TOELF 03

Spec

abbreviation) short for specification From CPUs to RAM to optical storage, we'll break down the jargon--and tell you which specs are most important to your purchase.

Uniformity

noun) a particular style or other feature that identifies somebody or something as a member of a certain group The tiny seeds of this tree are well known for their uniformity and consistent weight.

Millennium

noun) a period of 1,000 years Indeed, fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident has turned up in ice cores, as has dust from violent desert storms countless millennia ago.

Slump

noun) a period of poor or losing play by a team or individual Derek Jeter and Alfonso Soriano continued their slumps at the top of the order, going a combined 0 for 8.

Regiment

noun) a permanent unit of an army, typically divided into several smaller units and often into two battalions; a large number of people or things William Tecumseh Sherman, division commander, was quoted saying to reporters, "Take your regiment to Ohio. No enemy is nearer than Corinth."

Statesman

noun) a person actively involved in the principles or art of government In addition to being a great statesman, Thomas Jefferson is also known for his scientific works and inventions.

Kin

noun) a person connected to another person by blood There is a clear pattern of lineage endogamy generated by marriages between sons and daughters of brothers and other agnatic kin, accounting for approximately a quarter of all marriages.

Intruder

noun) a person who goes into a building with a criminal intent The rattle is the most distinguishing feature of the snake and is a horny section at the end of the tail, which serves to scare off intruders.

Preliminary

adjective) Avian (bird) mortality is being studied currently to determine if industrial wind turbine farms contribute to the demise of large birds of prey such as golden and bald eagles. Preliminary results indicate that avian mortality is specific to the site (if it's on a flyway), not the turbines in general.

Lineage

adjective) a group of people sharing common ancestry The advantage of lineage endogamy in Turkey is the imposition of a bride price lower than those in contracts involving more distant social bonds.

Patron

adjective) a person chosen, named, or honored as a special guardian, protector, or supporter Some authorities believe the Romans named the month for Juno, the patron goddess of marriage.

Limbo

adjective) a place or state of neglect or oblivion; an intermediate or transitional place or state; a state of uncertainty Finding a community of people who understand what you're going through is an essential component of getting through what Case calls limbo land.

Rectangular

adjective) a plane figure with four straight sides and four right angles, and with unequal adjacent sides Betsy Johnson lives in a humble three bedroom rectangular shaped house.

Perch

adjective) a resting place or vantage point; a roost for a bird When feeding in a field, crows usually post a sentinel on a lofty perch to sound a warning if any danger should approach.

Mnemonic

adjective) a technique or system of improving the memory by the use of certain formulas Develop mnemonic devices for material which needs to be memorized. Mobilize (verb) to assemble, prepare, or put into operation, as for war or a similar emergency Although increasingly portrayed as the pre-eminent black spokesperson, King did not mobilize mass protest activity during the first five years after the Montgomery boycott ended.

Invincible

adjective) incapable of being conquered, overrun, or subjugated Juan Gil obtained Cervantes's freedom in 1580 in exchange for 500 ducats. Once back in Spain, he became a tax collector for the Invincible Armada.

Rigid

adjective) incapable of changing or being modified Intense heat changes the nature of clay so that it becomes stony and rigid.

Inclusive

adjective) including everything; comprehensive A family is the basic unit in society having as its nucleus two or more adults living together and cooperating in the care and rearing of their own or adopted children. Despite this all-inclusive definition, a lesbian or gay couple- with or without children-is not the image conjured up when most people create a picture of a family.

Persistent

adjective) insistently continuous; of long duration After persistent rumors of a deep underground lake somewhere in a cave in East Tennessee, a large body of water now named the Lost Sea was discovered in 1905.

Recycled

adjective) into reusable material; use again To save paper, one should consider buying books made only with recycled paper.

Rudimentary

adjective) involving or limited to basic principles To show why the chimpanzees signaling system is not homologous to human language, Zachary says that chimpanzees require massive regimented teaching sequences contrived by humans to acquire quite rudimentary abilities.

Wobbly

adjective) lacking stability Home buying has jumped as borrowing costs plummet, providing support to a wobbly economy.

Majestic

adjective) large and impressive in size, scope, or extent A majestic movie theater built in Hollywood fifty years ago has finally been torn down.

Wandering

adjective) leading the life of a person or animal without a fixed home; moving from place to place To survive the ice ages, man learned to anticipate and to adapt to the habits of animals, including their wandering migrations.

Retard

adjective) less advanced in mental, physical, or social development than is usual for one's age Binet was commissioned by the government in France to make recommendations about how to educate retarded children.

Probable

adjective) likely to happen or to be true; based on probability or presumption The Ontario report found a probable link between firefighting and cancer even though the evidence was inconsistent.

Tentative

adjective) likely to have many later changes before it becomes final and complete Today, we believe science is testable, explanatory, and tentative.

Internal

adjective) located farther in, or within something Another benefit of exercising is that it increases bone mass. It is important to keep healthy and strong bones because they provide movement and protect our internal organs.

Watery

adjective) lower than normal in strength or concentration due to a mixture Once all the "good stuff" is removed from the small intestine, our gut passes the indigestible watery gruel that is left to the colon.

Tailored

adjective) made to individual specifications Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, writing for the majority, rejected the arguments made by the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush that affirmative action policies should be voided, noting that the U.S. Constitution "does not prohibit the law school's narrowly tailored use of race in admissions."

Ultrafast

adjective) marked by an extremely high rate of speed A hydroelectric dam is built in mountainous land, where the water will have a steep drop that will build up pressure to keep the turbines turning ultrafast.

Ultra cold

adjective) marked by an extremely low temperature To reduce the number of other effects that could create similar signals, physicists shield the detector and keep it ultra cold.

Sizzling

adjective) marked by much heat In July, the Sahara Desert is characterized by sizzling days and sultry nights.

Sober

adjective) marked by sedate or gravely or earnestly thoughtful character or demeanor It is almost certain that Earth will one day be hit by an asteroid large enough to exterminate a large percentage of our planet's life.

Strenuous

adjective) marked by vigorous physical exertion; requiring great effort As an individual gets older, he starts to lose his ability to perform strenuous activities such as running or swimming.

Primitive

adjective) of or pertaining to early stages in the evolution of human culture In primitive times, there were no televisions, radios, or microwaves.

Novelistic

adjective) of or pertaining to new and unusual; being the first of its kind Los trabajos is the best evidence not only of the survival of Greek novelistic themes but also of the survival of forms and ideas of the Spanish novel of the second Renaissance.

Orbit

adjective) of or relating to a course, process, or journey that ends where it began or repeats itself 19th century astronomers made very careful observations of Mercury's orbital parameters but could not adequately explain those using Newtonian mechanics.

Supernatural

adjective) of or relating to an order of existence beyond the visible observable universe; especially of or relating to God or a god, demigod, spirit, or devil But in spite of their supernatural powers, many gods, goddesses, and heroes of mythology have human characteristics.

Nuptial

adjective) of or relating to marriage or the marriage ceremony; characteristic of or occurring in the breeding season Winged males and female carpenter ants engage in a nuptial flight in late spring and early summer.

Oratorical

adjective) of or relating to the art of public speaking As the boycott continued during 1956, King gained national prominence as a result of his exceptional oratorical skills and personal courage.

Neolithic

adjective) of or relating to the latest period of the Stone Age characterized by polished stone implements; belonging to an earlier age and now outmoded Once considered a "Neolithic backwater" by archaeologists, Papua New Guinea is emerging as one of the handful of places on Earth where agricultural practices developed independently from other cultures.

Marine

adjective) of or relating to the seas or oceans Seals move more efficiently in a marine environment.

Inflammatory

adjective) tending to cause an instance of irritating, as of a part of the body It is amazing that even individuals who suffer from inflammatory bowel disease are often unaware of how their digestive system really works.

Reminiscent of

adjective) tending to remind one of something; absorbed in memories Going fishing by the lake last week was reminiscent of the times when I went fishing as a child.

Symbiotic

adjective) the intimate living together of two dissimilar organisms in a mutually beneficial relationship; a cooperative relationship Giraffes have a symbiotic relationship with tickbirds. These small birds ride on the giraffe's back, eating pesky insects off of its skin. In return for food, the birds serve as an early warning signal, alerting giraffes to any approaching predators with a loud chirp.

Luminescent

adjective) the natural emission of light by an insect or animal Most of the squid on which whales prey are luminescent.

Score

musical) an arrangement of music for a specific performance medium In 1971, she wrote the original screenplay and musical score for the film Georgia, Georgia, and was both author and executive producer of a five-part television miniseries "Three Way Choice."

Textbook example

noun phrase) one by which others are compared; a standard of comparison Hawaii's volcanoes have, therefore, become the textbook example of non-explosive volcanism, and the term "Hawaiian type" is used to refer to such eruptions.

Splotch

noun) a blend of the word spot and blotch; a small area visibly different (as in color, finish, or material) from the surrounding area Prior to joining the Smithsonian, Langley had spent many years documenting the cyclic appearance of dark splotches on the sun now referred to as sunspots and had traveled across the world to observe total solar eclipses.

Mythology

noun) a body of traditional beliefs and notions accumulated about a particular subject In Roman mythology, Mercury is the god of commerce, travel and thievery, the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes, the messenger of the Gods.

Manual

noun) a book of instructions A manual on how to repair a slipping transmission has been sent to auto repair shops all over the country.

Principle

noun) a broad and basic rule or truth The best philosophy I can convey about how to avoid problems is the principle of the three red flags, which states that most accidents are not the result of an unavoidable "karmic-cannonball," but rather are the predictable outcome of a series of related events.

Power plant

noun) a building or complex in which electricity is produced Atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides from coal and oil burning power plants, cars, and other fossil fuel burning sources have climbed along with the world population, with as yet unknown effects on the climate system.

Windmill

noun) a building with a set of wind driven revolving sails or blades attached to the site of its roof that drive a grinding machine inside In more modern times in the United States, windmills were erected as the West was developed during the late 19th century.

Receptor

noun) a cell or group of cells that receive stimuli; sense organ Although the vibration receptor on the spider's leg seems most sensitive to frequencies above 1,000 hertz, previous research had indicated that vibrations induced by trapped prey never exceeded that frequency.

Pomp

noun) a ceremonial or festival display as a train of followers or a pageant The four-day visit, aimed at patching up differences between the two countries over issues such as the Iraq war, will be laden with state events and royal pomp such as Tuesday evening's state banquet in Putin's honor.

Insecticide

noun) a chemical agent which kills insects Melathion is an insecticide used to exterminate insects such as fruit flies and mosquitoes.

Stepchild

noun) a child of one's wife or husband by a former marriage Remote sensing, a stepchild of the space age, is prying out many of Earth's innermost secrets.

Intrigue

noun) a secret plan to achieve an evil or illegal end In 1768 he composed his first opera, La Finta Semplice, for Vienna, but intrigues prevented its performance, and it was first presented a year later at Salzburg.

Outpost

noun) a security detachment thrown out by a main body of troops to protect it from enemy surprise; an outlying or frontier settlement In addition to its African possessions, Carthage held a number of outposts on the Spanish mainland.

Self-esteem

noun) a sense of one's own dignity or worth Face refers to the respect that an individual has for him or herself, and maintaining "self-esteem" in public or in private situations.

Routine

noun) a sequence of actions regularly followed; a fixed unvarying program This is important in sports such as track and field and football, as well as routine activities such as lifting groceries or moving furniture.

Scenario

noun) a sequence of events especially when imagined; especially: an account or synopsis of a possible course of action or events NASA is likely to launch its first space shuttle since the Columbia tragedy in the first three months of next year that scenario would mean a one year stand down after the Feb. 1 Columbia crash, compared to a nearly three year wait following the 1986 Challenger accident.

Liaison

noun) a sexual relationship prohibited by law He had one daughter, Isabel, from his liaison with Ana de Villafranca.

Preface

noun) a short section of preliminary remarks Renaissance books established the convention of the preface that is found in most books of today.

Volume

noun) a single book that belongs to a set of books Among her volumes of poetry are A Brave and Startling Truth (Random House, 1995), The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou (1994), Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now (1993), Now Sheba Sings the Song (1987), I Shall Not Be Moved (1990), and Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Die (1971), which was nominated for the Pulitzer prize.

Risk

noun) a situation involving exposure to danger Another group doesn't want to risk repercussions while perhaps another group just doesn't care one way or the other.

Speck

noun) a small discoloration or spot especially from stain or decay; a very small amount The other, a composite of four wide angle images, shows the moon as a speck just as it sets below the Martian horizon.

Remnants

noun) a small remaining quantity; a piece of cloth left when the greater part has been used or sold; a surviving trace Deep into the jungles of Guatemala are the remnants of a civilization which existed more than 1,000 years ago.

Smattering

noun) a small scattered number or amount Even though only a smattering of digital programming is currently available, digital televisions will eventually become the norm, as surely as color replaced black and white.

Pebble

noun) a small smooth stone worn by the action of water The 3 mile wide comet will not be destroyed or knocked from its orbit. It's like if you throw a pebble at a moving car. You're not going to knock the car off course, unless you frighten the driver.

Pamphlet

noun) a small unbound booklet or leaflet A pamphlet entitled A Dissertation on the Canon and the Feudal Law and town instructions denouncing the Stamp Act (1765) marked him as a vigorous, patriotic penman, and, holding various local offices, he soon became a leader among Massachusetts radicals.

Post

noun) an office or position to which a person is appointed He steadily advanced at the UN, holding posts in budget, personnel, and refugee affairs.

Procedure

noun) an official or prescribed course of action; a method used in dealing with something For those unfamiliar with the term, cold reading is the description of the personality, characteristics, and features, past experiences and sometimes the future of a person without the use of standard psychological or other formal diagnostic procedures.

Plume

noun) an open and mobile column of smoke, exhaust gases, or blowing snow Great plumes of smoke were seen in the horizon.

Recitation

noun) musical declamation of the kind usual in the narrative and dialogue parts of opera and oratorio The program included songs and recitations of well-loved poems.

Pastorate

noun) office in which a priest or minister is in charge of a church or a congregation Rejecting offers for academic positions, King decided while completing his Ph. D. requirements to return to the South and accepted the pastorate of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.

Ingredient

noun) one of the individual entities contributing to a whole Avalanches are formed by a combination of three things that together are known as the "Avalanche Triangle." These three ingredients may be present in one location but absent 10 feet away. The three legs of the triangle are snowpack, terrain, and weather.

Subdivisions

noun) one of the parts into which something is divided Another way of identifying the thesis is to ask, "What is the unifying principle of this essay"? Or "What idea does everything in this essay talk about"? Or "Under what single main statement could all the subdivisions fit"?

Portion

noun) one of the parts into which something is divided In 1848, the Virginia portion of land donated as part of the District of Columbia was returned to that state.

Prey

noun) one that is made to suffer injury, loss, or death Venom is then injected into the prey by an opening near the tip of the fang.

Specimen

noun) one that is representative of a group or class The live Western Diamondback rattlesnake on display in this aquarium is a perfect specimen for us to examine in today's biology class.

Outflow

noun) the act of being in a state of motion, as air moving away from something The strength of the rain cooled outflow from the mountain storms is critical to downstream mesoscale convective system development.

