Nutrition Chapter 4

When comparing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in foods, the conversion to glucose will vary because:

disaccharides are easily split into monosaccharides in the intestine and absorbed.

Which of the following would be appropriate to try if you experience symptoms of postprandial hypoglycemia?

eat regularly timed meals and consume balanced meals

It would be appropriate to recommend high-fiber foods to someone trying to lose weight because:

fiber promotes a feeling of fullness and fiber may displace calorie-dense concentrated fats. b and c

Which monosaccharide is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit?

fructose

Which of the following is the most-used monosaccharide inside the body?

glucose

Plants store sucrose as starch because:

glucose is soluble in water and the glucose would be washed away by rain. a and b

The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level and elicits an insulin response as compared with pure glucose can be measured is called the:

glycemic index

One of the main reasons that obesity contributes to type 2 diabetes is because:

inflammation in the tissues triggers them to resist insulin.

Products of the incomplete breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available are called:

ketone bodies

It can be said that the energy we obtain from foods comes from the sun. This is because:

light energy from the sun is used in photosynthesis to create chemical energy in the plant.

Which of the following nutrients is not required by law to be added to refined grain products?

magnesium

With two exceptions, the _____ food group provides almost no carbohydrate to the diet.

meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts

Digestion of most starch begins in the:

mouth.

Which of the following foods would you choose as an effective stool-softening agent?

oat bran

When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the fist organ to respond is the:

pancreas

Which of the following is not an effect of fiber?

promotes weight gain and feeling of fullness

The best diet for managing diabetes:

provides the recommended amount of fiber and is adequate in protein. a and c

When you are selecting the type of bread to buy that will provide the whole grain you need in your diet, the best selection would be:

rye bread.

When fructose and glucose are bonded together they form:

table sugar

Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because:

the glucose that is produced from them is vital to fuel most of the body's cells.

After chewing a piece of bread for awhile, you begin to experience a slightly sweet taste. This taste results from:

the liberation of maltose from starch.

Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

the person's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas and the pancreas no longer produces insulin a and b

Fruits differ from concentrated sweets because:

their sugars are diluted in large volumes of water and they are packaged with fiber a and b

You are trying to decide which type of sugar to use, and want to choose the one that would have the greatest nutritional value. Your best choice would be?

to select any of the sugars because none of them is "more healthy" than another

The form of starch that is most easily digested in the body is:

white flour.

Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product?

whole grain

You are teaching a client how to lower blood cholesterol levels by consuming foods high in fiber. Which of the following foods would be LEAST effective for this purpose?

whole-wheat breads

The increase in added sugars in the diet is the main cause of the increase in obesity today.

FALSE

One of your friends makes the statement that her diet contains no sucrose because she does not consume table sugar. What would be an appropriate response to that statement?

You're wrong, because sucrose occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables.

Which of the following foods contains about 15 grams of carbohydrate?

a slice of bread and 1/2 cup of cooked corn a and b

A desirable intake of dietary fiber is _____ grams daily, according to the American Dietetic Association.

20 - 35

A person with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has just been advised that he should begin a 2100-calorie diet with 45% of the energy coming from carbohydrate. How many grams of carbohydrate would that be?

236

You have included one-half cup of sliced strawberries on your cup of cornflakes for breakfast. How many grams of fiber would you estimate you have eaten?

3.5 grams

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, people should obtain about _____ percent of their daily energy from carbohydrates.

45 - 65

If you are asked for advice on whether diets high in fiber can reduce colon cancer risk, what would you reply?

A possible role of fiber in the colon is to provide butyrate as energy to keep the colon cells healthy and resistant to chemical damage causing cell changes.

The form and glycemic load of carbohydrate consumed in the diet has the following relationship with diabetes:

Diabetes is rare when whole foods provide most of the carbohydrates in a diet of moderate calories.

What recommendations would you provide to someone trying to improve his workout?

Eat a small snack rich in complex carbohydrates two hours before the workout, and drink some extra fluid before the workout. a and b

Carbohydrate has been rightly accused of being the fattening ingredient of foods; therefore, we need to consume fewer starchy foods.

FALSE

Research has shown that eating too much carbohydrate can cause diabetes.

FALSE

What is the role of insulin in weight gain?

People with insulin resistance gain more weight, especially with high-carbohydrate diets.

Most unrefined plant foods contain a mix of fiber types.

TRUE

The glycemic index and glycemic load of foods may be important to people with diabetes who must strive to regulate blood glucose control.

TRUE

Nutrition and health experts recommend that we include adequate fiber in our diet because of its properties during digestion. What is an example of these properties?

The insoluble fiber that cannot be broken down and aids in easing elimination in the colon.

How would you respond to someone who states that white bread is just as nutritious as whole-wheat bread?

Whole-wheat bread is preferable because it is likely to contain several nutrients not added to white bread, and whole-wheat bread is higher in fiber content than white bread. b and c

Many people use products such as breath mints and chewing gum that contain sugar alcohols. Is this a good practice for health?

Yes, because bacteria cannot metabolize sugar alcohols quickly enough to cause dental caries.

A person states they are having hypoglycemic symptoms when waking up. Your response to them is:

You may want to check with your doctor because it could be a result of a medical complication.

All of the following groups are particularly vulnerable to harmful effects of consuming too much fiber except:

adults.

When selecting foods that have a lower glycemic index, which of the following would be recommended?

barley

Which of the following is most closely related to diabetes?

body fatness

Which of the following would be the best calcium source for an adult with milk allergy?

canned salmon with bones