The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves: Chapter Test

The median nerve _____. -is the most medial of all of the peripheral nerves -gives off the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve -receives branches from all three cords -gets a branch from the medial and lateral cords

gets a branch from the medial and lateral cords

A dermatome __________. -is a region of skin that hairs do not grow on -is a specific organ, such as the heart or liver, supplied by a specific spinal nerve -is a region of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve -is a region of skin that has no nerve supply and thus is not very sensitive

is a region of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve

The patellar reflex __________. -is a stretch reflex that prevents damage to the quadriceps -is a polysynaptic reflex -regulates the length of the hamstring muscles -is used to keep muscles from becoming too short from excessive contraction

is a stretch reflex that prevents damage to the quadriceps

Which of the following INCORRECTLY represents the contribution for each of the peripheral nerves? -musculocutaneous—C5, C6, C7 -radial Nerve—C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 -ulnar Nerve—C8, T1 -median Nerve—C5, C6, C8, T1

median Nerve—C5, C6, C8, T1

Which of the following does not arise from the posterior cord? -suprascapular -axillary nerve -upper subscapular -thoracodorsal

suprascapular

Looking at this figure you can see that __________. -the pudendal nerve crosses under a large ligament on its way to the gluteal muscles -the common fibular nerve wraps around the medial side of the leg -branches of the superior gluteal nerve innervate the gluteus maximus -the inferior gluteal nerve comes out below the piriformis muscle

the inferior gluteal nerve comes out below the piriformis muscle

If the sciatic nerve were compressed, which area of the leg would NOT be affected? -the popliteal area -the lateral side of the calf -the heel -the medial side of the thigh

the medial side of the thigh

In a reflex arc, which step follows the activation of a motor neuron? -the activation of a sensory neuron -the arrival of a stimulus -the response by the effector -the processing of the stimulus by the spinal cord

the response by the effector

The regional order from the spinal cord roots is _____. -trunks, divisions, cords, and peripheral nerves -cords, divisions, trunks, and peripheral nerves -divisions, trunks, cords, and peripheral nerves -peripheral nerves, trunks, cords, and divisions

trunks, divisions, cords, and peripheral nerves

Why are there 30 vertebrae but 31 pairs of spinal nerves? -In the cervical area, there are eight nerve pairs, with the first exiting above C1. -Between the C7 and T1 vertebrae there are two nerve pairs that exit the spinal cord. -All nerves are named for the vertebrae superior to them, and there is an extra nerve in the coccygeal area. -There are only 30 pairs of nerves, not 31.

In the cervical area, there are eight nerve pairs, with the first exiting above C1

Moving from the superior to inferior ends of the spinal cord, give the order of the spinal regions and their correct numbers of nerve pairs. -cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (2) -cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (1) -cervical (7), thoracic (13), lumbar (5), coccygeal (1), sacral (5) -cervical (8), lumbar (6), thoracic (12), coccygeal (1), sacral (5)

cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (1)

Which of the following is NOT controlled by a nerve from the sacral plexus? -contraction of the hamstring muscles -contraction of the quadriceps muscles -urination -defecation

contraction of the quadriceps muscles

Which number is the best classification for the reflexes that maintain homeostasis? -Control skeletal muscle contractions -control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, glands -multiple synapse -processing in the brain

control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, glands

What is true of all of the axons within a particular tract? -They are of approximately the same diameter. -They carry information to approximately the same location. -They carry either sensory or motor information. -All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct: -They are of approximately the same diameter. -They carry information to approximately the same location. -They carry either sensory or motor information.

What do the spinal meninges do? -protect the cord from injury that would be caused by rubbing against a vertebral foramen -isolate the spinal cord from surrounding tissue -absorb shock transmitted up the body when walking, running, or other vigorous motions occur -All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed. -protect the cord from injury that would be caused by rubbing against a vertebral foramen -isolate the spinal cord from surrounding tissue -absorb shock transmitted up the body when walking, running, or other vigorous motions occur

To avoid damaging the spinal cord during a spinal tap, the needle should be inserted _____ -above C1 -between T2- T8 -near the lumbar enlargement -below L1- L2