Swallowing

noun) the act of causing food to pass from the mouth into the stomach Our larynxes are low in our throats, and our vocal tracts have a sharp right angle bend that creates two independently modifiable resonant cavities which is physiological design to making breathing, swallowing, and chewing less efficient.

Scrutiny

noun) the act of examining carefully Despite this fact, the mission had to pass scrutiny from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for violations of the space agency's "planetary protection" rules.

Institution

noun) the act of founding or establishing On the other hand, there are those who decry marriage as a sexist and patriarchal institution that should be avoided at all costs.

Ornament

noun) the act of furnishing with decorations Even department stores in some non-Christian countries are decorated with ornaments during the Christmas season.

Procurement

noun) the act of getting possession of: obtaining by particular care and effort Most organ procurement organizations offer programs that forward letters from organ recipients to the families of organ donors.

Starvation

noun) the act of going for an extended period of time without food Anorexia nervosa is a pattern of self starvation and is most common among well educated girls who experience a lot of pressure to be thin.

Titter

noun) the act of laughing in a nervous, affected, or partly suppressed manner The aim of this site is to help you avoid low grades, lost employment opportunities, lost business, and titters of amusement at the way you write or speak.

Transplantation

noun) the act of moving something from one place into another The transplantation of a pig heart into a human body revolutionized modern surgical medicine.

Induction

noun) the act of process of formally admitting a person to membership or office The induction of Roger Staubach, a quarterback for Dallas Cowboys football franchise, into the Hall of Fame was well-deserved.

Posturing

noun) the act of representing oneself in a given character or as other than what one is Political posturing is quite common in presidential elections.

Merry-making

noun) the act of showing happy satisfaction in an event; joyful, exuberant activity Meanwhile, at the Union camp at Shiloh, the Federal troops spent a day drilling and merry-making. Hundreds went for a swim in Owl Creek. Others rested.

Withdrawal

noun) the act of taking money from a bank account, or the amount of money taken out That a withdrawal of $35,000 was made after his wife's murder is evidence that the suspect is a flight risk.

Intervention

noun) the act or instance of intruding in other people's affairs With appropriate intervention, many of the associated behaviors can be positively changed, even to the point in some cases, that the child or adult may appear to the untrained person to no longer have autism.

Sanitation

noun) the act or process of being readily kept in cleanliness Nearly three-fifths of the 4.8 billion people in developing countries lack basic sanitation, almost a third have no access to clean water, a quarter lack adequate housing, and a fifth lack access to modern health services.

Inauguration

noun) the act or process of formally admitting a person to membership or office Angelou wrote and delivered a poem, "On The Pulse of the Morning," at the inauguration for President Bill Clinton at his request.

Meditation

noun) the act or process of thinking Don Quixote is an Aristotelian meditation on the nature of literature and the role of the writer in society.

Speculation

noun) the act or process of thinking, reasoning, or theorizing Many speculations exist about the origin and composition of dark matter.

Interchange

noun) the act, process, or an instance of putting each of (two things) in the place of the other Although many food plants had traveled halfway around the globe by 1492, not one food crop had crossed the Atlantic Ocean. That is why 1492 is such a crucial date in the history of the world's food supply: Columbus' voyages initiated the interchange of plants between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, which in effect doubled the food crop resources available to peoples on both sides of the Atlantic.

Integration

noun) the act, process, or result of abolishing racial segregation The integration of African Americans into White only schools during the early 1960's caused widespread protests among segregationists in the South.

Respiration

noun) the action of breathing; a single breath Warm ups prepare your body for the exercise ahead by increasing heart rate and respiration, and thus supplying energy (heat, oxygen) to the cells.

Iteration

noun) the action or a process of iterating or repeating; the repetition of a sequence of computer instructions a specified number of times or until a condition is met Big Brother Africa is actually the third iteration of the program; the first two featured South African contestants only and the winners were both white men.

Repetition

noun) the action or an instance of repeating or being repeated; a thing that repeats another This would be a weight lifter performing multiple repetitions of a light weight.

Rotation

noun) the action or process of rotating The Moon's axis of rotation is nearly perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the Sun, so the Sun always appears at or near the horizon in the polar regions of the Moon.

Range

noun) the area of variation between limits on a particular scale: the car's outside my price range Flexibility is the ability to move joints freely through their full range of motion.

Sensation

noun) the capacity for or an act of responding to a stimulus Cognitive Psychology is concerned with mental processes and their effects on human behavior and focuses on phenomena such as: sensation, perception, motor control, attention, memory, learning, language, reasoning, problem solving, and decision making.

Perception

noun) the condition of being aware; that which exists in the mind as the product of careful mental activity The cognition and perception program represents a very diverse group of faculty and students with research interests in all areas of cognitive science, including sensation, perception, motor performance, attention, memory, learning, and decision making.

Soundness

noun) the condition of being free from defects or flaws To cure means to restore to health, soundness, or normality.

Mortality

noun) the condition of being mortal; especially the nature of man, as having the nature to die Of 14 studies on the mortality of firefighters, 11 found excess risk for brain cancer.

Supremacy

noun) the condition or fact of being dominant After Admiral Nelson won a victory at Trafalgar, Spain in 1805, England established a naval supremacy that would last for 100 hundred years.

Mainstream

noun) the prevailing trend, fashion, etc. Following Thriller, Quincy Jones worked on fewer mainstream dance projects outside of Michael Jackson's Bad.

Mutation

noun) the process or result of making or becoming different Driven by dizzying mutations in medical costs, program directors and staff ponder the disruptive dynamism of these new reforms. Muzzle (noun) a device, as of straps, fastened over the mouth of an animal to prevent its biting or eating Dogs should wear muzzles when they are certain to have contact with other dogs and children.

Magnitude

noun) the quality of being enormous No could have predicted beforehand the magnitude of the earthquake which was to occur in Alaska.

Resonance

noun) the quality of being resonant; physics: the reinforcement or prolongation of sound by reflection or synchronous vibration It is now known that Mercury rotates three times in two of its years. Mercury is the only body in the solar system known to have an orbital/rotational resonance with a ratio other than 1:1.

Verity

noun) the quality of being true or real More than simply a renowned Mississippi writer, the Nobel Prize winning novelist and short story writer is acclaimed throughout the world as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century, one who transformed his "postage stamp" of native soil into an apocryphal setting in which he explored, articulated, and challenged "the old verities and truths of the heart."

Isolation

noun) the quality of state of being alone A person who engages in criminal behavior can be differentiated by the quality or quantity of his learning through associations with those who define criminal activity favorable and the relative isolation from lawful social norms.

Instability

noun) the quality or condition of being erratic and undependable They are very dangerous life-threatening disorders which usually intensify emotional instability.

Prevalence

noun) the quality or condition of being usual Its prevalence rate makes autism one of the most common developmental disabilities.

Magnanimity

noun) the quality or state of being generous Always known for his magnanimity, John Fenson left his family with a sizeable inheritance after his death.

Project

verb) a rough or tentative calculation The costs of advances in modern medical technology and services have been projected to be between $1.5 to $2.3 trillion dollars.

Span

verb) a specific length of time characterized by the occurrence of certain conditions or events His career spans nearly all types of popular music from jazz to rock to dance and all genres between.

Sanctioned by

verb) adhering to beliefs or practices approved by authority or tradition Many same-sex couples participate in their own ceremonies, sanctioned by their friends, families and spiritual communities.

Infringe

verb) an act in defiance of another person's rights In 1761, John Adams began to think and write and act against British measures that he believed infringed on colonial liberties and the right of Massachusetts and the other colonies to self government.

Mandate

verb) an authoritative indication to be obeyed On December 5, 1955, five days after Montgomery civil rights activist Rosa Parks refused to obey the city's rules mandating segregation on buses, black residents launched a bus boycott and elected King as president of the newly formed Montgomery Improvement Association.

Migrate

verb) an object which travels from one place to a new place; to leave one's native land and to settle in another The lunar surface is bombarded with water rich objects such as comets, and scientists have suspected that some of the water in these objects could migrate to permanently dark areas at the lunar poles, perhaps accumulating to useable quantities.

Realize

verb) become fully aware of as a fact; understand clearly Although they loved Vinland, they realized there would always be trouble living with the Indians.

Resume

verb) begin again or continue after a pause or interruption At that point the Sun would stop, briefly reverse course, and stop again before resuming its path toward the horizon and decreasing in apparent size.

Invoke

verb) bring about, cause Our giant impact hypothesis had the advantage of invoking a stochastic catastrophic event that might happen only to one or two planets out of nine.

Retain

verb) continue to have; keep possession of; absorb and continue to hold In-marriage also has the effect of retaining property within family lines, especially where women are allowed to inherit.

Regulatory

verb) control or maintain the rate or speed of a machine or process; control or supervise by means of rules and regulations Some alters create new alters as needed. Others perform a system regulatory function; they determine which alter will be in charge at a given time.

Revise

verb) examine and improve or amend text; reconsider and alter an opinion or judgment A brief description of the invention, planning and drafting, middle draft peer review, final draft, and revised final draft stages will be explained by various students whom I have asked to speak today.

Land

verb) gain, secure: land a job Mary Blake arrived in San Francisco and landed work as a singer at the Paradise Hotel, a gambling hall owned by Blackie Norton.

Retrieve

verb) get or bring back The long cylinders of ancient ice that they retrieve provide a dazzlingly detailed record of what was happening in the world over the past several ice ages.

Prior to

verb) going before; just gone by or elapsed No one else had gone to college prior to his entering Harvard.

Overly

verb) lying on or over Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.

Reform

verb) make changes in something in order to improve it; cause to abandon an immoral or criminal lifestyle In a short time, the reforms might well be a dynamic instability in the care and networking of patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Recede

verb) move back or farther away; gradually diminish Fortunately, after three days of Sunshine and no rain, the floods from the American River receded back into its banks.

Reverse

verb) move backwards; make something the opposite of what it was It would seem socially unacceptable if the phrases above were reversed.

Rotate

verb) move in a circle round an axis It is now known that Mercury rotates three times in two of its years.

Rush

verb) move or act with urgent haste; transport or produce with urgent haste In the mid-1870s, gold was discovered, and press reports brought a rush of prospectors.

Override

verb) occupying a more elevated or superior position; dominating The court emphasized that race cannot be the overriding factor, but a majority acknowledged a broad social value in encouraging all races to learn and work together.

Owe

verb) on account of; as a result of, through The scientific question is whether the chimps' abilities are homologous to human language-that is, whether the two systems show the same basic organization owing to descent from a single system in their common ancestor.

Substitute for

verb) one that takes the place of another; to give up in return for something else Although these maps are valuable for the general location of unstable areas, they can not be substituted for a careful on site investigation.

Stretching

verb) pull an object in different directions Increasing body heat also reduces the risk of muscular damage when stretching that can happen to 'cold' muscles.

Regenerate

verb) re-grow new tissue; bring new and more vigorous life to an area or institution But Davis and Trier have found that mesoscale convective vortexes play a key role in helping storms regenerate over two or more days.

Incarcerate

verb) relating to one who is imprisoned Because the U.S. prison population is overwhelmingly male, most incarcerated parents are fathers.

Recall

verb) remember; cause one to remember or think of; officially order to return They cannot recall having made withdrawals from their bank account signed for in a strange handwriting.

Revere

verb) respect or admire deeply He continued to be revered after his death from a fall while painting in 1682.

Rehabilitation

verb) restore to health or normal life by training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness Cardiac rehabilitation professionals find themselves increasingly drawn into discussions about healthcare reform, particularly when it relates to cost containment.

Reclaiming

verb) retrieve or recover; bring (waste land or land formerly under water) under cultivation Until we can discover an inexpensive system for reclaiming sea water, we must all work together to make sure there is fresh clean water for the next generations.

Recovered

verb) return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength Therapists believe that the appropriate therapy involves the recovery of childhood abuse memories, through recovered memory therapy re-integration of alters into the dominant personality.

Rescue

verb) save from a dangerous or distressing situation The easiest way to rescue you is to not get into trouble in the first place.

Resolve

verb) settle or find a solution to; decide firmly on a course of action After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States resolved to enter War.

Savage

verb) so intense as to cause extreme suffering During the early 1940's, Germany created many savage labor camps which were not liberated by the allies until 1945.

Precipitate

verb) something brought about by a cause In 1861_1862, Federal forces pushing southward from St. Louis captured Forts Henry and Donelson on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, which precipitated the Battle of Shiloh.

Refrain from

verb) stop oneself from doing something He refrained from hitting him back.

Underpin

verb) support, substantiate Laws forbidding homosexual sex, once universal, now are rare. Those on the books are rarely enforced but underpin other kinds of discrimination, lawyers for two Texas men had argued to the court.

Lynch

verb) the act of putting a person to death without a legal trial Ironically, the practice of lynching got its name from William Lynch, who was a law- abiding citizen.

Rustle

verb) to act or move with energy or speed; to forage food The big ears of a bat detect the returning echoes, as well as the sounds of prey, such as insects rustling in the leaves.

Stack up

verb) to add up; to measure up The trick to the principle of the three red flags is to recognize when these events are beginning to stack up and work against you.

Stimulate

verb) to arouse to action; to elicit a strong emotional response from Studies have proven that using one's vocal cords stimulates natural memory.

Raid

verb) to attack in order to steal, destroy, or conquer Crows sometimes raid the nests and eat the eggs and the young of smaller birds.

Unfold

verb) to be disclosed gradually The details of the double murder unfolded during the three month trial.

Outstrip

verb) to be greater or better than Even though the train is not the preferred method of transportation in the United States, in Europe it can compete with the airlines and cars, and in some cases even outstrip them, as the most popular way to travel from one country to another.

Surpass

verb) to be greater or better than; to go beyond the limits of The Grand Canyon, a long narrow gorge in Arizona, surpasses in its enormity and beauty any other geological wonder in the United States.

Loom

verb) to be imminent-about to occur at any moment, being or occurring in the time ahead At no time has this enormous growth of medical costs loomed larger as a social question than now.

Warrant

verb) to be proper or sufficient occasion for When conditions warranted, gold and silver miners arrived in California.

Stand with

verb) to be united with; to bring or come together into a united whole Sitting Bull and the Sioux realized they could not defeat the army alone, and they must stand with other tribes.

Subside

verb) to become less active or intense When large areas of the sea floor elevate or subside, a tsunami can be created.

Solder

verb) to become united or repaired by or as if by a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces; especially: an alloy of lead and tin so used Responsible for generating all images on your monitor, the graphics subsystem ships in PCs either as a removable expansion board or as a chip soldered permanently to the motherboard.

Lose touch

verb) to depart from reality; to not have regular contact with someone or something Most people have observed mild dissociative episodes in which they lose touch with their surroundings.

Wipe out

verb) to destroy completely: annihilate On the other hand, the general public in developing countries has a host of other problems than the possibility that a large bolides could wipe out mankind

Permeate

verb) to diffuse through or penetrate something Hot, humid weather permeated the East on Thursday, and many areas of the central United States received rain.

Pare

verb) to diminish or reduce by or as if by trimming off an outside, excess, or irregular part of something Under new CEO Paul Tellier, a proven cost cutter, Bombardier Inc., the parent company of Bombardier Aerospace, is paring down its operations to become nimbler and more focused on its core businesses, making trains and planes.

