The Princeton Review - Chapter 3 - Vocab
Imaginary numbers
The square roots of negative numbers, that is, any numbers containing i, which represents root over -1
Real Numbers
any number on the number line; everything except imaginary numbers
distinct numbers
numbers that are different from each other
arithmetic mean
the average of a list of values; also simply referred to as the "mean"
remainder
the integer left over after dividing two numbers. for example, when 17 is divided by 2, the remained is 1.
consecutive numbers
the members of a set listed in order, without skipping any; consecutive integers: -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2; consecutive positive multiplies of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12.
median
the middle value in a list when arranged in increasing order; in a list with an even number of members, the average of the two middle values
positive difference
the number you get by subtracting the smaller of two numbers from the bigger one
absolute value
the positive version of a number. you just strike the negative sign if there is one
sum
the result of adding numbers
quotient
the result of dividing numbers
product
the result of multiplying numbers
difference
the result of subtracting numbers
reciprocal
the result when 1 is divided by a number. for example the reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3, and the reciprocal of 1/16 is 16
mode
the value that occurs often in a list. if no value appears more often than all the others in a list, than that list has no no mode
Prime Numbers are
3,5,7
Rational Numbers
All positive and negative integers, fractions, and decimal numbers; technically, any number that can be expressed as a fraction of two integers - which means everything except numbers containing weird radicals (such as root 2), pi or e
Prime Number
An integer that has exactly two distinct factors: itself and 1. All prime numbers are positive: the smallest prime number is 2. Two is also the only even prime number. One is not prime.
Irrational Numbers
Any number that does not end or repeat. This includes all numbers with radicals that can't be simplified, such as root 2. All numbers containing pi or e. Note that repeating decimals like .333 are rational (they're equivalent to fractions, such as 1/3)