The Renaissance in Europe

SA: What was a key difference between the northern European artists and the Italian artists?

"Circumstances" played a role in the differences. --The large wall spaces of Italian churches had encouraged the art of fresco painting. Italian artists used these spaces to master the technical skills that allowed them to portray humans in realistic settings. In the north, the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages, with their stained glass windows, did not allow enough space for frescoes.

The humanist movement of the Renaissance was based on the study of what?

Classics, the literature of ancient Greece and Rome.

Why did Savonarola gain power?

Condemned the corruption and excesses of the medici family. He got citizens to reject the Medici rule

SA: How was the governmental structure different in Renaissance Italy city-states?

Each of the five major territorial states had different government systems. Venice was a republic, Florence was also a republic, naples was a monarchy.

When did children become emancipated in Renaissance Italy?

Male- when the father said to go Female- when they got married

How was the human-focused worldview of the Italian Renaissance expressed in its art?

Many artists painted the human body. They focused on realism and individuals, they made it detailed.

SA: What are some differences in the ways Sforzas and the Medicis used their influence?

Medici family used wealth to gain their power, ran the government from behind the scenes. Using their wealth and personal influence, they dominated the city. ---- the Sforza family used force with mercenaries to get their power, led a group of mercenaries and conquered the city, and using an efficient tax system, also generated huge revenues for the government.

In The Book of the Courtier, Castiglione stated that who should follow a standard of conduct?

A noble

SA: How does Castiglione's view of the responsibilities of a ruling class differ from Machiavelli's?

Castiglione's view was a well-developed individual. "A noble was born, not made. He must have character, grace, and talent. The noble had to be a warrior, but also needed a classical education and an interest in the arts. Finally, a noble had to follow certain standards of conduct." Machiavelli's view was "a leader must do good when possible, but be ready to do evil when necessary.

How did Petrarch's actions spread Renaissance ideas in the fourteenth century?

He looked for forgotten latin manuscripts and set in motion a search for similar manuscripts in monastic libraries throughout europe.

SA: What kind of people did humanists hope to create with the schools they established?

Humanist educators thought that education was a practical preparation for life and its aim was to (create well-rounded citizens, not great scholars.)

SA: How was education during the Renaissance shaped by humanism?

It was a secular focused and liberal studies Ex: History, Math, Music, Art

The purpose of humanist schools during the Renaissance was to achieve what?

Its aim was to create well-rounded citizens, not great scholars.

Of the European population, who made up the largest group?

Peasants

What effect did printing with movable type have on people during the Renaissance?

People became more educated.

Machiavelli believed that moral principles should not influence what?

Politics

SA: How did humanism influence the works of Renaissance artists and authors?

Sculptures were humans and not gods and religious figures. In art you saw more nature, and painting ideas changed constantly. More ways to paint were invented. The authors wrote in language that everyone could read

Which famous family ruled Florence?

The Medici Family

ESSAY: Explain how the Renaissance was a rebirth. Analyze the ways in which it imitated and differed from the cultures that inspired it.

The Renaissance was a rebirth in the sense that people changed the way they thought and saw things. More people moved away from religion and It became more human based. Sculptures were humans, not gods/ religious figures. In art you saw more nature and more ways to paint were invented. Secularism and an emphasis on the individual characterized the Renaissance. A thriving trade network was based in Italy's many cities that were flourishing. The cities were there were each independent and creating their own government system.

The Italian Wars, fought between France and Spain, reached a turning point when what happened?

The army of Charles 1 attacked Rome with mercenaries from different countries that went unpaid for weeks. THE SACK ROME

What emphasis was most typical of Italy during the Renaissance?

The individual ability

SA: How do the ideas expressed by Machiavelli in The Prince reflect an emphasis on the individual?

The ruler should rule by there own judgement and not by the social values. If he has to sacrifice a couple men for the betterment of the society.

SA: How was society characterized during the Renaissance?

The society had three social classes: the clergy, the nobility, and the peasants and townspeople

SA: How did Machiavelli's work influence political power in the Western world?

The western Europe followed his views of ruling by being tough and ruthless. Western Europe followed his views and were very powerful over the people, punishing some to stay in power.

SA: Describe the economic and political situation in Italy during the Renaissance.

Thriving trade network was based in Italy's many cities. The energy that trade gave to Italy's urban environment encouraged an exchange of ideas that helped stimulate the development of Renaissance culture.

SA: What contributed to the rise of the Italian states during the Renaissance?

all 5 areas have different rulers and they dominated in there area and they all are independent with there own ideas.

SA: How did humanism help define the Italian Renaissance?

because the characteristics were the most noticeable in the intellectual and artistic accomplishments of the period

The economic power of the Italian states led to their what?

increasing political power

The Italian Renaissance produced master artists such as painters __________ and _______.

leonardo da vinci and michelangelo buonarroti

Courses of study including history, philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, and music were known as what?

liberal studies

The monarchies of France and Spain were attracted by Italy's what?

riches/wealth

The art of the Renaissance in northern European countries would be represented by what?

small specific detail or realism

Dante wrote The Divine Comedy in the vernacular rather than in classical Latin so that who could read his work?

the general public (everyone)

What core idea of the Renaissance was expressed by painters using the laws of perspective?

they focus on a individual person and painted the human body with realism