Peppered

verb) to direct a concentrated outpouring, as of missiles, words, or blows The military outpost was peppered with machine gun fire continuously for three hours.

Run

verb) to do in a formal manner or according to prescribed ritual: do Picking up on Safronov's general ideas, Hartmann and Davis ran calculations of the rate of growth of the 2nd-largest, 3rd largest, etc., bodies in the general vicinity of Earth, as the Earth itself was growing.

Rehearse

verb) to do or perform repeatedly so as to master The bride and the groom usually rehearse their wedding ceremony before the actual day of the wedding.

Mate

verb) to engage in sexual intercourse; to copulate After the black widow mates, she devours her partner.

Peg

verb) to establish the identification of Today's most sophisticated forecast models cannot peg mountain convection well enough to assess how it might trigger storm complexes downstream.

Wield

verb) to exert one's authority Yet he wielded political power virtually to the end, prevailing upon President Bush to appoint his 29 year old son, Strom Jr., as U.S. Attorney in South Carolina in 2001.

Vomit

verb) to expel the contents of the stomach through the mouth as a result of a series of involuntary spasms of the stomach muscles Bulimia nervosa, on the other hand, is when a person consumes large amounts of food, but then induces vomiting or diarrhea in an attempt to avoid weight gain.

Spread out

verb) to extend over a wide area The temperature will drop in the envelope as well, as the particles become so spread out that they no longer are colliding enough to create tremendous heat.

Squeeze

verb) to extract liquid by applying pressure When venom is squeezed out of the gland by muscles, it enters the fang through an opening at the upper end.

Thrive

verb) to fare well; to grow rapidly and luxuriantly Many businesses thrived while William Jefferson Clinton was President of the United States.

Overgraze

verb) to feed on growing herbage, attached algae, or phytoplankton to the point of damaging vegetation cover The problem is one of environmental degradation; the land is overgrazed and the kangaroos themselves suffer pretty badly once all the food is gone for them.

Pursue

verb) to follow another; to move behind another in the same direction His attempts to measure intelligence caught on and were pursued by others.

Impose

verb) to force another to accept a burden; to take advantage of unfairly A speaker may try not to directly impose by asking for a pen. Instead he would rather it be offered once the teacher realizes he needs one, and you are looking to find one.

Inject

verb) to force or shoot in, such as a liquid The venom of a rattlesnake is injected through fangs which fold back when the mouth is closed.

Propel

verb) to force to move or advance with or as if with blows or pressure After a person chews and swallows, the food is propelled down the ten inches of esophagus and into the stomach.

Inscribe

verb) to form letters, characters, or words on a surface with an instrument The words "We will always remember you." was inscribed onto his tombstone.

Reconstitute

verb) to form or make up again or anew U.S. officials emphasized this was not evidence Iraq had a nuclear weapon -- but it was evidence the Iraqis concealed plans to reconstitute their nuclear program as soon as the world was no longer looking.

Redeem

verb) to free from a lien by payment of an amount secured thereby; to remove the obligation of by payment By redeeming this debt early, we continue with our stated policy to further reduce the company's total debt position.

Sharpen

verb) to give a sharp edge to; to improve the intellect of someone A student who doubles his reading speed sharpens his mind, hence becoming more mentally efficient.

Shortchange

verb) to give less than the correct amount of change; to deprive of or give less than due Emotionally and physically depleted caregivers may shortchange their own needs, risking burnout, poor health and depression.

Revitalize

verb) to give new life or vigor to Natural flooding of rivers revitalizes the habitats of many plants and animals and enriches soils for planting.

Spawned

verb) to give rise to a particular development; to cause to come into existence A growing trend toward emphasis on neural aspects of various cognitive processes has spawned what is referred to as the Cognitive Neuropsychology track, with students studying jointly in cognitive and in clinical neuropsychology.

Initiate

verb) to go about the initial step in doing something He was concerned with the load fuel in his forest and decided to thin it out before initiating the burn.

Launch

verb) to go about the initial step of doing something Although several successful mining ventures were launched, much of the hype was bogus.

Originate

verb) to have as one's home, place, or origin Sulfates, which originate primarily in coal fired power plants, started rising around 1900.

Suppress

verb) to hold something in check If fires are always suppressed, dense underbrush soon becomes so abundant that a simple spark can start a fire within minutes.

Obligate

verb) to impose as a duty or moral obligation In different social situations, we are obligated to adjust our use of words to fit the occasion.

Interpolate

verb) to insert words into a book Part one of Cervantes's book interpolates peripheral episodes into the main plot.

Sue

verb) to institute or subject to legal proceedings Even if a murder suspect is found innocent of all charges in a criminal court, he or she may be sued in a civil court for a large sum of money.

Tamper

verb) to interfere so as to weaken or change for the worse--used with "with" Jackson and Cleveland pleaded guilty to tampering with evidence and agreed to testify.

Interfere

verb) to intervene without good judgment in the affairs of others His house was bombed, and he was convicted along with other boycott leaders on charges of conspiring to interfere with the bus company's operations.

Rule out

verb) to keep from being admitted, included, or considered Eventually, experimental tests by Army Majors William Gorgas and Walter Reed ruled out dirt and poor sanitation conditions as causes of Yellow Fever, and a mosquito was the suspected carrier.

Uphold

verb) to keep from yielding or failing during stress or difficulty The war had overthrown peace-time standards and ideals, and not even President Woodrow Wilson could uphold them.

Pinpoint

verb) to look for and discover; to establish the identification of In cores from Antarctica and Greenland, researchers have pinpointed the beginning of atomic bomb testing in the mid 1950s.

Survey

verb) to look over; to view broadly or from a height Before a person reads a book, he should survey the chapter, the title, headings, and subheadings, captions under pictures, charts, graphs or maps.

Opt

verb) to make a choice; especially : to decide in favor of something Home users who want an inexpensive system with decent graphics should opt for one of the older-generation NVidia GeForce3 cards.

Stumble

verb) to make an error Too many job seekers stumble through interviews as if the questions are coming out of left field.

Molest

verb) to make annoying sexual advances to; especially: to force physical and sexual contact A California man was charged with molesting his daughters almost 50 years ago.

Promote

verb) to make known the positive features of a product; to provide favorable publicity for While a psychologist openly shares psychological principles to promote treatment, psychics use psychology as a personal tool to manipulate the client, known as the sitter, presumably for the sitter's own good.

Set apart

verb) to make noticeable or different But every metro area that's set apart geographically — a Houston, a Denver, and a Burlington, Vermont qualifies as a city-state too.

Trek

verb) to make one's way arduously The students had been missing since Saturday, when they trekked into the woods after visiting the telescope.

Swell

verb) to make or become greater or larger The wind generated swell one sees at a California beach, for example, spawned by a storm out in the Pacific and rhythmically rolling in, one wave after another, might have a period of about 10 seconds and a wave length of 150 m.

Subdue

verb) to make or become less severe or extreme Intent on using the land for raising cattle and growing crops, early pioneers did not subdue nature's rawness.

Moderate

verb) to make or become less severe; to become less active or intense The union has hired someone to moderate the arguments between the faculty and the administration.

Personalize

verb) to make personal, which is characterized by a close and thorough acquaintance To personalize a business relationship can be effective in many cultures.

Unveil

verb) to make public In celebration of the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art's 15th anniversary on the National Mall, the museum unveiled a major interior redesign of its entrance pavilion on October 3.

Safeguard

verb) to make safe, to protect Putin's tough stand was seen by analysts as an attempt to protect Russian interests in Iraq -- Moscow wants to safeguard its multi-billion dollar debt payments and contracts signed with Baghdad in existence before the war.

Terrify

verb) to make somebody feel very frightened or alarmed They represent a terrifying and destructive force that kills more than two out of every five Americans.

Plug

verb) to make unsuitable for passage or progress by obstruction Acne starts when greasy secretions from the skin's sebaceous glands plug the tiny openings for hair follicles.

Outweigh

verb) to make up for the defects of The evolutionary selective advantages for language must have been very large to outweigh such a disadvantage.

Shrink

verb) to reduce in size by or as if by drawing together The neutron star continues to shrink until it finally becomes a black hole.

Pump

verb) to remove a liquid by a steady, gradual process Some cities are now pumping water which has lain in underground storage for more than 25,000 years.

Strip

verb) to remove clothing, covering, or surface matter from; to deprive of possessions But the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) says the new rules would strip overtime from millions of other middle-income jobholders.

Secured

verb) to render certain Adams helped draft the Declaration of Independence, secured its unanimous adoption in Congress, and wrote his wife on July 3, 1776, that "the most memorable Epoch in the History of America has begun."

Paralyze

verb) to render powerless or motionless by inflicting severe injury; to render helpless, as by emotion The hiker was paralyzed with fear after seeing the mountain lion face to face.

Trounce

verb) to render totally ineffective by decisive defeat The San Antonio Spurs trounced the Los Angeles Lakers in the playoffs.

Prowl

verb) to roam over in a predatory manner; to move about or wander stealthily in or as if in search of prey At sea, large ships with heavy gear prowl in search of fish.

Nag

verb) to scold or find fault constantly Nagging another person can cause resentment, ultimately resulting in a destroyed friendship.

Nominate

verb) to select someone for an office, a position, or an award Among her volumes of poetry are A Brave and Startling Truth (Random House, 1995), The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou (1994), Wouldn't Take Nothing for My Journey Now (1993), Now Sheba Sings the Song (1987), I Shall Not Be Moved (1990), Shaker, Why Don't You Sing? (1983), Oh Pray My Wings Are Gonna Fit Me Well (1975), and Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Die (1971), which was nominated for the Pulitzer prize.

Rent

verb) to separate one part of a substance or object from another: tear; often used with apart The colossal impact must have nearly rent the young Earth apart.

Rip

verb) to separate or pull apart by force To fully exterminate an ant colony, the must be located and treated—and in some cases, walls must be ripped open.

Mount

verb) to set on something that elevates Wheels mounted on a frame over a river were the first devices used to harness water power.

Trigger

verb) to set something off, bring something about, or make something happen Slab and other avalanches can be hard or soft, wet or dry and can be triggered naturally or artificially.

Shadow

verb) to shelter, especially from light Some scientists have speculated that the polar regions of the moon might have areas that are permanently shadowed, hence permanently cold.

Slip

verb) to shift or be shifted out of place Around the margins of the Pacific Ocean, for example, denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates in a process known as seduction.

Map out

verb) to show graphically the direction or location of, as by using coordinates At least thirteen acres of a large underground body of water known as the Lost Sea have been mapped out, and still divers have found no end to the lake.

Tilt

verb) to slant or cause something to slant Unstable areas may sometimes be identified by trees or telephone poles tilted at odd angles, or by curved tree trunks.

Mangle

verb) to spoil, injure, or make incoherent especially through ineptitude; characterized as being injured with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting, tearing, or crushing He saw a man's mangled body almost completely inside his car -- head on the floorboard, torso in the air and a severed leg on the center console.

Tackle

verb) to start work on vigorously After getting detailed instructions from their professor, the students went to the library to tackle their research project.

Selective

adjective) able to recognize small differences or draw fine distinctions Sir Francis Galton, a cousin of Charles Darwin, was interested in the measurement of intelligence because he wanted to increase it through selective breeding.

Impending

adjective) about to occur at any moment During the 19 th century, a few writers who faced impending financial ruin went on to write some of the greatest books of all time.

Theoretical

adjective) about, involving, or based on a belief used as the basis for action The causes of crime can be explained through several theoretical perspectives.

Reflexive

adjective) acting or happening without apparent forethought, prompting, or planning Because the dogs' salivation is reflexive, Pavlov decided to analyze how the dogs learned to associate the bell with being fed.

Ongoing

adjective) actually in process, continuing, progressing One should never trust a single information source-stability evaluation is an ongoing process.

Pungent

adjective) affecting the organs of taste or smell with a strong and often harsh sensation; so sharp as to cause mental pain In a pungent diary, vivid letters, learned tracts, and patriotic speeches he revealed himself as a quintessential Puritan, patriarch of an illustrious family, tough minded philosopher of the republic, sage, and sometimes a vain, stubborn, and vitriolic partisan.

Latter

adjective) after the first In two further Italian journeys, he wrote two more operas for Milan, Ascanio in Alba (1771) and Lucio Silla (1772). In 1772, Archbishop von Schrattenbach died, to be succeeded by Hieronymus von Colloredo. The latter, at first sympathetic to the Mozart, later became irritated by Wolfgang's prolonged absences and stubborn ways.

Spectacular

adjective) an impressive exhibition Their eruptions are typically characterized by the relatively quiet outflow of very fluid lava and by sometimes spectacular lava fountains.

Underlying

adjective) arising from or going to the root of the source Contrary to what is popularly believed, the underlying cause of the Civil War was the issue of state rights.

Initial

adjective) at or near the start of a period, development, or series There is a special critical initial strength such that the field cannot decide whether to evaporate away or collapse to form a black hole.

Perpendicular to

adjective) at right angles to the horizon or to level ground Since lift always occurs perpendicular to the surface of the wing, the lift acts at an angle and the plane turns accordingly.

Submerged

adjective) being beneath the surface or the bottom of a liquid The most distinguished feature of the Atlantic is the mid-ocean ridge, a gigantic submerged mountain range larger in area than the Alps and the Himalayas combined.

Psychotic

adjective) being insane or mad Many murderers are psychotic, and they have no remorse about killing their victims.

Municipal

adjective) belonging to a city Although aluminum is less than one percent of the nation's municipal solid waste stream, it remains one of the most valuable recyclable materials.

Profound

adjective) beyond the understanding of the average mind It is a complex story within the healthcare scheme of technological modernization that has one profound and simple reality: there will not be enough money to pay for the healthcare costs of this country.

Venerable

adjective) calling forth respect through age, character, and attainments; broadly: conveying an impression of aged goodness and benevolence; impressive by reason of age Like the steam engine, the internal-combustion engine has a long and venerable history.

Manageable

adjective) capable of being governed Because enrollment must be kept to a manageable level, early application at a university of your choice is recommended.

Navigable

adjective) capable of being passed, traversed, or crossed In the United States, there are few navigable rivers through which ocean-liners can travel.

Intelligible

adjective) capable of being readily understood Language is a form of speech distinctly different from others (otherwise, we call them dialects of each other), adding for good measure not, or only partially, intelligible to others without special study.

Tempting

adjective) causing craving or desire to arise It is tempting to think that if language evolved by gradual Darwinian natural selection, we must be able to find some precursor of it in our closest relatives, the chimpanzees.

Injurious

adjective) causing harm or injury In some cases, aggressive and/or self- injurious behavior may be present.

Makeshift

adjective) characterized as an usually crude and temporary substitute for something: resource "We want to make people aware that the captive-bred seahorse is a much better buy," said production manager Ken Maher, from the makeshift laboratory in Connemara, west Ireland.

Jaw-dropping

adjective) characterized as causing amazement or wonder He has been admiring the sleek TV displays for years, watching as prices decline from jaw-dropping levels.

