the muscular system 2
primary action: adducts arm and flexes shoulder
deltoid
prime mover for shoulder abduction
deltoid
29) Which of the following muscles closes the jaw? A) buccinator B) zygomaticus C) frontalis D) sternocleidomastoid E) both masseter and temporalis
e
39) Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the hip ________. A) biceps femoris B) gastrocnemius C) tibialis anterior D) soleus E) iliopsoas
e
41) What is the origin of the deltoid muscle? A) proximal radius B) proximal humerus C) distal humerus D) olecranon process of ulna E) scapular spine and clavicle
e
primary action: flexes and rotates vertebral column
external oblique
17) The deltoid is a prime mover of arm adduction.
false
20) Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle.
false
primary action: plantar flex and evert foot
fibularis muscles
primary action: raises eyebrows
frontalis
spindle shaped muscle with an expanded belly
fusiform
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 20) The movement of a limb away from the body midline
g
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 22) Primary action of the deltoid
g
"toe dancer's" muscle; a two-bellied muscle of the calf
gastrocnemius
primary action: plantar flexes foot and flexes knee
gastrocnemius
primary action: abducts thigh; steadies pelvis during walking
gluteus medius
some muscles are named by the ________ they produce
action
what is moving a bone closer to the midlines of the body?
adduction
34) A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling or blowing a trumpet called the ________. A) platysma B) masseter C) zygomaticus D) buccinator E) temporalis
d
35) What is the main function of the quadriceps group? A) arm flexion B) hand supination C) thigh abduction D) knee extension E) foot inversion
d
biceps femoris
hamstring
largest
maximus
primary action: blinks and closes eyes
orbicularis oculi
what are the two attachments that all muscles have called?
origin, insertion
four origins
quadriceps
muscle group that extends the knee
quadriceps
rectus femorus
quadriceps
primary action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen
rectus abdominus
what will bring about increased muscle size strength and endurance?
regular exercise
what is rotation of the forearm such that the palms face anteriorly?
supination
inverts and dorsiflexes the foot
tibialis anterior
primary action: dorsiflexes and inverts foot
tibialis anterior
muscle that allows you to shrug your shoulders and extend your head
trapezius
primary action: raises, retracts and rotates scapula
trapezius
three origins
triceps
primary action: extends elbow
triceps brachii
what is the rule of thumb with muscles?
use it or lose it
primary action: raises corner of mouth upward
zygomaticus
muscles can only pull, therefore the action from muscle movement is the result of the movement of what?
2 or more muscles
what means fibers run straight or parallel to the imaginary line?
rectus
the name means "straight muscle of the abdomen"
rectus abdominis
same tone or same tension
isotonic contractions
primary action: closes jaw, retracts mandible
masseter
25) The hamstring group is the prime mover of thigh ________ and knee ________. A) extension; flexion B) dorsiflexion; plantar flexion C) abduction; adduction D) rotation; circumduction
a
33) A muscle located on the ventral (anterior) side of the body is the ________. A) pectoralis major B) occipitalis C) gastrocnemius D) gluteus medius E) latissimus dorsi
a
40) Which one of the following muscles is involved in abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint? A) deltoid B) biceps brachii C) triceps brachii D) latissimus dorsi E) pectoralis major
a
24) The prime mover of arm abduction is the ________ muscle. A) trapezius B) deltoid C) latissimus dorsi D) quadratus lumborum
b
31) Which of these muscles is a synergist to masseter? A) sternocleidomastoid B) temporalis C) trapezius D) buccinator E) orbicularis oris
b
37) Which muscle is an antagonist to gastrocnemius? A) sartorius B) tibialis anterior C) fibularis brevis D) fibularis longus E) soleus
b
what is rotation of the forearm such that the palms face posteriorly?
pronation
typically the bulk of a muscle lies ________ to the joint crossed.
proximal
primary action: extends fingers
extensor digitorum
11) Isometric contractions produce movement when filaments slide past one another and the muscle shortens
false
plantar flex and evert the foot
fibularis muscles
what muscle movement decreases the angle of the joint and brings two bones closer together?
flexion
what means "same length"?
isometric
smallest
minimus
what means the fibers run at a slant to that imaginary line?
oblique
primary action: plantar flexes foot
soleus
what are muscles that help a prime mover called?
synergists
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 19) The movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
c
two origins
biceps
what are all our muscles attached too?
bone and connective tissue
primary action: flexes elbow and supinates forearm
biceps brachii
what combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction? usually seen in ball and socket joints
circumduction
winding up for a pitch can be called _______.
circumduction
primary action: flexes wrist and abducts hand
flexor carpi radialis
primary action: flexes wrist and adducts hand
flexor carpi ulnaris
primary action: flexes wrist and fingers
flexor digitorum superficialis
plantar flexor
soleus
16) Abduction and adduction are antagonistic actions.
true
18) The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall is the transversus abdominis.
true
19) The deltoid muscle is a common site for intramuscular injections.
true
44) What condition results if muscles are not used, such as when immobilized in a cast for healing a broken bone? A) hypertrophy B) lordosis C) atrophy D) spina bifida E) scoliosis
c
semimembranosus
hamstring
semitendinosus
hamstring
what is the location attached to the moveable bone?
insertion
what is the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing particular movement called?
prime mover
what is moving a bone away from the midline of the body? (includes fanning your fingers)
abduction
when the fascicles are arranged in concentric rings
circular
what is lifting the foot so the anterior surface approaches the shin called?
dorsiflexion
primary action: flexes hip
iliopsoas
during what contraction are the filaments unable to slide past one another?
isometric contraction
what does attempting to lift a 500lb object alone results in?
