Ther Ex- Strength/Resistance

What 3 connective tissues improve the strength or power of muscles?

1. tendons 2. ligaments 3. bone

Type of active-resistive exercise in which resistance is provided by a therapist __________.

Manual resistive exercise

strength

greatest measurable force that can be exerted by a mm to overcome resistance in a single effort

What are myofibrils composed of?

actin & myosin

The muscle-setting exercises are used to decrease muscle pain and spasm to promote relaxation and circulation after injury to soft tissues during the __________ of healing.

acute phase

slow twitch

aerobic, fatigue resistant

fast twitch

anaerobic, fatigue easily

Physical activities and exercises, particularly those performed in WB positions, are typically recommended to minimize or prevent age-related ______ loss.

bone

Rationale for use of concentric an eccentric exercises

both exercises are part of daily life and should be included in exercise program

Fasicle

bundle of mm fibers; covered by perimysium

shortening of the muscle occurs with tension in muscle overcoming external force, as when lifting a weight

concentric

general fatigue

consider BS, K, age

individual mm fibers

covered by endomysium

What happens to capillaries density when muscles hypertrophy?

decrease

muscle fatigue

decrease contraction w/increase reps

reversibility

detraining starts w/i 1-2 wks (think: HEP/FMP)

lengthening of the muscle as it attempts to control the load, as when lowering a weight.

eccentric

Transformation of type IIB to type IIA is common with _____________(two words), as well as during the early weeks of heavy resistance training making type II fibers _____ resistant to fatigue.

endurance training; more

work

force exerted on an object and the distance it moves

What is the most common type of dynamometry in PT?

grip strength dynamometry

Connective tissues changes in tendon/ligaments ________ tensile strength and cause less injury.

increase

hypertrophy

increase in the bulk (size) of an individual mm fiber caused by an increase in myofibrillar volume.

Static form of exercise in which a muscle contracts and produces force without an appreciable change in length of the muscle and without visible joint movement __________.

isometric exercise

Cardiopulmonary adaptations need ________ intensity, ______ reps

low; high

Best used for early rehab stages when strength is < 4/5______.

manual resistive exercise

Best used for when resistance needs to be varied__________.

manual resistive exercise

Advantages for mechanical resistive exercises:

most appropriate during intermediate and advanced phases of rehab when muscle strength is > 4/5; best for HEP

Refers to a system of isometric exercises in which resistance is applied, manually or mechanically, at multiple joint positions within the available ROM.

multiple angle isometrics

This approach is used when the goal of exercise is to improve strength throughout the ROM when joint motion is permissible(allowed) but dynamic resistance exercise is painful or inadvisable.

multiple angle isometrics

What exercises involve low-intensity isometric contractions performed against little to no resistance?

muscle-setting exercises

overload

must do more than the mm is used to (think: safety, dx, health, fxnl status, resistance vs. reps)

Disadvantages of manual resistive exercise:

not useful in HEP unless caregiver assistance is available; labor and time consuming for therapist

endurance

perform low-intensity, repetitive or sustained activity over a prolonged prd of time

Two common examples of muscle setting are of the ___________ and __________ muscles.

quadriceps; gluteal

Functional need for holding and stabilizing a muscle contraction

rationale

How is the order of recruitment for mm fibers?

slow to fast

specificity

specific adaptation to imposed demands (SAID) (think: type, speed, jt position, fxn, etc.)

This form of isometric exercise is used to develop a submaximal but sustained level of co-contraction to improve postural stability and dynamic stability of a joint.

stabilization exercises

early childhood

strengthening should be well-supervised, very low weights or body weight alone

Epimysium

surrounds individual mm

power

work produced by a mm per unit of time

What are some factors that influence fatigue?

-health, diet, lifestyle -Past medical history -consider patterns related to diseases and meds -consider environment, temp, altitude

young/middle adulthood

-peak strength: women 20's; men 30's, then declines ~8%/decade until 50 - rate of decline is slower in active individuals -increased potential to improve mm performance w/resistive trng program is very high

puberty

-rapid growth of mm fiber size and mm mass, especially boys -resistance trng yields significant strength gains

late adulthood

-rate of strength decline 15-20% per decade until 70's, then up to 30% per decade -significant slower if elderly maintain a high level of activity -treatment appropriate resistance programs cause increase in strength and endurance, slows the decreases in fxnl ability

concentric contractions accelerate body parts, eccentric decelerate

...

Strength can be measured by which of the following 5 methods?

1. MMT 2. Cable tensiometry 3. Dynamometry 4. Isotonic 1RM(Repetition Maximum) 5. Isokinetics

Causes joint movement and excursion of a body segment

Dynamic: concentric/eccentric

Type of active-resistive exercise in which resistance is applied through the use of equipment __________.

Mechanical resistive exercise