Vaporized

adjective) characterized as converting (as by the application of heat or by spraying) into a substance in the gaseous state as distinguished from the liquid or solid state Treating these states of matter differently in the simulation could explain another peculiar aspect of the moon's composition: its dearth of easily vaporized "volatile" compounds such as water.

Tee totaling

adjective) characterized as having complete abstinence from alcoholic drinks "We trust state and local officials," Peters said, suggesting it doesn't make sense to promote pedestrian safety for South Dakota's wide-open spaces or drunken-driving programs in largely tee totaling Utah.

Prolific

adjective) characterized by great productivity Ebay, an Internet company allowing people to buy and sell products Online, is one of the most prolific businesses in recent history.

Volatile

adjective) characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected change The Consumer Price Index, the most widely used gauge of U.S. inflation, was unchanged last month, the Labor Department said. But the so called core CPI, which strips out volatile food and energy prices, climbed 0.3 percent after two consecutive flat readings.

Serendipitous

adjective) characterized by the faculty of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for Until modern methods of oil prospecting were put into place, most oil strikes were serendipitous.

Precise

adjective) clearly, fully, and sometimes emphatically expressed To maintain flexibility, stretching must be performed at least everyday (every 36 hours to be precise).

Sympathetic

adjective) cognizant of and comprehending the needs, problems, and views of others The latter, at first sympathetic to the Mozart's, later became irritated by Wolfgang's prolonged absences and stubborn ways.

Intricate

adjective) complexly detailed; difficult to understand due to intricacy The entire small intestine is lined with intricate sets of muscles, which are never at complete rest.

Relative

adjective) considered in relation or in proportion to something else; existing or possessing a characteristic only in comparison to something else The precise composition, and relative proportions of that dust and gas, holds clues to the materials and physical conditions present in the frigid outer regions of the solar system where comets are formed.

Steadier

adjective) consistently reliable, especially in the face of external pressures There has been a steadier increase in crime in the inner cities this year than that of previous years.

Metallic

adjective) consisting or characteristic of metal; having the sheen or luster of metals To make the appearance of his automobile more attractive, the owner had his car painted a metallic green.

Integral

adjective) constituting or forming part of the essence of something The years of 1979 and 1980 were integral in defining mainstream R&B dance music of the early 1980's.

Intensive

adjective) covering all aspects with painstaking accuracy At Harvard and in six further years of intensive reading while he taught school and studied law in Worcester and Boston, he mastered the technicalities of his profession and the literature and learning of his day.

Signature

adjective) describing a tune, musical number, or sound effect or in television a characteristic used to identify a program, entertainer, or orchestra The film widely regarded as Wood Allen's best, with Diane Keaton's signature role, "Annie Hall," plays at 7:30 p.m. at the Academy of Motion Pictures and Sciences.

Specialized

adjective) designed or fitted to one particular purpose or occupation One should look for an entry level job, gain experience through internships, and watch for opportunities of specialized training or advanced education.

Ravenous

adjective) desiring or craving food Ladybugs, those polka-doted little beetles, have a ravenous appetite for aphids and other insects, which is why they can be used in place of insecticides in the citrus industry of California.

Oblong

adjective) deviating from a square, circular, or spherical form by elongation in one dimension The Earth was distorted into an oblong shape before it gravitationally rebounded

Vacuous

adjective) devoid of serious occupation : idle; marked by lack of ideas or intelligence: stupid Even if, in the end, all they collectively learn is that a household of African twenty something's can be as self-obsessed, vacuous and obnoxious as reality-television contestants in other parts of the world.

Unruly

adjective) difficult to control, manage, discipline, or govern Children with autism are not unruly kids who choose not to behave.

Mystical

adjective) difficult to explain or understand Coconut trees possess the mystical ability to conjure up a tropical paradise atmosphere wherever they may be found.

Tactile

adjective) discernible by touch The octopus has two separate areas for storage in its brain: one for visual memories, the other for tactile memories.

Ubiquitous

adjective) ever present in all places The Coconut Palm, considered to some as the Tree of Life, is a ubiquitous species to the Pacific Islands.

Vain

adjective) excessively proud, especially of your appearance In a pungent diary, vivid letters, learned tracts, and patriotic speeches he revealed himself as a quintessential Puritan, patriarch of an illustrious family, tough minded philosopher of the republic, sage, and sometimes a vain, stubborn, and vitriolic partisan.

Precocious

adjective) exhibiting mature qualities at an unusually early age A recent study in Norway suggests that wild salmon lose out to sexually precocious fish-farm invaders when breeding in rivers.

Subliminal

adjective) existing or functioning outside the area of conscious awareness In 1957, a controversy developed in the United States over subliminal stimuli in which a movie theater over a period of six weeks flashed messages for 1/3,000 of a second:"Hungry? Eat popcorn!" A sixty percent increase in the sale of popcorn was reported.

Widespread

adjective) existing or happening in many places, or affecting many people Earlier studies of firefighter mortality that did not identify brain cancer as a cause of death were done before the widespread introduction of plastics in the 1950s.

Sophisticated

adjective) experienced in the ways of the world; lacking natural simplicity Even today's most sophisticated forecast models cannot peg mountain convection well enough to assess how it might trigger storm complexes downstream.

Inevitable

adjective) incapable of being avoided or evaded Age took its inevitable toll on Thurmond as he neared retirement, and he was guided through the Capitol in a wheelchair.

Objective

adjective) expressing or dealing with facts or conditions as perceived without distortion by personal feelings, prejudices, or interpretations Researcher Lu Wang, of the University of Minnesota, and colleagues say previous studies have shown that the fatty acid composition of the blood provides an objective estimate of the dietary intake of saturated fat for weeks to months before the sample is taken.

Lofty

adjective) extending to a great height When feeding in a field, crows usually post a sentinel on a lofty perch to sound a warning if any danger should approach.

Remarkable

adjective) extraordinary or striking. Leopold was a successful composer and violinist and assistant concertmaster at the Salzburg court, whose archbishop, Sigismund von Schrattenbach, encouraged the activities of Leopold and his remarkable children.

Intense

adjective) extreme in degree, strength, or effect Intense winter storms, high rainfall amounts, and steep terrain areas are all conducive to land sliding.

Tremendous

adjective) extremely large, powerful, or great The fusion process released tremendous amounts of heat and light which could then combat the compressing force of gravity; eventually, the two forces reached equilibrium.

Vigorous

adjective) extremely strong and active, physically and mentally A pamphlet entitled A Dissertation on the Canon and the Feudal Law and town instructions denouncing the Stamp Act (1765) marked him as a vigorous, patriotic penman, and, holding various local offices, he soon became a leader among Massachusetts radicals.

Legendary

adjective) famous, remarkable Professor Jones's History exams are legendary for failing students.

Remote

adjective) far away in space or time; situated far from the main centers of population Death Valley, one of the remotest areas in California, boasts summertime temperatures which are among some of the hottest in the world.

Inconsistent

adjective) following no predictable pattern The Ontario report found a probable link between firefighting and cancer even though the evidence was inconsistent.

Subsequent

adjective) following something else in time His continued skepticism, however, shaped his subsequent theological studies at Crosier Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, and at Boston University, where he received a doctorate in systematic theology in 1955.

Mild

adjective) free from extremes in temperature; free from severity or violence, as in movement Most people have observed mild dissociative episodes in which they lose touch with their surroundings. Examples include daydreaming, highway hypnosis, or losing oneself in a movie or book.

Semi aquatic

adjective) frequently but not living completely in water As penguins adapted to marine life, their wings changed to flippers and their feathers to a waterproof covering, hence suiting the birds to a semi aquatic existence.

Theatrical

adjective) full of exaggerated or false emotion Starting with the Retablo de Maese, Pedro Cervantes, demonstrates a mastery of theatrical illusion which, absent from part one, becomes another narrative function in part two.

Vibrant

adjective) full of or characterized by a lively, emphatic, eager quality Having a vibrant personality, Gus Sanderson is liked by everyone he knows at work.

Replete

adjective) fully or abundantly provided or filled Gateway threw in a near library of primers for mastering the ins and outs of video editing. One, replete with colorful illustrations, shows you how to capture, create, and share movies.

Persnickety

adjective) fussy about small details: fastidious Some common complaints about usage strike me as too persnickety, but I'm just discussing mistakes in English that happen to bother me.

Verdant

adjective) green with growing plants Locusts prefer warm, damp, verdant places in which they settle, feed, and reproduce.

Rough

adjective) having an uneven or irregular surface, not smooth or level; approximate While these data are at best rough estimates, there is one certainty we spent only a tiny percentage of the $800 billion on prevention.

Lean

adjective) having little flesh or fat on the body Body Composition is the comparable amounts of fat and lean body tissue found in the body.

Slender

adjective) having little flesh or fat on the body Running five miles day helps to create a slender body.

Unprecedented

adjective) having no earlier parallel or equivalent Collectively, these frozen archives give scientists unprecedented views of global climate over the eons.

Undulating

adjective) having or causing to have a curved or sinuous form or surface Sounds waves like other types of frequencies are often transmitted in an undulating manner.

Prone

adjective) having or showing a tendency or likelihood More areas in the world were prone to drought than those in the past.

Sugary

adjective) having or suggesting the taste of sugar The digestive system changes the large carbohydrates in mashed potatoes into sugary glucose.

Sexist

adjective) having prejudice or discrimination, especially against women, on the grounds of sex On the other hand, there are those who decry marriage as a sexist and patriarchal institution that should be avoided at all costs.

Suicidal

adjective) having the tendency to take one's own life voluntarily and intentionally People with Multiple Personality Disorder may experience any of the following: depression, mood swings, suicidal tendencies, and sleep disorders.

Multiethnic

adjective) having to do with people in a society or community of many different nationalities The sociological perspective is crucial for working in today's multiethnic and multinational business environment.

Upward

adjective) in, to, or toward a higher place, level, or position The eyes are staring upward and the lips are parted.

Sweeping

adjective) marked by wholesale and indiscriminate inclusion: extensive In a victory for President Bush, both houses of Congress approved sweeping Medicare legislation early Friday to give seniors a prescription drug benefit while creating a broad new role for private insurance in the government run program.

Wanton

adjective) merciless, inhumane There are reports that several hundred innocent civilians have been killed in fighting in and around Monrovia and of wanton destruction of property and widespread looting.

Instrumental

adjective) most important, influential, or significant In World War II, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping speed the recovery of wounds that did not become infected.

Principal

adjective) most important, influential, or significant William Faulkner's principal residence during the next several months was near Paris, France, just around the corner from the Luxembourg Gardens, where he spent much of his time; his written description of the gardens would later be revised for the closing of his novel Sanctuary.

Newfound

adjective) newly found She mentions inner growth, a new sense of self and self-respect, a heightened sense of priorities, and a newfound independence as she assumed the bulk of responsibilities and decision making.

Unsustainable

adjective) not capable of giving support or relief to Misuse or depletion of the Earth's treasures to meet those needs, for example unsustainable logging, poor farming practices, and overfishing, threatens human life and health around the world.

Rigorous

adjective) not deviating from correctness, accuracy, or completeness The standards of validity for experimental research are so rigorous that it may take a researcher several years to get his results published in a scholarly journal.

Scarce

adjective) not enough to meet a demand or requirement Recently, wind power has become an appealing alternative to fossil based fuels, especially in countries with scarce petroleum and ample wind.

Inedible

adjective) not fit to be eaten When humans learned to make fire, they had the means to cook plants which had previously been inedible.

Optional

adjective) not imposed on one by authority It is learned that the writing process has a minimum of four stages and that there is an optional fifth stage of writing.

Unflattering

adjective) not pleasingly suited to the wearer Sweaters with stripes are unflattering to the wearer because they can make her look fatter than she actually is.

Secular

adjective) not religious in subject matter, form, or use Mozart composed a large number of sacred and secular works.

Inconceivable

adjective) not to be believed; difficult to imagine or fathom It is inconceivable that Hitler and his regime were responsible for the deaths of more than six million Jews.

Naked

adjective) not wearing any clothes; without the aid of a microscope or telescope If the inclusions are not visible to the naked eye, a higher clarity does not really improve the appearance of a diamond but rather the rarity and price.

Veiled

adjective) obscured as if by a veil: disguised At the time, the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Organization for Women opposed a guardian for the fetus, calling such a proposed move a veiled attempt by the governor to eliminate the possibility of an abortion.

Instant

adjective) occurring immediately The Brothers Johnson were an instant success releasing such hits as Strawberry Letter 23 and the celebratory dance hit, Stomp.

Pale

adjective) of a moderately white color; lacking color Due to the intense ultraviolet rays of the sun, the paint on the car oxidized, causing it to change to a pale yellow.

Vast

adjective) of extraordinary size and power The ocean is believed to be a vast storehouse of natural resources, the exploitation of which depends on three factors: knowledge of geology, advances in technology, and the legal protection for investments of national governments or private industry.

Longstanding

adjective) of long duration There has been a longstanding tradition to divide early history into periods according to the hard materials such as stone, cooper, bronze, and iron, from which cutting tools and weapons were made.

Prolonged

adjective) of long duration; extending tediously beyond a standard duration In 1772, Archbishop von Schrattenbach died, to be succeeded by Hieronymus von Colloredo. The latter, at first sympathetic to the Mozart's, later became irritated by Wolfgang's prolonged absences and stubborn ways.

Peripheral

adjective) of minor importance; marginal Cervantes's book was read as a parody of novels of chivalry until the Romantics revealed its true importance as a novel. Part one interpolates peripheral episodes into the main plot.

Interdisciplinary

adjective) of or between more than one branch of learning Cognition and perception graduate students may easily elect to pursue programs of study with an interdisciplinary breadth. For example, a student with strong interests in aging may participate extensively in the developmental area and the Institute of Gerontology; one attracted to problems in social cognition might work with members of the social psychology program at the Institute for Social Research; and an individual who wished to model problem solving behavior may study with artificial intelligence specialists in the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department.

Natal

adjective) of or connected with one's birth Both villages show a similar level of in-marriage among women currently resident within the village, 67% for Sakaltutan and 63% for Elbasi, indicating an approximate ratio of two women marrying and resident within their natal village for every one who marries out.

Nocturnal

adjective) of or occurring the night Many rattlesnakes are nocturnal, but they can also be seen during the daytime.

Thermonuclear

adjective) of or relating to the transformations in the nucleus of atoms of low atomic weight as hydrogen that require a very high temperature for their inception as in the hydrogen bomb or in the sun Fusion produces the energy of the sun and other stars and the explosive force of thermonuclear weapons.

Lateral

adjective) of, at, toward, or from the side or sides If done properly, the taping of the lateral ligament will immobilize the knee structure to prevent further injury.

Supersonic

adjective) of, being, or relating to speeds from one to five times the speed of sound in air The idea of a supersonic passenger plane gained momentum in the 1950s, after Chuck Yeager's 1947 blast through the sound barrier.

Theological

adjective) of, or relating to the study of God and his relation to the world His continued skepticism, however, shaped his subsequent theological studies at Crosier Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, and at Boston University, where he received a doctorate in systematic theology in 1955.

Optical

adjective) of, relating to, or being objects that emit light in the visible range of frequencies In 1936, Einstein calculated that an observer on Earth, given the correct line of sight, might see multiple images of a single, distant object—a cosmic optical illusion, so to speak.