isometric contraction
muscle group that allows you to draw legs to the midline of your body
adductors
primary action: extends wrist and abducts hand
extensor carpi radialis
short fascicles attach obliquely to central tendon running length of muscle
pennate
vastus lateralis
quadriceps
45) Which one of the following is NOT a criterion generally used in naming muscles? A) relative size of the muscle B) number of origins of the muscle C) shape of the muscle D) method of attachment of the muscle to bone E) action of the muscle
D
19) Contractions in which muscles shorten and produce movement are known as ________. A) isotonic contractions B) twitches C) isometric contractions D) resistance exercises
a
43) Which of the following muscles are antagonists? A) biceps brachii and triceps brachii B) bicpes femoris and biceps brachii C) vastus medialis and vastus lateralis D) masseter and temporalis E) gastrocnemius and soleus
a
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 15) Type of movement that decreases the angle of the joint
a
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 25) Primary action of the rectus abdominis
a
primary action: adduct and medially rotate thigh
adductor muscles
muscles are arranged so that whatever one muscle or group of muscles can do.....?
another can do in reverse
what are muscles that reverse movements called?
antagonists
what is it called when muscles are not routinely exercised and begin to waste and shrink?
atrophy
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 24) Primary action of the erector spinae
b
primary action: flexes elbow
brachialis
primary action: compresses cheek, as in sucking, holds food between teeth while chewing
buccinator
21) Muscles that perform opposite actions to one another are termed ________. A) synergists B) prime movers C) antagonists D) fixators
c
36) A muscle group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(n) ________. A) antagonist only B) fixator only C) synergist only D) antagonist and synergist E) antagonist and fixator
c
42) While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called ________. A) extension B) flexion C) abduction D) adduction E) circumduction
c
when the fascicles converge toward a single insertion tendon
convergent
20) The point of muscle attachment to an immovable or less movable bone is known as the ________. A) innervation B) action C) insertion D) origin
d
30) Sandra is playing the piano for her recital. Which muscle is NOT involved in the movement of her hands and/or fingers ________. A) flexor carpi radialis B) flexor carpi ulnaris C) extensor digitorum D) extensor digitorum longus E) extensor carpi radialis
d
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 17) The movement of a limb toward the body midline
d
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 23) Primary action of the adductor muscles
d
primary action: abducts humerus
deltoid
which of the muscle can be named by having a distinctive shape?
deltoid
walking on your heels is ______.
dorsiflexion
32) Which muscle helps compress the abdominal contents during defecation or childbirth? A) internal intercostals B) deltoids C) trapezius D) iliopsoas E) rectus abdominis
e
38) Which muscle group includes the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus? A) abdominal muscles B) quadriceps group C) adductor group D) fibularis muscles E) hamstring group
e
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 18) Type of movement that points the toes
e
primary action: extends and laterally flexes spine
erector spinae
what is turning the plantar surface of the foot laterally?
eversion
what muscle movement is the opposite of flexion and it increases the angle of a joint or the distance between two bones?
extension
primary action: extends toes
extensor digitorum longus
part of the abdominal girdle forms the external lateral walls of the abdomen
external oblique
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 16) Type of movement that allows you to carry a soup bowl
f
21) The hamstring group inserts into the distal tibia.
false
23) Supination and pronation refer to up and down movements of the foot at the ankle.
false
what are specialized synergists, they hold a bone still or stabilize the origin of the prime mover?
fixators
primary action: extends hip
gluteus maximus
used to extend the hip when climbing stairs
gluteus maximus
smaller hip muscle commonly used as injection site
gluteus medius
A) flexion B) extension C) rotation D) adduction E) plantar flexion F) supination G) abduction H) inversion 21) Type of movement that turns the sole of the foot medially
h
primary action: flex knee and extend hip
hamstring muscles
muscle group that extends the knee and flexes the knee
hamstrings
Hip flexor, deep in pelvis; a composite of two muscles
iliopsoas
during muscle contraction what moves toward what?
insertion moves toward origin
what is turning the plantar surface of the foot medially?
inversion
during what contraction are the filaments able to slide past one another and have the muscle shorten?
isotonic contraction
what are bending a knee, and smiling examples of?
isotonic contractions
movement occurs when muscles contract across what?
joints
when the length of the fascicles run parallell to the long axis of the muscle?
parallel
primary action: adducts and flexes humerus
pectoralis major
prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction
pectoralis major
standing on your toes as in ballet is ______ of the foot.
plantar flexion
what is depressing the foot (pointing your toes) called?
plantar flexion
primary action: tenses skin of neck during shaving
platysma
Acting alone, each muscle of this pair turns the head toward the opposite shoulder
sternocleidomastoid
primary action: flexes neck, laterally rotates the head
sternocleidomastoid
primary action: closes jaw, elevates mandible
temporalis
primary action: extends and adducts humerus
latissimus dorsi
long
longus
All muscles cross at least ____ _________.
one joint
what is touching the tips of the fingers with your thumb?
opposition
primary action: closes and protrudes lips, kissing muscle
orbicularis oris
what is the location that is attached to the immovable or less moveable bone?
origin
action that moves the the distal end of the radius across the ulna is _______.
pronation
muscles can only _______, never ________
pull, push
vastus medialis
quadriceps
primary action: all extend knee; rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh
quadriceps group (vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis, and the rectus femoris)
what is the movement of a bone around a longitudinal axis? (shaking your head no)
rotation
primary action: flexes thigh on hip
sartorius
straplike muscle that is weak thigh flexor the tailors muscle
sartorius
how are muscles named by location?
which bone they overlie