The Princeton Review - Chapter 3 - Vocab

Imaginary numbers

The square roots of negative numbers, that is, any numbers containing i, which represents root over -1

Real Numbers

any number on the number line; everything except imaginary numbers

distinct numbers

numbers that are different from each other

arithmetic mean

the average of a list of values; also simply referred to as the "mean"

remainder

the integer left over after dividing two numbers. for example, when 17 is divided by 2, the remained is 1.

consecutive numbers

the members of a set listed in order, without skipping any; consecutive integers: -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2; consecutive positive multiplies of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12.

median

the middle value in a list when arranged in increasing order; in a list with an even number of members, the average of the two middle values

positive difference

the number you get by subtracting the smaller of two numbers from the bigger one

absolute value

the positive version of a number. you just strike the negative sign if there is one

sum

the result of adding numbers

quotient

the result of dividing numbers

product

the result of multiplying numbers

difference

the result of subtracting numbers

reciprocal

the result when 1 is divided by a number. for example the reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3, and the reciprocal of 1/16 is 16

mode

the value that occurs often in a list. if no value appears more often than all the others in a list, than that list has no no mode

Prime Numbers are

3,5,7

Rational Numbers

All positive and negative integers, fractions, and decimal numbers; technically, any number that can be expressed as a fraction of two integers - which means everything except numbers containing weird radicals (such as root 2), pi or e

Prime Number

An integer that has exactly two distinct factors: itself and 1. All prime numbers are positive: the smallest prime number is 2. Two is also the only even prime number. One is not prime.

Irrational Numbers

Any number that does not end or repeat. This includes all numbers with radicals that can't be simplified, such as root 2. All numbers containing pi or e. Note that repeating decimals like .333 are rational (they're equivalent to fractions, such as 1/3)