White-collar

adjective) of, relating to, or constituting the class of salaried employees whose duties do not call for the wearing of work clothes or protective clothing More white-collar workers would lose eligibility due to new language that redefines what qualifies as professional, executive and administrative work.

Stifling

adjective) oppressive due to a lack of fresh air Due to noxious smog, there is a stifling heat in the Inland Empire during the summer.

Upturn

adjective) overturned completely; to turn or cause to turn from a vertical or horizontal position Due to the massive wind-driven waves, the ship was upturned, hence causing all on board the ship to drown.

Splendid

adjective) particularly excellent When he returned to Salzburg he was given the position of court organist (1779) and produced a splendid series of church works, including the famous Coronation Mass.

Innate

adjective) possessed at birth; of or arising from the most basic structure of an individual. It has been documented repeatedly that learners achieve better results depending on the age at which they begin to learn a second language. I believe that there is an innate age-related factor.

Keen

adjective) possessing or displaying perceptions of great accuracy and sensitivity; mentally quick A student who writes and rewrites a writing assignment over several weeks has a keen understanding of the processes involved.

Showcasing

adjective) presenting, especially attractively, to the general attention of someone Denver, showcasing its snowcapped Rocky Mountains and lush vegetation, is one of the most beautiful cities for this time of the year.

Menstrual

adjective) process of ovulation and menstruation in female primates An anorexic girl weighs at least 15 percent less than her ideal weight, has an extreme fear of gaining weight, and has missed at least three consecutive menstrual periods.

Vivid

adjective) producing strong and distinct mental images

Outreach

adjective) reaching out or extending The Center for Earth and Planetary Studies (CEPS) is the scientific research unit within the Collections and Research Department of the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution. CEPS performs original research and outreach activities on topics covering planetary science, terrestrial geophysics, and the remote sensing of environmental change.

Shoaling

adjective) referring to an area of shallow water Consequently, as the tsunami's speed diminishes as it travels into shallower water, its height grows. Because of this shoaling effect, a tsunami, imperceptible at sea, may grow to be several meters or more in height near the coast.

Sacred

adjective) regarded with particular reverence or respect In 1772, von Colloredo retained Wolfgang as concertmaster at a token salary. In this capacity Mozart composed a large number of sacred and secular works.

Latchkey

adjective) relating to a young child of working parents who must spend part of the day unsupervised as at home Nearly 10.6 million children were being raised by full time stay at home moms last year, up 13 percent in a little less than a decade. Experts credit the economic boom, the cultural influence of America's growing Hispanic population and the entry into parenthood of a generation of latchkey kids.

Torrential

adjective) relating to large amounts of liquids such as water or lava Sometimes a slow moving sequence of mesoscale convective systems will extend over several days, causing torrential rains over a large area.

Upholstered

adjective) relating to materials such as fabric, padding, and springs used to make a soft covering especially of a seat A cross between fast-food and restaurant dining, the family restaurant, characterized by its soft lights, upholstered booths, and food prepared to order, is the fastest growing phenomenon in the food service industry today.

Rural

adjective) relating to or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town Marriage patterns in rural Turkey are noticeably influenced by endogamous preferences within both villages and kinship groups.

Prescribed

adjective) relating to setting forth expressly and authoritatively Not only have national parks been thinking about this option, private land owners have been debating prescribed burning as well.

Societal

adjective) relating to society Over the past 30 years, same-sex couples have sought societal recognition of their families.

Patriarchal

adjective) relating to system of society or government ruled by men Some decry marriage as a sexist and patriarchal institution that should be avoided at all costs.

Neurological

adjective) relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain, autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals.

Osmotic

adjective) relating to the diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane typically separating a solvent and a solution that tends to equalize their concentrations Since saltwater fishes have blood with a lower concentration of salts than the surrounding seawater, osmotic pressure tends to force water out of the body fluids and to raise the internal salt concentration.

Sociological

adjective) relating to the systematic study of the development, structure, interaction, and collective behavior of organized groups of human beings Sociological research influences the way we think about work and organizational life, and enables us to discover new knowledge.

Revenue

adjective) relating to the total income produced by a given source Resellers intent on building a steady revenue stream continue to fill backrooms with assembly tools, components and test gear to turn out house-branded computer equipment.

Leathery

adjective) resembling or having the appearance of animal skins dressed for use such as for wallets, clothes, shoes, etc. The wings of pterosaurs, which were somewhat similar to the wings of bats, were made of thin, leathery skin stretched across slender bones.

Unanimous

adjective) shared as a view by all of the people concerned, with nobody disagreeing Adams helped draft the Declaration of Independence, secured its unanimous adoption in Congress, and wrote his wife on July 3, 1776, that "the most memorable Epoch in the History of America has begun."

Partisan

adjective) showing an inclination for or against something that inhibits impartial judgment Divisive and partisan politics is quite common among governmental offices in many countries.

Static

adjective) showing little change The political atmosphere of this country is far from being static.

Newfangled

adjective) showing marked departure from previous practice The economics theories of today are merely a newfangled form of former theories first posed in the 1960's.

Varied

adjective) showing or characterized by many different forms or kinds She said that it can be found over varied country, embracing the mountains up to altitudes of 8000 ft, the seacoasts levels, inland plains, desert areas.

Painstaking

adjective) showing or marked by attentiveness to all aspects or details Paying painstaking attention to detail, French artist Lucien Rudaux was the first to combine his artistic talents with his knowledge of astronomy.

Meticulous

adjective) showing or marked by attentiveness to all aspects or details Professor Brown, known for meticulous attention to detail, gives exams consisting of more than 250 questions.

Ultraviolet

adjective) situated beyond the visible spectrum at its violet end used of radiation having a wavelength shorter than wavelengths of visible light and longer than those of X rays Some air pollutants have reduced the capacity of the atmosphere to filter out the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Medial

adjective) situated in the middle; at, near, or being the center The anterior cruciate ligament, located in the medial part of the knee structure, helps to stabilize the knee when a person is in an upright position.

Infrared

adjective) situated outside the visible spectrum at its red end -- used of radiation having a wavelength between about 700 nanometers and 1 millimeter The key is the ability of remote-sensing devices to "see" energy in wavelengths not visible to the human eye, for example infrared bands.

Obnoxious

adjective) so objectionable as to bring out a feeling of extreme dislike People with obnoxious personalities have difficulty in finding long-lasting friendships

Suffocating

adjective) so powerful as to stop the breathing of In 1912, Garret Morgan invented what is now called a gas mask; the then called "Safety Hood and Smoke Protector" contained enough air to allow someone to stay in a room full of suffocating gases and smoke from fifteen to twenty minutes.

Phenomenal

adjective) so remarkable as to elicit disbelief Few in the music world were prepared for the phenomenal success in 1983 of Michael Jackson's Thriller produced by Quincy Jones.

Subtle

adjective) so slight as to be difficult to notice or appreciate The subtle differences indicating the onset of a flu or cold may be difficult to distinguish.

Imperceptible

adjective) so small as to be undiscernible Because of this shoaling effect, a tsunami, imperceptible at sea, may grow to be several meters or more in height near the coast.

Over-the-counter

adjective) sold lawfully without prescription The names of all medicines you are currently taking, including both over-the-counter and prescription medication as well as any dietary supplements. It is important for your doctor to know this information in order to prescribe the medicine that will be the most helpful.

Therapists

adjective) somebody trained to treat disease, disorders, or injuries, especially somebody who uses methods other than drugs and surgery According to therapists who specialize in Multiple Personality Disorder, the host (the victim/survivor's basic personality) is not necessarily aware of the existence of these alters.

Upright

adjective) standing vertically or straight upward According to legend, St Francis was observed standing upright in his tomb after his death. Zurbaran attempted to capture the fact that it is a corpse by painting a somewhat frightening face.

Literal

adjective) taking words in their basic sense without metaphor or allegory Dr. Martin Luther King resented religious emotionalism and questioned literal interpretations of scripture; he nevertheless greatly admired black social gospel proponents such as his father who saw the church as a instrument for improving the lives of African Americans.

Stepped-up

adjective) to become greater in number, amount, or intensity Scientists have identified a spike representing fallout from stepped-up atmospheric testing that took place just prior to the 1963 Test Ban Treaty, which allowed for underground tests only.

Protruding

adjective) to curve outward past the normal or usual limit An anorexic person has protruding ribs and resembles a skeleton, yet usually denies being thin.

Preconceived

adjective) to form an opinion prior to actual knowledge or experience The Battle of Shiloh would change all preconceived notions that the Civil War would be short lived.

Sustaining

adjective) to keep in a condition of good repair, efficiency, or use An abundant supply of water on the Moon would make establishment of a self sustaining lunar colony much more feasible and less expensive than presently thought.

Laden

adjective) to load, to pile on, as burden or freight For the next topic of our lecture today, the cost analysis of a proper prescribed burn and the cost of battling a blaze in the load fuel laden forests needs to be considered to see which method is more economically feasible given the tight budgetary constraints with which the government has to operate.

Outdated

adjective) to make or become no longer in use; of a style or method formerly in style Several outdated theories about the cause of autism have been proven to be false.

Rate-slashing

adjective) to reduce sharply The Fed started its rate-slashing campaign in 2001, and by January 2002, the average interest rate on credit cards had fallen by more than 2 percentage points. But then they began a steady creep upward.

Sprawling

adjective) to spread or grow outward The rising costs of housing in Los Angeles have caused a sprawling metropolis of interconnected cities in the inland areas of Southern California.

Short-haul

adjective) transporting or carrying someone or something over a relatively short distance Due to the popularity of trains in European cities, airlines are halting or reducing short-haul service and focusing more on the longer runs.

Wary

adjective) trying attentively to avoid danger, risk, or error People wary of aggressive drivers make good defensive drivers who are less likely to have an accident.

Raw

adjective) uncooked; in its natural state, not processed The chlorophyll captures the light energy and uses this energy to build carbohydrates from simple raw materials (water, carbon dioxide and minerals).

Phony

adjective) unreal, fake, pretend Multiple Personality Disorder was being thrown into disrepute by many people giving phony demonstrations of alter switching during television talk shows.

Intact

adjective) untouched, especially by anything that harms or diminishes: entire or complete The first American steam engine was not made in America at all, but imported intact from England.

Temperate

adjective) used to describe a climate that has a range of temperatures within moderate limits Situated close to the Pacific Ocean, San Diego has a temperate climate with temperatures ranging from 60 - 75 degrees F.

Pivotal

adjective) vitally important, crucial The difference is that these kids were already playing a pivotal role in the shaping of that culture, being the first generation to grow up with a Life on the Internet.

Literary

adjective) well-informed about literature In January 1925, Faulkner moved to New Orleans and fell in with a literary crowd which included Sherwood Anderson (author of Winesburg, Ohio) and centered around The Double Dealer, a literary magazine whose credits include the first published works of Hart Crane, Ernest Hemingway, Robert Penn Warren, and Edmund Wilson.

Prominent

adjective) widely known and esteemed Thompson and Allen are respectively touted as prominent west coast and east coast movie producers.

Pervasive

adjective) widespread; occurring quite often Over one half million people in the U.S. today have autism or some form of pervasive developmental disorder.

Severely

adjective) with a gloomy, harsh manner or appearance The hot weather in Palm Springs had severely tired the bicyclists.

Infinite

adjective) without beginning or end Instead it oscillates increasingly rapidly, performing an infinite number of oscillations in a finite time.

Undistinguished

adjective) without definite or distinctive characteristics Having undistinguished progeny, Abraham Lincoln was born of humble beginnings

Wholesale

adjective) without discrimination; having no particular pattern, purpose, organization, or structure The wholesale evolutionary restructuring of some reptiles over a period of thousand of years equipped the new animals to escape their predators and to find food more easily.

Plausible

adjective) worthy of being believed Believing that he had a plausible alibi the day his wife was murdered, investigators let the suspect go home with no charges being filed.

Vaguely

adv) in a way that is not detailed or exact We find relationships that are vaguely reminiscent of the way biologists can group species into families, and these in turn into the larger classes, phyla, and so on.

Virtually

adv) near to in quantity or amount Except for dietary fibers (nuts, husks, bran, celery strings and such), our gut disassembles virtually everything we eat into smaller components that our body can use.

Sharply

adverb) Chimpanzees require massive regimented teaching sequences contrived by humans to acquire quite rudimentary abilities. These contrasts sharply with human children, who pick up thousands of words spontaneously, combine them in structured sequences where every word has a determinate role.

Presumably

adverb) according to a tentative assumption While a psychologist openly shares psychological principles to promote treatment, psychics use psychology as a personal tool to manipulate the client, known as the sitter, presumably for the sitter's own good.

Merely

adverb) and nothing else or nothing more Bats' wings are modifications of the hands of the common mammalian ancestor; flying squirrels' wings are modifications of its rib cage. The two structures are merely analogous: similar in function.

Speedily

adverb) at a high rate of speed Anxious to finish since it was the last day of class; the students speedily completed the exam.

Searing

adverb) at a manner of having damage by or as if by fire As a large group of Keota's warriors traveling with their families passed the crater of Kilauea Volcano, there was a sudden explosive eruption of searing hot ash and gas.

Vertically

adverb) at a right angle to the horizon or to level ground Tsunamis can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.

Incidentally

adverb) by chance Incidentally, these 6,000 languages are not just a huge jumbled collection, but most of them are related to other languages.

Startlingly

adverb) causing momentary fright, surprise, or astonishment The aftermath of the battle, with thousands of dead soldiers spread along the landscape, reflected a startlingly realistic picture of the horrors of war.

Incessantly

adverb) continuing or following without interruption In spite of how mad it is, even though the global catch of most species is no longer growing, the size and number of fishing boats, lines, nets, pots and traps continues to expand incessantly.

Overwhelmingly

adverb) convincingly so as to have little doubt The evidence seems to overwhelmingly state that there is indeed a critical period by which learning must commence in order to afford the learner the chance to achieve native like capabilities.

Regardless of

adverb) despite the prevailing circumstances For example, some argue that regardless of any individual's desire to get married, the community as a whole should support official recognition of their right to do so.

Primarily

adverb) for the greater or larger part; mostly Sulfates, which originate primarily in coal fired power plants, started rising around 1900.

Inversely

adverb) in an inverted order or manner, as when one quantity is greater or less according as another is less or greater In the Pacific Ocean, where the typical water depth is about 4000 m, a tsunami travels at about 200 m/s, or over 700 km/hr. Because the rate at which a wave loses its energy is inversely related to its wave length, tsunamis not only propagate at high speeds, they can also travel great, transoceanic distances with limited energy losses.

Intermittently

adverb) in an irregular and unpredictable manner; at irregular intervals To the east of the Armargosa Range is the Armargosa Desert, striated by the wide washes of the Armargosa River which intermittently flows south from Beatty, Nevada, through Death Valley Junction, curving to the west and then north to enter Death Valley below Jubilee Pass.

Inwardly

adverb) in the mind or heart; privately; secretly She inwardly keeps her feelings from the rest of her family.

