The renaissance

How was the northern Renaissance different from the Renaissance in Italy?

In northern Europe, Renaissance thinkers combined classical learning with religious thinking and ideas for social reform

What factors led to the beginning of the Renaissance in northern Europe?

The Hundred Years' War ended, plague ended, Urban merchant became wealthy enough to sponsor, increased population

How is the Renaissance emphasis on the individual connected to the renewed interest in skepticism?

The focus on the individual made it easier for people to ask questions and make up their own minds.

Leonardo da Vinci

Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer, and scientist

What was the transition in the renaissance?

Middle Ages to modernity

Albert Durer

Produced woodcuts and engravings, portrayed religious subjects, classical myths, realistic landscapes

patron

person who financially supported artists

What were the New Ways of Thinking?

- people had own opinions - people would think for them selfs

What were the effects on Society?

- people thought for them selfs - people had own opinions - idea of checking everything

What was the changes in literature?

- questioning attitude - wanted to form their own opinions and make up their own minds - start of vernacular

Pieter Bruegel

interested in realistic details and individual people, captured scenes from everyday life

Johann Gutenberg

German craftsman who developed the printing press

What type of period is the renaissance?

a fervent period

What techniques does Bruegel use to give life to his paintings?

rich colors, vivid details, balanced use of space

Christine de Pizan

Women reformer who questioned the treatment of women

Which areas of the world contributed technologies to Gutenberg's printing press?

Asia (including China) and Europe

Han Holbein

German painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style, and is considered one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century. He also produced religious art, satire, and Reformation propaganda, and he made a significant contribution to the history of book design.

What effects did the emphasis on individuals have on painters and sculptors?

they painted portraits of prominent citizens, showing what was distinctive about each; they glorified the human body in natural postures; they developed perspective to enhance realism

What effects did the printing press have?

The impact of the printing press. The printing press had dramatic effects on European civilization. Its immediate effect was that it spread information quickly and accurately. This helped create a wider literate reading public.

What role did new technologies play in the birth of the Renaissance?

art architecture and writing

perspective

art technique that re-creates three dimensions

What was the importance of the use of vernacular?

books could be read by anyone

secular

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

humanism

focus on human potential and achievements

What are secular ideas?

ideas centered on the things of the world

What ideas and events helped lead up to the Renaissance?

increased trade, political independence, rise of merchant class

What did Renaissance writers write about?

renaissance writers wrote about their own thoughts and feelings, and to express themselves

Michelangelo

Italian sculptor, architect, painter, and poet

How do the works of Renaissance artists and architects reflect Renaissance ideas? Explain.

The ideas of humanism, realism, and classicism are reflected in Renaissance art. Humanists, who focused on human potential and achievements, were interested in Greek values. Raphael even depicted Greek philosophers in School of Athens. Renaissance artworks glorify the individual and the human body and reflect classical influence. Classical art and architecture influenced Renaissance artists and architects.

What method did painters use to achieve a realistic style?

Painters developed the use of perspective which created the illusion that their paintings were 3D

How did the writing of Petrarch, Boccaccio, Machiavelli, and Colonna demonstrate the values of humanism?

Petrarch wrote sonnets about an ideal women; Boccacio wrote about the fallies of his characters;Machiavelli wrote about the imperfect condition of humans , in the context of politics ; colana wrote about personal subjects

utopia

an ideal place

What is rebirth?

the process of being reincarnated or born again

What were artistic Styles?

- development of printing press - development of moving type - people had more access to books - people could exchange ideas

Erasmus

wrote book The Praise of Folly, believed in Christianity of the heart

How were Leonardo and Michelangelo alike?

Both were "Renaissance men," skilled in painting, sculpture, architecture, and engineering.

What time period was the renaissance?

1300-1600

What did the renaissance promote?

the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art.

William Shakespeare

famous Renaissance writer

How were expectations for Renaissance men and Renaissance women similar?

Both were expected to be educated and knowledgeable about art and culture

How is the influence of Renaissance architecture seen today?

Features like pillars and arches are still used in buildings today.

What are two ways in which Shakespeare's work showed Renaissance influences?

In his work, Shakespeare drew from the classics and displayed a deep understanding of human beings combined with a high idea of human nature.

How was Italy unlike other countries in Europe?

Instead of a single nation-state with a strong central government, Italy included a number of city-states, each with its own ruler.

Johann Gutenberg

Invented the printing press

How did increasing global contact affect Europe?

It exposed Europeans to ideas, inventions, and knowledge from Asia and the Islamic world, and reintroduced the knowledge and philosophy of ancient Greece and Rome.

How did the invention of the printing press affect the dissemination of knowledge and ideas?

It made books readily available and cheap enough for many people to afford.

How did the invention of the printing press help spread learning and Renaissance ideas?

It made it possible to produce books cheaper, so that more people could afford them. This made reading more common and also spread new information.

What did northern European artists paint?

Northern European artists painted religious subjects and realistic landscapes as well as lifelike portraits and scenes of peasant life.

Who were two of the most famous writers of the northern Renaissance?

Shakespeare and Thomas More

How was a new spirit of inquiry reflected by the Renaissance?

The attitudes changed when people questioned about religion and faith would lead to changes in organized religion.

Why were cities important to the birth of the Renaissance?

They exchanged ideas from city to city

What reasons did humanists give for wanting to reform society?

They wanted people to live a Christian life. To do so they had to give up greed, corruption, and war and provide education for women and children as well as boys and men.

How did writers reflect Renaissance values in their work?

They wrote either for self expression or to portray the individuality of their subjects

William Shakespeare

most famous playwright of the Elizabethan age, his works showed deep understanding between humans

How did the methods and subjects in art change during the Renaissance?

painting became more realistic because of perspective. also went beyond religion

What does skepticism mean?

questioning ideas before accepting them

What was the economic base in Flanders?

trade and production

Thomas Moore

tried to show a better model of society, he wrote the book Utopia to show an ideal society

True or false: renaissance changed society?

true

What does vernacular mean?

use of native language instead of classical Latin, so everybody can read it

Jan Van Eyck

used recently developed oil pants to develop techniques, realistic details and personality of his subjects