The Roman Triumph- FINAL

Fulvilius Nobilior

(186 BC) Was first to bring in a stadium and puts on fantastic show (10 days of games and festivals )

Scipio Africanus

(201 BC)-beat hannibal -battle of zamba; carth people went to declare war with Rome- almost denied him a triumph- but allowed him to be one, to make up for everything he made his triumph much longer- starting in Italy; more lavish

Dentatus

(275 BC)-peric war ended in 275 BC- brought elephants into city of Rome- strong statement to public

Requirements to have a Triumph

-must be granted by senate -must be a general with imperium -victory in a foreign war in assigned territory -at least 5000 enemies killed -Senatorial concerns (people believing that general is a imperator, goes to senate)

Order of the Procession

1: Conquered generals- made parade through procession 2: Captured spoils- displays of jewels, wealth, animals, slaves, weapons and how we get a lot of foreign culture in Rome/ parading swords and other equipment -two days taken to display spoils (sometimes enough money to feed all the people for 2 years.) would carry plagues stating other things they had captured but couldn't be drug through the streets- floats where people are acting out on them of battles ***wealth given to public in variety 3: small token number of troops in full battle gear- wore decorations of weaponry and crowns on their heads (the MVPS of the war) 4: Then finally the Triumphator

Romulus

Romulus- 3 mythical triumphs; slayed irabian king?- built a shrine to Jupiter (one who carries spoils)

Julius Caesar

comes back to Rome and now has a triumph for his victory over Pompey -guidelines are skewed because it wasn't against a foreign person

Purposes of having a Triumph

commemoration of a victory; displaying forces; justice of gratitude to Jupiter (dedication to gods)

Augustus versus Mark Antony

him and Cleopatra commit suicide When he comes back to Rome - Triumphs but it was a civil war -says it was a war against Cleopatra

Fasces

is a symbol worn by imperators to reflect the power of imperium (power to lead)

Arch of Titus

most famous- general in war against Jerusalem

Imperium

was the power to command troops, a ability to be a general, voted on by Roman people

Lucius Papirius

celebrating the end of the samnite wars 3 (samnites were mountain people) display of captures arms parading through city

Triumphal Route

Begins at Campus Martius or Field of Mars- goes to Palatine hill- through Via Sacra- up to the Capitoline hill to the temple of Jupiter *here the general would make dedications to Jupiter

What would the slave do while behind the Triumphator?

He would hold his crown and ego check the Triumphator by constantly whispering in his ear that he is not a god

The Triumphator

He would ride in chariot and dressed in elaborate robes -festival days the face of Jupiter's face is painted red, therefore the Triumphator also paints face red; slave would stand behind man holding crown above head but would continually remind him that he is not a god even though he is dressed up as one. -ego check Family could be with him on chariot however everyone else is on foot

Pompey the Great (3)

3 separate triumphs -Africa -Hispania -mithridates- lasted 2 days; triumph of luxury and values of restraint *tried having a 4 elephant chariot to bring him down the street- didn't happen/ showing that he is better than all of the other generals Civil war breaks out between pompey and caesar- both elected as counsels and senate declares pompey are full counsel- and caesar wants to go to war with pompey to save Rome from the tyranny; Caesar tracks Pompey down- eventually Pompey makes his way to Egypt and is killed; Caesar has control

Imperator

A man who was a general

What is a Triumph?

It was a celebration of a victory in a foreign war; there was a procession (parade); there was public spectacles recognizing the armies and generals

The highest honor in Rome was a victory in Triumph.

True.