Skyward

adverb) moving toward the sky; going in an upward direction After the countdown, the space shuttle explosively launched itself skyward and ultimately reached speeds of 25,000 miles per hours while in orbit.

Promisingly

adverb) of, or relating to indicative of future success Mozart's career in Vienna began promisingly, and he was soon commissioned to write The Abduction from the Seraglio (1782).

Statistically

adverb) of, or relating to, or employing the principles of statistics Possible causative agents for brain cancer in firefighters include vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile and formaldehyde. Studies show an elevated (but so far not statistically significant) risk of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers for most firefighters.

Spontaneously

adverb) on impulse without a prior plan This contrasts sharply with human children, who pick up thousands of words spontaneously.

Increasingly

adverb) progressively; more and more Because to compete in the emerging global economy, city-states have no choice: they must mobilize all their skills to protect their center cities, grow smarter, protect their air and water, achieve more social equity, and train their workforce to excel in an increasingly competitive world marketplace.

Quantitatively

adverb) relating to or involving the measurement of quantity or amount It is difficult to quantitatively

Respectively

adverb) separately or individually and in the order already mentioned Authors Jones and Dewey are respectively touted as prominent west coast and east coast psychics.

Movingly

adverb) so as a general arousing or stirring of the emotions or feelings Talking movingly to her father upon departure, Karen told him that she would return in two years.

Interminably

adverb) so as to be endless or tediously long While in France, he would sometimes go to the café that James Joyce would frequent, but the interminably shy Faulkner never mustered the nerve to speak to him.

Insistently

adverb) so as to compel immediate action or attention Why the short story is the most popular form of literature today may be a reflection of the modern way of living that insistently demands that all current fiction be short.

Outwardly

adverb) toward or on the outside; in regard to external appearance or action Some people with mental disorders have a tendency toward self-persecution, self- sabotage, and even violence (both self-inflicted and outwardly directed).

Slightly

adverb) with little significance; moderately Temperature variations on Mercury are the most extreme in the solar system ranging from 90 K to 700 K. The temperature on Venus is slightly hotter but very stable.

Readily

adverb) without hesitation, willingly; without difficulty, easily The developments in the music of Rhythm and Blues of the mid to late 1980's are readily apparent, especially the pervasive influence of hip-hop.

Inspection

noun) a close of systematic study; the act of examining carefully According to World Power Technologies' owner manual, monthly maintenance consists of visual inspections of the mechanical condition of the turbine, inspecting the tower, and testing the brake. Annual maintenance consists of battery inspections and an up close inspection of the turbine.

Tangle

noun) a complicated situation or problem That way we avoid all those political tangles that have nothing to do with degrees of difference between languages.

Quartet

noun) a composition of four performers; any group of four The great piano concertos and the string quartets dedicated to his "dear friend" Josef Haydn were also composed during this period.

Woe

noun) a condition of deep suffering from misfortune, affliction, or grief An economist at Fannie Mae, the top source of U.S. housing finance, said accounting woes at the second largest such financing source, Freddie Mac, had little impact on mortgage lending over the last week.

Insurgency

noun) a condition of revolt against a government that is less than an organized revolution and that is not recognized as belligerency The search for the missing troops went on amid a rash of confrontations between Iraqis and U.S. personnel -- one U.S. military official has called it a "classic phase of insurgency."

Spectrum

noun) a continuous range or sequence She continues to produce a wide spectrum of music and is truly a musical treasure.

Thoroughfare

noun) a course affording passage from one place to another Situated close to busy thoroughfares, McDonald's make its profits on high volume and quick turnover.

Voyage

noun) a course or period of traveling by other than land routes Henry sent out more than 50 expeditions but went on none of these voyages himself.

Lament

noun) a crying out in grief; complaint In a world where there is a common lament that there are no more heroes, too often cynicism and despair are perceived as evidence of the death of moral courage.

Sabotage

noun) a deliberate and underhanded effort to defeat or do harm to an endeavor To sabotage his friend's grades, John's roommate accused him of cheating on a Philosophy exam.

Malice

noun) a desire to harm others or to see others suffer The way the argument played out proved that the customer had convincingly showed malice toward the worker.

Valve

noun) a device controlling the flow of liquid through a pipe "Lefty loosey" and "righty tighty" is a saying which helps one to remember how to turn a valve on or off.

Trait

noun) a distinctive element A unique trait to the Sperm Whale is that it can dive down deep into the ocean for long periods of time.

Margin

noun) a fairly narrow line or space forming a boundary If your method of recitation included note taking in the left hand margins of your notebook, write questions for the notes you have taken.

Parody

noun) a false, mocking, or disrespectful imitation of something Many writers make a distinction between poetic truth and historical truth and attempt, through the use of parody, to set their boundaries.

Precursor

noun) a forerunner; one that proceeds and indicates the approach of another If language evolved by gradual Darwinian natural selection, we must be able to find some precursor of it in our closest relatives, the chimpanzees.

Treaty

noun) a formal contract or agreement negotiated between countries or other political entities They have also identified spike representing fallout from stepped up atmospheric testing that took place just prior to the 1963 Test Ban Treaty, which allowed for underground tests only.

Trend

noun) a general tendency, movement, or direction A growing trend toward emphasis on neural aspects of various cognitive processes has spawned what is referred to as the Cognitive Neuropsychology track, with students studying jointly in cognitive and in clinical neuropsychology.

Regime

noun) a government in power He said the European Union would extend its ban on visits by Myanmar officials, warning that further pressure would follow "unless the regime moves rapidly to restore civilian rule and democracy."

Subsidy

noun) a grant by a government to a private person or company to assist an enterprise deemed advantageous to the public The rivalry involves two of the best-run companies in the hemisphere, yet each side protests that the other doesn't play fair because it relies on taxpayer subsidies.

Tableau

noun) a graphic description or representation A small introductory gallery shows 18th- and 19 th -century electrostatic apparatus, including a globe machine probably designed by Benjamin Franklin, several leyden jars for storing electric charges, and a twin-plate generator of about 1800 in an active tableau of a parlor game called the electric kiss.

Toll

noun) a grievous or ruinous price-especially: cost in life or health By that time, she said, age and an assassination attempt had taken its toll on the man who once proclaimed, ''Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.''

Progeny

noun) a group consisting of those descended directly from the same parents or ancestors John Adams's marriage of 54 years to this wise, learned, strong willed, passionate, and patriotic woman began the brilliant phase of Adams family history that produced their son John Quincy, his son Charles Francis, his sons Henry and Brooks, and numerous other distinguished progeny.

Retinue

noun) a group of advisers or assistants accompanying an important person In 1569 he went to Italy as part of Cardenal Acquaviva's retinue and after signing up as a soldier in 1570 fought in the battle of Lepanto aboard the galley Marquesa.

Tribe

noun) a group of people sharing a common ancestry Sitting Bull and the Sioux realized they could not defeat the army alone, and they must stand with other tribes.

Rivet

noun) a headed pin or bolt used for uniting two or more pieces by passing the shank through a hole in each piece and then beating or pressing down the other end to make a second head Second only to iron and steel, aluminum is used in the construction of lawn chairs, baseball bats, air and space vehicles, and even the rivets that hold them together.

Murkiness

noun) a heavy dimness or obscurity caused by or like that caused by overhanging fog or smoke; the act of being darkly vague or obscure But the idea of securing a "critical mass" of underrepresented students, which the court endorsed, may create more murkiness about limits of race-based school policies, critics say.

Spark

noun) a hot glowing particle struck from a larger mass If fires are always suppressed, dense underbrush soon becomes so abundant that a simple spark can start a fire within minutes.

Pilgrimage

noun) a journey to a shrine or sacred place Dr. Martin Luther King emphasized the goal of black voting rights when he spoke at the Lincoln Memorial during the 1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom.

Skepticism

noun) a lack of conviction or certainty His continued skepticism, however, shaped his subsequent theological studies at Crosier Theological Seminary in Chester, Pennsylvania, and at Boston University, where he received a doctorate in systematic theology in 1955.

Inability

noun) a lack of physical, mental, financial, or legal power to perform Due to his inability to read fluently, I recommend that he retake his English Literature class.

Metropolis

noun) a large and important town The world's lead city-states are its greatest metropolises - New York, Tokyo, Paris, Hong Kong, Los Angeles and their global "command and control" competitors, spread from Chicago to Singapore.

Prairie

noun) a large area of level or rolling land in the Mississippi River valley that has deep fertile soil, a cover of tall coarse grasses, and few trees The Midwestern part of the United States is characterized by vast prairies, rich agricultural farmland, and intense thunderstorms.

Reservoir

noun) a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply; a place where fluid collects, especially in rock strata or in the body The water builds up behind the dam and spreads out to form an artificial lake or reservoir.

Threshold

noun) a level, point, or value above which something is true or will take place and below which it is not or will not Supporters and opponents alike agree the income threshold needs to be raised.

Pipeline

noun) a line of pipe with pumps, valves, and control devices for conveying liquids, gases, or solids Diamonds were formed under extreme heat and pressure at our Earth's core. They traveled to the surface through volcanic pipelines known as kimberlitic during the Earth's formation.

Tsunami

noun) a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor Tsunamis are unlike wind generated waves, which many of us may have observed on a local lake or at a coastal beach, in that they are characterized as shallow water waves, with long periods and wave lengths.

Trough

noun) a long shallow often v-shaped receptacle for the drinking water or feed of domestic animals In the 17 th century, the Conestoga wagon had a trough attached to its rear end, so the horses could feed.

Seaweed

noun) a mass of growth of marine plants Many types of seaweed and other plants that do not appear to be green also have chlorophyll and therefore can convert the sun's energy into food.

Loophole

noun) a means of escape; especially : an ambiguity or omission in the text through which the intent of a statute, contract, or obligation may be evaded Consumer advocates have worried that the list would be laden with loopholes without the support of the FCC, which oversees the nation's telephone system.

Remedy

noun) a medicine, application, or treatment that relieves or cures a disease So we wanted to see how it measured in its latest marketing claims as an anti-aging remedy for men in their 40s," says Conrad Earnest, PhD, of the Cooper Institute Centers for Integrative Health Research in Dallas.

Underclassman

noun) a member of the freshman or sophomore class in a school or college Juniors, too, may have their math grades substituted for their test scores, though underclassmen that did not pass will have to retake the exam.

Kettle

noun) a metallic vessel for boiling liquids To purify water for drinking, a camper should put the water in a kettle and boil it for at least 30 minutes.

Psychoanalysis

noun) a method of treating emotional disorders that emphasizes the importance of a patient's talking freely about himself while under the treatment and especially about childhood experiences and about his dreams Dr. Sigmund Freud developed a new mental treatment which he named psychoanalysis.

Siege

noun) a military blockade of a city or fortified place to compel it to surrender Rebels pulled out of the city Friday after a four day siege by artillery and rockets, and after fighting that left an estimated 500 civilians dead.

Mortar

noun) a mixture of cement, lime, or gypsum plaster with sand and water that hardens and is used in masonry or plastering From a physicist's point of view, the fermions are the bricks on which the world is built, and the bosons are the mortar that binds them together.

Virtuoso

noun) a musician who shows exceptional ability, technique, or artistry Both children played the keyboard, but Wolfgang became a violin virtuoso as well.

Pass

noun) a narrow passage through mountains Sitting just west of the Nevada boundary in the basin and range district of the Mojave Desert, Death Valley is all but surrounded by mountain ranges, with a few roads connecting the valley to the outside world through narrow passes.

Innovation

noun) a new unusual thing; inventiveness Recently, many innovations in the medical field allow doctors to successfully treat some diseases which were once terminal.

Soothsayer

noun) a person who predicts the future by magical, intuitive, or more rational means An agitated Montezuma demanded that his soothsayers explain the meaning of these dire signs and was told that they prophesied the destruction of his kingdom.

Recipient

noun) a person who receives something. Modern city-states engage in instant electronic communication and capital transfer, and are the chief recipients of world population growth.

Playwright

noun) a person who writes plays William Shakespeare, famous for the tragedy "Romeo and Juliet," was one of the greatest playwrights to ever exist.

Viewpoint

noun) a personal perspective from which somebody considers something While healthcare strategies abound from diverse viewpoints and divergent professional groups, no one strategy has all the answers to reform the medical healthcare enterprise.

Peninsula

noun) a piece of land jutting out into the water and connected with a larger body of land with an isthmus Jamestown, Virginia, founded during the latter half of the seventeenth century, was built on a peninsula.

Springboard

noun) a point of departure; a jumping-off place A degree in psychology is an excellent springboard for entering the world of business, industry, and organizations.

Junction

noun) a point or position at which two or more things are joined Just outside of Barstow, California is the junction of Interstate 15 and 40.

Toxin

noun) a poison produced by a living organism, especially bacteria, capable of causing disease and also of stimulating the production within the body of antibodies to counter their effects General causes for primary brain cancer can include a prior head injury, infections, exposure to chemical toxins such as insecticides and fungicides and exposure to radiation such as microwave or radio frequencies.

Venom

noun) a poisonous fluid produced by an animal and injected by a bite or sting in order to immobilize prey or defend itself. The venom of the rattlesnake is injected through fangs which fold back when the mouth is closed.

Secretion

noun) a product of secretion, i.e. saliva, from an animal or plant It is here that the final process of digestion and nutrient absorption takes place from the two gallons of food, liquid and digestive secretions processed each day.

Polyp

noun) a projecting mass of swollen and hypertrophied or membrane; a coelenterate that has typically a hollow cylindrical body surrounded by tentacles armed with nematocysts The ability that humans have to change the earth's surface is rivaled only by colonies of tiny coral polyps, which over millions of years form massive coral reefs of limestone.

Inertia

noun) a property of matter by which it remains at rest or in uniform motion in the same straight line unless acted upon by some external force In the case of the whale, the inertia of its dense ear bone may hold the bone still while the whale vibrates around it.

Thesis

noun) a proposition advanced as an argument The thesis of a reading passage determines the structure, so the structure, once a reader begins to sense it, can lead him to the thesis.

Proclamation

noun) a public statement; the act of announcing Dubbed the Emancipation Proclamation, the law decreed that all slaves were free men.

Traction

noun) a pulling force exerted on something The developing world is slower to catch on, but a movement by astronomers and geoscientists in South Africa to establish a National Working Group to assess NEO impact risk and mitigation is gaining traction.

Spell

noun) a rather short period A spell of freezing weather before the onset of winter is usually enough to kill any remaining mosquitoes or larvae.

Slab

noun) a relatively long, straight, rigid piece of metal or other solid material There are many different types of avalanches, but the one that worries us the most is the slab avalanche, in which a mass of cohesive snow releases as a unit.

Ritual

noun) a religious or solemn ceremony involving a series of actions performed according to a set order There are seven sacraments or rituals in the Catholic Church.

Repercussion

noun) a remote or indirect consequence of some action Another group doesn't want to risk repercussions while perhaps another group just doesn't care one way or the other.

Scrabble

noun) a repeated scratching or clawing Three fossil skulls recovered from the windswept scrabble of Ethiopia's dry and barren Afar rift valley lend archaeological credence to the theory that modern humans evolved in Africa before spreading around the world.

Root

noun) a rhizome; a plant on to which another variety is grafted Born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King's roots were formed in the African-American Baptist church.