Below L1-L2

The sympathetic nerve ____________. -carries impulses to skeletal muscles of the back -carry impulses to sweat glands of the skin -carry sensory messages from the proprioceptors of the limbs -carries sensory information from the heart and lungs

Carries sensory information from the heart and lungs

The spinal cord __________. -has only 12 pairs of nerves extending from it, one for each pair of ribs -extends from the base of the brain into the sacrum -is covered in 10 layers of supportive wrappings to protect it from injury -contains enlarged areas for nerves supplying the upper and lower limbs

Contains enlarged areas for nerves supplying the upper and lower limbs

The ventral root of a spinal nerve __________. -contains visceral and somatic motor nerve axons -contains sensory axons from the abdominal cavity -contains sensory neuron cell bodies -contains postganglionic nerve fibers only

Contains visceral and somatic motor nerve axons

The Spinal Cord ends at ____. -ilum terminale -dorsal ganglion -cauda equina -conus medullaris

Conus Medullaris

Which of the following terms identifies the most inferior part of the spinal cord? -filum terminale -dorsal root -conus medullaris -cauda equina

Conus Medullaris

What is the last layer of connective tissue that blood vessels must penetrate in order to supply individual axons in a spinal nerve? -epineurium -endoneurium -perineurium -supraneurium

Endoneurium

Which number would be the best classification for the type of reflexes attained through martial arts? -Genetically determined -Learned -Processing in spinal cord -control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, glands

Learned

Which of the following is correctly matched? -thoracic—8 pair of spinal nerves -sacral—1 pair of spinal nerves -lumbar—5 pair of spinal nerves -cervical—7 pairs of spinal nerves

Lumbar- 5 pair of spinal nerves

Which of the meninges is punctured when a woman in labor receives an epidural injection of anesthesia? -The dura mater and arachnoid layer are punctured during an epidural injection, and the anesthesia is put into the subarachnoid space. -The dura mater is punctured during an epidural injection. -None of the meninges is punctured because the injection is in the epidural space. -All of the meninges are punctured so the spinal cord can be numbed.

None of the meninges is punctured because the injection is in the epidural space

The connective tissue wrapping that surrounds an entire spinal nerve is called the __________. -perineurium -epineurium -endoneurium -pianeurium

Perineurium

If Adam is walking through his yard barefoot and steps on a nail, he will withdraw his injured foot yet also extend his other leg so as not to fall. This kind of reflex could be called __________. -innate -cranial -polysynaptic -autonomic

Polysynaptic

The denticulate ligaments of the pia mater __________. -serve as a pathway for the spinal nerves to exit and enter the spinal cord -protect the spinal cord from side-to-side motion that might damage the cord -block the passage of drugs into the spinal cord -provide a passageway for blood vessels from the exterior to penetrate the spinal cord

Protect the spinal cord from side-to-side motion that might damage the cord

Where is the CSF located?

Subarachnoid space

The cervical enlargement _____. -occurs in the proximal cervical segments from C1- C4 -supplies nerves to the upper extremity -contains only gray matter is the only enlargement in the spinal cord

Supplies nerves to the upper extremity

The ulnar nerve, which we refer to as our "funny bone" when we strike it, comes from what structure? -brachial plexus, medial cord -brachial plexus, superior trunk -cervical plexus, lateral cord -brachial plexus, posterior cord

brachial plexus, medial cord

Damage to the cervical plexus could interfere with what important process? -heart rate -breathing -digestion -urination

breathing

The sciatic nerve __________. -supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh -divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves -is medial to the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve -comes out above the piriformis muscle

divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves

A nerve plexus __________. -are tangles of spinal nerves that supply sensory information alone to various areas of the spinal cord -is a branching of spinal nerves found in the hands and feet to supply sensation to the fingers and toes -is a tangled bundle of spinal nerves formed by the fusion of multiple ventral rami -is a tangle of axons found within the spinal cord that supply given areas of the body

is a tangled bundle of spinal nerves formed by the fusion of multiple ventral rami

The sural nerve ____________. -passes anterior to the medial malleolus -is formed by branches of the tibial and common fibular nerve -innervates the muscles in the back of the thigh -descends with the great saphenous vein

is formed by branches of the tibial and common fibular nerve