Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Phonology is the study of which of the following?

-Phonemes -The smallest units of speech

Of the following, which describes the purposes of concepts?

-concepts allow us to associate experiences and objects -concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular experience. -concepts aid memory -concepts allows us to generalize

Which of the following are sources of bias in intelligence testing?

-culture -ethnicity -socioeconomic status

Which of the following are steps in problem solving?

-evaluate solutions -develop good problem-solving strategies -rethink and redefine problems over time -find and frame problems

Which of the following are effects of language on cognition?

-helps us make inferences -facilitates us in solving problems -assists us in tackling difficult decisions

Which of the following are symptoms of cultural-familial intellectual disability?

-highly sensitive to others' expectations of them -IQ between 55 and 70 -No evidence of organic brain damage

Which of the following are a part of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(the WAIS)?

-vocabulary -jigsaw puzzle completion -working memory capacity

_____________ is the term for meaningless speech like sounds uttered by infants.

Babble

Open-mindedness is which of the following?

Being receptive to the possibility of other ways of looking at things.

_______________ reasoning is reasoning from the general to the specific.

Deductive

_________________ _____________ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome.

Hindsight bias

Being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities is known as which of the following?

Mindfulness

_______________ are the smallest units of language that have meaning.

Morphemes

Sarah sees an older lady who is wearing glasses and has her hair styled in a bun. Sarah guesses that the lady is her school's librarian because she fits Sarah's librarian stereotype, even though there are way more teachers than librarians at her school. What has Sarah fallen prey to?

Representativeness heuristic

Charles _________________ proposed that intelligence captures a common general ability that is reflected in performance on various cognitive tests.

Spearman

What is practical intelligence?

The ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into action.

Interpersonal intelligence is defined as the ability to _________.

Understand and interact effectively with others

Which of the following is an example of divergent thinking?

Using a brick as a doorstop

What does the prototype model of concepts emphasize?

When people evaluate whether an item reflects a concept, they compare the item with the most typical item in that category.

the ability to judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast is known as ________________ intelligence.

analytical

The _________________ heuristic is a shortcut in which the probability of something is judged based on how easily one can recall similar events.

availability

______________-_____________ intelligence reflects the ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept.

bodily-kinesthetic

Thinking, language, memory, and reasoning are all part of ________________ psychology.

cognitive

When it comes to categorizing new information, our brains use several techniques; for example, the mental category that is used to group objects and events is called a(n) ________________.

concept

_______________ are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics

concepts

The tendency to focus only on information that supports your opinion is called the ________________ bias.

confirmation

You ignore or forget all information that is inconsistent with your point of view. In doing so, you display _____________ bias

confirmation

Maggie is always coming up with different ideas and unique ways to solve problems. Because of her divergent type of thinking, many people call her ________________.

creative

______________ is the ability to generate unique ideas and novel solutions.

creativity

Individuals with intellectual disabilities who have no evidence of organic brain damage or genetic disorders are diagnosed with ____________.

cultural-familial intellectual disability

Evaluating alternatives and making choices among these alternatives is known as ___________ __________.

decision making

The effect of ______________ on intelligence is known as the Flynn effect.

environment

You have just received a package from home but don't have a knife handy, so you don't know how to open it. Your roommate quickly offers you her house key to use to cut open the box. You have demonstrated ______________ fixedness, whereas your roommate has not.

functional

Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences is known as _____________.

intelligence

According to Gardner's theory, ______________ intelligence is the ability to understand and relate well to others.

interpersonal

According to Gardner's theory, __________________ intelligence is the ability to understand and relate well to others.

interpersonal

_________________ intelligence is the ability to understand oneself.

intrapersonal

Many experts believe that biological evolution that occurred long before _____________ emerged shaped humans into linguistic individuals.

language

_____________________ is a communication system that follows rules of syntax and grammar.

language

Scientists, engineers, and accountants are people who are likely to have a high level of _____________ intelligence.

mathematical

____________ is a language's rules for word formation.

morphology

A farmer, botanist, ecologist, or landscaper is someone who is likely to have ______________ intelligence.

naturalist

The ________________ model of concepts emphasizes that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept, they compare the item with the most typical items in that category and look for a "family resemblance."

prototype

The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions is known as ______________. This activity is involved in problem solving and decision making.

reasoning

In decades past, the behaviorist psychologists claimed that language learning occurred via reward, which was also called ________________.

reinforcement

On Monday when you asked your friend if you should dump the person you're dating, she said yes. Now on Wednesday, she says no. Since you asked her twice and got two different answers, in terms of validity and reliability, her advice is not _____________.

reliable

The ability to think three-dimensionally is known as ___________ intelligence.

spatial

A test (such as an IQ test) that accurately measures what it is intended to measure is highly ______________.

valid

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, _____________ intelligence is the ability to think in words and use language to express meaning.

verbal

Which of the following are associated with bilingual adults and chilren?

-Higher performance on cognitive control tasks -The capacity to shift frames of reference efficiently

Which of the following traits of intellectually gifted people?

- Superior talent in a particular area - Socially well-adjusted - IQ of 130 or above - Academically advanced