Thermal

noun) a rising body of warm air When a hang-glider gets caught in a thermal, his aircraft will spiral upward for hundreds of feet.

Shack

noun) a room or similar enclosed structure for a particular person or use They're getting people [as contestants] who watch the show already, not someone from a shack in Kampala.

Tier

noun) a row, rank, or layer of articles; especially: one of two or more rows, levels, or ranks arranged one above another; a group of political or geographical divisions that form a row across the map The middle tier is serious candidates who have yet to catch fire: Joe Lieberman (despite high name recognition in the polls), John Edwards (despite financial support from his fellow trial lawyers and some creative speeches about specific issues) and Bob Graham.

Sanctuary

noun) a sacred or holy place; the state of being protected or safeguarded, as from danger or hardship William Faulkner's written description of the gardens would later be revised for the closing of his novel Sanctuary.

Limnologist

noun) a scientist who studies life in fresh water Limnologists recognize that the problems of life in running water and still water contrast.

Ripple

noun) a small wave or series of waves; a gentle rising and falling sound that spreads through a group of people Muscular contractions cause a ripple-like movement that carries the contents down the small intestine - somewhat like a conveyor belt.

Vow

noun) a solemn promise or assertion; specifically : one by which a person is bound to an act, service, or condition A spouse may feel that he or she is fulfilling wedding vows.

Inclusion

noun) a solid, liquid, or gaseous body enclosed within a rock In addition to internal inclusions, surface irregularities are referred to as blemishes.

Nucleus

noun) a source of further growth and development A family is the basic unit in society having as its nucleus two or more adults living together and cooperating in the care and rearing of their own or adopted children.

Internship

noun) a specific length of time in which a worker (often cases a student) works for a company in order to gain experience A person should look for an entry level job, gain experience through internships, and watch for opportunities of specialized training or advanced education.

Trance

noun) a state in which somebody is dazed or stunned or in some other way unaware of the environment and unable to respond to stimuli Specialists generally believe that people with Multiple Personality Disorder may experience any of the following: depression, mood swings, suicidal tendencies, sleep disorders, headaches, amnesia, time loss, trances, and 'out of body experiences.

Strife

noun) a state of disagreement and disharmony The late 1780's were years of great strife on the Island of Hawaii. Kamehameha, who later became the first king of the Hawaiian Islands, was at war with his rival Keoua.

Turmoil

noun) a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion To escape the escalating turmoil, Church headquarters moved from New York to Ohio, then to Missouri, and later to Illinois.

Torch

noun) a stick of wood dipped in wax or with one end wrapped in combustible material, set on fire and carried, especially in the past, as a source of light Forestry officials used drip torches to start the fire, avoiding large logs on the ground that was home to small animals.

Momentum

noun) a strength or force that keeps growing If it impacted the earth with enough momentum and if it was large enough, a meteorite could cause the extinction of the human species.

Pier

noun) a structure extending into navigable water for use as a landing place or promenade or to protect or form a harbor Seaweeds, or algae, some of which attach themselves to stationary objects such as rocks or piers by the suction of organs called holdfasts, do not have roots like higher land plants.

Implication

noun) a subtle quality underlying or felt to underlie a situation or action Johnson and Newport's assertions have wide ranging implications for classroom teaching.

Steeple

noun) a tall structure usually having a small spire at the top and surmounting a church tower With at least 2,500 supporters crammed into a brick lined town square, the steeple of a Unitarian church behind him, the former Vermont governor pledged to speak ''for a new American century and a new generation of Americans.''

Optimism

noun) a tendency to expect a favorable outcome or to dwell on hopeful aspects An atmosphere of optimism and a promise of prosperity among the settlers of Chattanooga caused the city to prosper from 2,000 in 1865 to 12,000 in 1877.

Particle

noun) a tiny amount The introduction of more compression causes the new helium particles inside of the core to collide hard enough so that they can stick together and fuse.

Webcast

noun) a transmission of sound and images (as of an event) via the World Wide Web She also answered questions during a live webcast from children around the world.

Proverb

noun) a usually familiar statement expressing an observation or principle generally accepted as wise or true Many Biblical proverbs are used in Western culture as informative verses by which a person can effectively govern his life.

Swamp

noun) a usually low-lying area of waterlogged ground and standing water All lakes undergo an aging process, in which a crystal clear lake becomes a swamp full of plant growth called algae.

Marsh

noun) a usually low-lying area of waterlogged ground and standing water Although fires are thought to be destructive and dangerous, many plants, such as scrub, marshes and pine flat woods depend on fire in order to survive.

Notch

noun) a v-shaped indentation of an edge or surface It is said that the notorious Billy the Kid made a notch on his pistol grip for each of his victims.

Shaft

noun) a vertical or inclined opening of uniform and limited cross section made for finding or mining ore, raising water, or ventilating underground workings (as in a cave) Josiah Hornblower came over with the engine to assemble and install it at the mine, where Schuyler hoped to use it to pump water from the shafts.

Push

noun) a vigorous effort to attain an end, drive Back in the early 1960's when the fishery was really developing quite strongly, there was a push from both industry and government to make sure that things were going to be sustainable.

Route

noun) a way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a destination Grapevine Canyon is one of the three eastern exit routes from Death Valley, and the location of Scotty's Castle.

Tendency

noun) a way that somebody or something typically behaves or is likely to react or behave Some people with mental disorders have a tendency toward self-persecution, self- sabotage, and even violence.

Starch

noun) a white odorless tasteless granular or powdery complex carbohydrate that is the chief storage form of carbohydrates in plants is an important foodstuff, and is used also in adhesives and sizes, in laundering, and in pharmacy and medicine Starch and cellulose are complex carbohydrates is an important foodstuff

Masterpiece

noun) a work done with extraordinary skill For thousands of years, mythology has provided material for much of the world's great art. Myths and mythological characters have inspired masterpieces of architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture.

Satire

noun) a work, as a novel or play, that exposes folly by the use of humor or irony Political satire, found in newspapers across the US, aims at prominent leaders such as the president, governors, and leaders of congress.

Misnomer

noun) a wrong name or designation Fixed-rate cards, meanwhile, are something of a misnomer, since their rates aren't actually fixed.

Literacy

noun) ability to read and write; or to have proficiency in something During the job search, sociology graduates should stress their work and internship experience, analytical skills, oral and written communication skills, computer literacy, and knowledge of statistics and research design.

Penance

noun) act of self-punishment as reparation for guilt, sins, etc. As penance for their sins, some religions require their members to engage in certain embarrassing rituals before they can receive forgiveness.

Leakage

noun) action through which matter passes accidentally in or out of something Leakage from swimming pools can be a sign of an unstable slope.

Maturity

noun) adulthood; ripeness In many countries, there is discrepancy as to what age children reach maturity.

Norm

noun) an accepted way or behaving in a certain group A person who engages in criminal behavior can be differentiated by the quality or quantity of his/her learning through associations with those who define criminal activity favorable and the relative isolation from lawful social norms.

Manifestation

noun) an act of showing or displaying However, better of the disorder has led to the development of better coping mechanisms and strategies for the various manifestations of the disability.

Uprising

noun) an act or instance of rising up, especially a usually localized act of popular violence in defiance usually of an established government: rebellion In the office, however, a booming subwoofer may trigger an uprising among your coworkers.

Impairment

noun) an act, instance, or consequence of breaking Multiple Personality Disorder is viewed by some as an extreme level of dissociation, which may result in serious impairment or inability to function.

Maneuver

noun) an action calculated to achieve an end Before the invention of the Heimlich maneuver, choking on food was a common cause of accidental death in humans, causing 6,000 deaths a year in the United States.

Keynote address

noun) an address designed to present the issues of primary interest to an assembly as a political convention and often to arouse unity and enthusiasm In a keynote address, Robert Kennedy Jr. recalled the confrontation between Wallace and his father, U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy.

Pool

noun) an aggregation of the interests or property of different persons made to further a joint undertaking by subjecting them to the same control and a common liability Over one's working life, that may be true, but a bachelor's degree, for example, could be a minimum prerequisite that keeps you from being screened out of the applicant pool.

Region

noun) an area of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries; an administrative district of a city or country Arnold speculated that the Polar Regions might have areas that are permanently shadowed, hence permanently cold.

Treadmill

noun) an automatic machine allowing runners to run in place Because of the intense cold and snow, Minnesota long distance runners often use treadmills during the winter.

Trauma

noun) an extremely distressing experience that causes severe emotional shock and may have long lasting psychological effects Since the 1970s, therapists who believe in the reality of Multiple Personality Disorder generally believe it to be caused by very severe abuse during childhood violence so extreme that the child cannot absorb the trauma in its entirety.

Impression

noun) an idea or thought derived or prompted by a natural tendency or impulse The police officer got the impression to stop the car. Little did he know that he would find more than 50 kilograms in marijuana?

Solidarity

noun) an identity or coincidence of interests, purposes, or sympathies among the members of a group This outcome is a reflection of strong sense of solidarity within the corporate peasant community, also apparent in the tendency for almost every man to remain within his village over his lifetime.

Sideshow

noun) an incidental diversion or spectacle As irritating as they are, the subsidies, which mostly take the form of government loans, are a sideshow to the main contest, as Bombardier and Embracer jockey for position in a market that, while stagnant today, is expected to explode with demand.

Propensity

noun) an inclination or tendency to something Sakaltutan women show a low rate of remaining within their villages (just over 50%) and a high propensity to marry men in other locations.

Placebo

noun) an inert or harmless substance used especially in the controlled experiments testing the effectiveness of another substance The research compared results of the crushed-body treatment with the results of immunotherapy that used insect venom and also the results of a placebo.

Scarecrow

noun) an object usually suggesting a human figure that is set up to scare birds Some farmers put up scarecrows to keep crows from invading their cornfields.

Omen

noun) an occurrence or phenomenon believed to portend a future event In the decade before the Spanish arrived in Mexico, Aztec Emperor Montezuma II and his people were filled with a sense of foreboding. A series of evil omens had foretold of calamities to come. A fiery comet crossed the sky. The temple of Huitzilopochtli, the god of war, burst into flames. The Lake of Mexico boiled and rose, flooding into houses.

Marketplace

noun) an open space in a town where goods are offered for sale Because to compete in the emerging global economy, city-states have no choice: they must mobilize all their skills to protect their center cities, grow smarter, protect their air and water, achieve more social equity, and train their workforce to excel in an increasingly competitive world marketplace.

Parasite

noun) an organism living in, with, or on another organism A new theory suggests that human hairlessness evolved as a strategy to shed the ticks, lice, fleas and other parasites that nestle deep in fur.

Scavenger

noun) an organism that feeds habitually on garbage or dead and putrefying flesh New research casts T-Rex dinosaurs as little more than a scavenger, hunting out the kills of other carnivores and stealing them.

Libration

noun) an oscillation- a single swing as of an oscillating body-from one extreme limit to the other In the apparent aspect of a secondary body as a planet or a satellite as seen from the primary object around which it revolves libration in longitude enables observers on Earth to see one edge or the other of the far side of the moon.

Spike

noun) an usually high and sharply defined maximum In cores from Antarctica and Greenland, researchers have pinpointed the beginning of atomic bomb testing in the mid 1950s. They have also identified spike representing fallout from stepped up atmospheric testing that took place just prior to the 1963 Test Ban Treaty, which allowed for underground tests only.

Longitude

noun) angular distance east or west from the prime meridian At some longitudes the observer would see the Sun rise and then gradually increase in apparent size as it slowly moved toward the zenith. At that point the Sun would stop, briefly reverse course, and stop again before resuming its path toward the horizon and decreasing in apparent size.

Primate

noun) any of an order of mammals comprising man together with the apes, monkeys or related Allelomimetic behavior is highly developed among primates, where it has the principal function of providing warning against predators.

Vertebrate

noun) any of the class of animals having a backbone as a distinguishing anatomical feature Rhipidistian fishes eventually gave rise to all land vertebrates.

Vortex

noun) any whirling motion or mass; a whirlpool or whirlwind Scientists Christopher Davis, Stanley Trier, and colleagues have also gained new insight on a type of low pressure center that connects one mesoscale convective vortex to the next.

Virus

noun) anything that is injurious, destructive, or fatal Smallpox, influenza, polio, rabies, and measles are diseases caused by viruses.

Ramshackle

noun) appearing ready to collapse; carelessly or loosely constructed Both are lonely in their ramshackle surroundings and, over a series of gin rummy games, they become acquainted.

Stake

noun) at issue : in jeopardy Primary and secondary schools have a stake because, to create diverse classrooms, some of the nation's 15,000 districts use race in setting attendance policies and school boundaries.

Outset

noun) beginning, start From the outset, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was a missionary church.

Obesity

noun) being overweight, very fat Obesity is a high percentage of body fat, whereas a physically fit individual has a low percentage of body fat.

Stigmata

noun) bodily marks or pains resembling the wounds of the crucified Christ and sometimes accompanying religious ecstasy St. Francis is depicted wearing a brown habit worn by Franciscan Monks and by the stigmata over the heart.

Wreckage

noun) broken and disordered parts or material from something One man died in the wreckage of a flattened workshop and seven other people were injured in Deshler, about 75 miles southwest of Lincoln near the Kansas line

Rubble

noun) broken fragments, especially of a building During the San Francisco earthquake at the beginning of the 20 th century, many buildings were reduced to nothing more but a pile of rubble.

Tributary

noun) channeling material, supplies, into something more inclusive Many tributaries flow into the Mississippi River, making it one of the longest rivers in the world.

Surveillance

noun) close watch kept over someone or something as by a detective The Pentagon is developing an urban surveillance system that would use computers and thousands of cameras to track record and analyze the movement of every vehicle in a foreign city.

Psychic

noun) considered to have powers such as telepathy [paranormal communication of thoughts, especially with the deceased] or clairvoyance [being to able to tell the future beyond the normal sensory contact] In the majority of cases, sitters go to psychics to address a personal problem, whether it's travel, health, expectations, sex, career, ambitions, or money.

Parameter

noun) constant element or factor, especially one serving as a limit or boundary 19th century astronomers made very careful observations of Mercury's orbital parameters but could not adequately explain those using Newtonian mechanics.

Infection

noun) contamination of harmful organisms or extremely destructive or harmful matter General causes for primary brain cancer can include a prior head injury, infections, exposure to chemical toxins such as insecticides and fungicides and exposure to radiation such as microwave or radio frequencies.

Sodomy

noun) copulation with a member of the same sex or with an animal; non-coital and especially anal or oral copulation with a member of the opposite sex Issues still before the court which could be decided Thursday include a Texas ban on sodomy.

Insight

noun) deep, thorough, or mature understanding; the power to discern the true nature or a person or situation Scientists have gained new insight on a type of low pressure weather center that connects one mesoscale convective vortex to the next.

Switch

noun) device for making and breaking the connection in an electrical circuit In several famous and controversial demonstrations, chimpanzees have been taught to use some hand signs based on American Sign Language, to manipulate colored switches or tokens, and to understand some spoken commands.

Prowess

noun) distinguished bravery; especially : military valor and skill; extraordinary ability It was in England, at the Crystal Palace-the popular name for the first World's Fair, held in London in 1851-that America's industrial and technological prowess was first widely recognized.

