia.

false

23) Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.

false

what are specialized synergists, they hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of the prime mover?

fixators

primary action: extends hip

gluteus maximus

used to extend the hip when climbing stairs

gluteus maximus

smaller hip muscle commonly used as injection site

gluteus medius

A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 21) Type of movement that turns the sole of the foot medially

h

primary action: flex knee and extend hip

hamstring muscles

muscle group that extends the knee and flexes the knee

hamstrings

Hip flexor, deep in pelvis; a composite of two muscles

iliopsoas

during muscle contraction what moves toward what?

insertion moves toward origin

what is turning the plantar surface of the foot medially?

inversion

during what contraction are the filaments able to slide past one another and have the muscle shorten?

isotonic contraction

what are bending a knee, and smiling examples of?

isotonic contractions

movement occurs when muscles contract across what?

joints

when the length of the fascicles run parallell to the long axis of the muscle?

parallel

primary action: adducts and flexes humerus

pectoralis major

prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction

pectoralis major

standing on your toes as in ballet is ______ of the foot.

plantar flexion

what is depressing the foot (pointing your toes) called?

plantar flexion

primary action: tenses skin of neck during shaving

platysma

Acting alone, each muscle of this pair turns the head toward the opposite shoulder

sternocleidomastoid

primary action: flexes neck, laterally rotates the head

sternocleidomastoid

primary action: closes jaw, elevates mandible

temporalis

primary action: extends and adducts humerus

latissimus dorsi

long

longus

All muscles cross at least ____ _________.

one joint

what is touching the tips of the fingers with your thumb?

opposition

primary action: closes and protrudes lips, kissing muscle

orbicularis oris

what is the location that is attached to the immovable or less moveable bone?

origin

action that moves the the distal end of the radius across the ulna is _______.

pronation

muscles can only _______, never ________

pull, push

vastus medialis

quadriceps

primary action: all extend knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh

quadriceps group (vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis, and the rectus femoris)

what is the movement of a bone around a longitudinal axis? (shaking your head no)

rotation

primary action: flexes thigh on hip

sartorius

straplike muscle that is weak thigh flexor the tailors muscle

sartorius

how are muscles named by location?

which bone they overlie