Landslide

noun) downward and outward movement of soil and rock The big earthquake of 1906 set off dozens of large landslides in the Santa Cruz Mountains, some of which claimed human lives.

Magnification

noun) enlargement; the act of making something bigger Many inclusions are not discernable to the naked eye and require magnification to become apparent.

Paradigm

noun) example of a pattern or ideas of particular theories about a given subject Cognitive Psychology is an empirical science and depends on careful experimental procedures and paradigms to test theories about these mental processes.

Monopoly

noun) exclusive control or possession Even though Thomas Jefferson was against most forms of monopoly, he believed that an invention should be protected from attempts to copy it.

Torture

noun) excruciating punishment; the act of subjecting another to extreme physical cruelty, as in punishing The Sun Dance was a type of self torture which included a loss of consciousness.

Peril

noun) exposure to the risk of being injured, destroyed, or lost With the falloff in old-style agriculture, the region's remarkably diverse plant community, including many rare wildflower species, is also in peril.

Malnutrition

noun) faulty or inadequate nourishment needed to sustain life An anorexic person, with protruding ribs and resembling a skeleton, often has to be hospitalized for malnutrition and forced to eat.

Pocketbook

noun) financial resources: income Our recommendations will help you build a system that fits both your needs and your pocketbook.

Passionate

noun) fired with intense feeling It is mentioned in many history books that Abigail Adams was a wise, learned, strong willed, passionate, and patriotic woman.

Lightning

noun) flash of bright light produced by an electrical discharge between clouds or between clouds and the ground Currently the policy in parks such as Yellowstone is to allow natural fires started by lightning to continue.

Latitude

noun) freedom of action or choice Even though some jobs have defined salary ranges, hiring managers generally have some latitude to negotiate within that predetermined range based on a number of different factors.

Theocracy

noun) government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided The Puritan government of Massachusetts in the 1600's and 1700's has been called a theocracy.

Legislature

noun) governmental body in a country which passes laws The Vermont Supreme Court ordered its state legislature to come up with a system providing same-sex couples with traditional marriage benefits and protections.

Pasture

noun) grassland suitable for grazing The settlers to the new world called the New World "Vinland," an Old Norse term for grassland or pasture.

Insomnia

noun) habitual sleeplessness People may suffer from insomnia because of extreme stress.

Phobia

noun) having a fear of something People who have a lot of phobias will also be characterized as having unusually high stress levels.

Laurel

noun) honor or distinction After his triumphant victory, the military commander recovered his laurels.

Stance

noun) intellectual or emotional attitude Japan has been one of the few developed countries willing to engage directly with Myanmar and the aid warning is being seen as a significant toughening of its stance.

Superstition

noun) irrational fear of the unknown Due to events which sometimes cannot be explained, communities have developed superstitions which have been passed from one generation to the next.

Irregularity

noun) lack of smoothness or regularity To determine a diamond's clarity, an expert views it under 10 power magnifications. In addition to internal inclusions, surface irregularities are referred to as blemishes.

Lumbering

noun) lacking dexterity and grace in physical movement Tom Keith, although a lumbering sort of character, is quite effective as a steel worker.

Longevity

noun) long life Recent research has shown that regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle can increase longevity.

Wares

noun) manufactured articles; goods Because there was a colonial preference for imported wares and because there were bad economic conditions, the glass business of Caspar Wistar failed in 1774.

Polygamy

noun) marriage in which a spouse of either sex may have more than one mate a the same time Polygamy is allowable in Islamic tradition but is prohibited in Turkish law.

Manure

noun) material that fertilizes land; especially: refuse of stables and barnyards consisting of livestock excreta with or without litter Leaving germs behind, the housefly is a common pest and disease carrier that lays eggs in garbage and manure.

Lava

noun) matter flowing from a volcano that solidifies as it cools Hawaii's volcanoes are typically characterized by the relatively quiet outflow of very fluid lava and by sometimes spectacular lava fountains.

Morale

noun) mental attitudes of a person, especially with regards to confidence and discipline It is important to have high morale in a company so that productivity remains high.

Outlaw

noun) one that is unconventional or rebellious ; a lawless person or a fugitive from the law Gov. Bill Richardson scheduled a news conference Tuesday to detail how the state will aid an investigation launched by Lincoln County, where the Old West outlaw made a dramatic escape from custody 122 years ago.

Predecessor

noun) one that precedes; especially : a person who has previously occupied a position or office to which another has succeeded Scientists have unearthed three 160,000_year_old human skulls in Ethiopia that are the oldest known and best preserved fossils of modern humans' immediate predecessors.

Predator

noun) one that preys, destroys, or devours Sea lions, seals, and sharks are natural predators of the salmon.

Lexicographer

noun) one who compiles dictionaries Here's a definition for the lexicographers — A region consisting of one or more historic central cities surrounded by cities and towns which have a shared identification, function as a single zone for trade, commerce and communication, and are characterized by social, economic and environmental interdependence.

Pupil

noun) one who is being educated, student It is fairly certain that Cervantes was a pupil of López de Hoyos in Madrid.

Inhabitant

noun) one who lives in a place for an extended period of time Moon is essentially devoid of water, so no underground supplies could be used by lunar inhabitants.

Tagger

noun) one who makes an inscription or drawing made on some public surface such as a rock or wall In the graffiti wars in Philadelphia, the city is winning. Taggers are turning their talents to painting murals -- 1,200 to date -- which not only decorate, but revitalize these urban neighborhoods.

Prospector

noun) one who searches for something, especially valuable minerals: gold, silver, and diamonds. In the mid 1870s, gold was discovered, and press reports brought a rush of prospectors to California.

Looter

noun) one who seizes and carries away by force especially in war The cases were not found until last week because the basement of the bank was flooded, possibly deliberately by bank officials as a way to protect the treasures from looters.

Paleoanthropologist

noun) one who studies in a branch of anthropology dealing with fossil hominids-any of a family (Hominidae) of erect bipedal primate mammals comprising recent humans together with extinct ancestral and related forms The announcement was made this week by paleoanthropologist Tim White of the University of California at Berkeley. White, who co-led the joint U.S.-Ethiopian research team that made the discovery, noted that the skulls, which are between 154,000 and 160,000 years old, are the oldest known fossils of modern humans, or Homo sapiens.

Physiologist

noun) one who studies the functions of the living organisms and their living parts The first studies done with classical conditioning were performed by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist.

Proponent

noun) one who supports or champions an activity, institution, etc. Morehouse College president Benjamin Mays and other proponents of Christian social activism influenced King's decision after his junior year at Morehouse to become a minister and thereby serve society.

Tissue

noun) organic body material in animals and plants made up of large numbers of cells that are similar in form and function and their related intercellular substances They enter the heart of the palms and feed on the tender tissues within.

Peculiarity

noun) peculiar behavior; a distinctive element Demographic peculiarities reveal a pattern of upward marriage or hyper gamy which is quite different from endogamy and reflects an acknowledged status difference among communities.

Percentage

noun) rate or proportion percent Binet discovered that the percentage of subnormal children stayed about the same if he took the ratio between the child's "mental age" and "chronological age" instead of the difference between the two.

Urbanity

noun) refined, effortless beauty of manner, form, and style Mark Twain, known for his urbanity and his artistic integrity, developed a love for writing about the South.

Menace

noun) regarded as a danger to someone or something Causing many respiratory illnesses, automobile exhaust is a menace to human health.

Maternity

noun) relating to being a mother, or motherhood Two months before the birth of her cubs, a mother polar bear instinctively begins to dig a maternity den.

Stability

noun) reliability in withstanding pressure, force, or stress Some soil and rock types are more prone to land sliding than others, and landowners should determine the inherent geologic stability of their property before beginning construction activities.

Propeller

noun) revolving shaft with blades, especially for propelling a ship or airplane As the plane uses jet engines or even a propeller in some cases, to move itself forward, air rushes by the wing.

Proportion

noun) satisfying arrangement marked by even distribution of elements, as in a design The cut of a diamond refers to its proportions.

Insanity

noun) serious mental illness or disorder impairing a person's capacity to function normally His all night and drug binging eventually led him to insanity.

Underbrush

noun) shrubs, small trees, or other vegetation growing beneath the trees in a forest If fires are always suppressed, dense underbrush soon becomes so abundant that a simple spark can start a fire within minutes.

Milestone

noun) significant event or stage in a person's life Since the ability to achieve competency varies to a great degree in adults and less so in children (who possess the same high proficiency capabilities), does this not in itself suggest an overall pattern of ability set on by age? Perhaps, the onset of a sensitive period changes according to the individual just as growth patterns and personal milestones are reached at different times in one's life.

Ingenuity

noun) skill or cleverness in devising or combining; inventiveness Ingenuity can help get children walking safely, but in the end tax dollars are needed to build speed bumps, extend curbs or install walk signs that indicate how many seconds people have left to cross the street.

Peasant

noun) small farmer or agricultural worker Sterling observed only a small number of cases in which a man married more than one wife in the Turkish peasant villages he studied.

Notion

noun) something believed or accepted as true by a person The Battle at Shiloh changed all preconceived notions that the Civil War would be short lived.

Outcome

noun) something brought about by a cause This outcome is a reflection of strong sense of solidarity within the corporate peasant community, also apparent in the tendency for almost every man to remain within his village over his lifetime.

Lyricism

noun) something likened to verse, as in form or style Her gift in lyricism is what has helped her to successfully write pop-music songs.

Tender

noun) something offered, as in money Gold and silver were declared as legal tender, and as such were used for all payments.

Sentinel

noun) something or someone that watches over When feeding in a field, crows usually post a sentinel on a lofty perch to sound a warning if any danger should approach.

Organism

noun) something resembling a living thing in its complexity of structure or functions Researchers have learned that many different organisms can be conditioned to respond to practically any stimuli such as lights, sounds, or tastes.

Pest

noun) something resembling a pest in destructiveness; especially: a plant or animal detrimental to humans or human concerns (as agriculture or livestock production) "Disgusting," "dirty," and "pest" are just some of the words we associate with the very unpopular insect, the cockroach.

Occurrence

noun) something significant that happens Landslides are a common occurrence in the Santa Cruz Mountains.

Tide

noun) something suggestive of running water When it finally reaches the coast, a tsunami may appear as a rapidly rising or falling tide, a series of breaking waves, or even a bore.

Incentive

noun) something that causes and encourages a given response Aluminum has a high market value and continues to provide an economic incentive to recycle.

Pigment

noun) something that imparts color Many types of seaweed and other plants that do not appear to be green also have chlorophyll and therefore can convert the sun's energy into food. In these plants, the greenness is hidden by other pigments.

Obstacle

noun) something that impedes or prevents entry or passage Concerning the method of natural association, it is learned when someone is faced with a memory obstacle that reminds him of something in the past, he can use that image.

Imperfection

noun) something that mars the appearance or causes inadequacy of failure The fewer the imperfections found, the rarer and more valuable the diamond becomes.

Token

noun) something that represents, expresses, or is a symbol of something else In several famous and controversial demonstrations, chimpanzees have been taught some hand signs based on American Sign Language, to manipulate colored switches or tokens, and to understand some spoken commands.

Median

noun) something, as a type, number, quantity, or degree, that represents a midpoint between extremes on a scale of valuation Stated more precisely, the median is a number that neither exceeds nor is exceeded by more than half of the observations.

Wreath

noun) something-usually made of some type of plant-intertwined into a circular shape The Russian president also visited Westminster Abbey where he laid a wreath on the Grave of the Unknown Warrior.

Prosperity

noun) steady good fortune or financial security; a state of health, happiness, and prosperity Many gay couples are enjoying a higher level of economic prosperity than the average American and don't feel constrained in any way by a lack of marriage rights.

Thievery

noun) stealing something from a person or place In Roman mythology, Mercury is the god of commerce, travel and thievery, the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes, the messenger of the Gods.

Impetus

noun) stimulation or encouragement resulting in increased activity The growth of systematic archaeology in China resulted in numerous datable materials, provided tremendous impetus to the study of Chinese art, with researchers and art historians making great strides, discovering, confirming and re-constructing art in China.

Stroke

noun) sudden diminution or loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by rupture or obstruction (as by a clot) of an artery of the brain Insufficient angiogenesis can occur following stroke.

Tract

noun) system of body parts or organs that collectively serve some purpose Vomiting and diarrhea are dangerous and can cause damage to the digestive tract.

Perspective

noun) that which is or can be seen; mental view of the relative importance of things Although few occupations include "sociologist" in their title at the bachelor's level, the sociological perspective is excellent preparation for a wide variety of occupations.

Tolerance

noun) the acceptance of the differing views of other people, for example, in religious or political matters, and fairness toward the people who hold these different views The Constitution guarantees religious tolerance, which is why many people decided to settle in America.

Offensive

noun) the act of attacking Realizing that he could not wait for another Federal advance, Johnston began concentrating forces at Corinth, Mississippi, where he hoped to take the offensive and destroy General Grant's Army of the Tennessee before it could be joined by General Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio.

Networking

noun) the developing of contacts or exchanging of information with others in an informal network In a short time, the reforms might well be a dynamic instability in the care and networking of patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Radioactivity

noun) the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei Each layer of ice in a core corresponds to a single year or sometimes even a single season and most everything that fell in the snow that year remains behind, including wind blown dust, ash, atmospheric gases, even radioactivity.

Threats

noun) the expression of a deliberate intention to cause harm or pain If such a multi-day sequence could be forecast, valuable lead time might be gained on flooding threats.

Residence

noun) the fact of residing somewhere; the place where a person resides; a person's home His principal residence during the next several months was near Paris, France, just around the corner from the Luxembourg Gardens, where he spent much of his time; his written description of the gardens would later be revised for the closing of his novel Sanctuary.

Topography

noun) the features on the surface of a particular area of land Things such as wind, temperature, relative humidity, topography, and fuel levels all need to be taken into account.

Repulsion

noun) the force with which bodies, particles, or like forces repel one another Einstein added a cosmological constant to his theory and that term represented a repulsion (pushing away) of every point in space by the surrounding points, acting against gravitational attraction.

Measure

noun) the formal product of a legislative or judicial body In 1761, John Adams began to think and write and act against British measures that he believed infringed on colonial liberties and the right of Massachusetts and the other colonies to self-government.

Legume

noun) the fruit or seed of leguminous plants (as peas or beans) used for food Vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, unrefined cereals, olive oil, cheese and yogurt are eaten most days, as is fish.

Peak

noun) the highest point of a mountain The western side of the valley is defined by the Panamint Range, with Telescope Peak its highest spot at an elevation of 11,049 feet.

Incumbent

noun) the holder of an office or ecclesiastical benefice He lost a race in South Carolina for the only time in his career four years later, when he challenged incumbent Sen. Olin Johnston for nomination.

Larva

noun) the immature, wingless, and often vermiform feeding form that hatches from the egg of many insects After mosquito eggs hatch, the larvae hang from the surface film and get air through tubes that break the water's surface at the tail ends of their bodies.

Onset

noun) the initial stage of a developmental process; the act of attacking Type II diabetes, which is adult onset diabetes, is reduced by regular exercise because it improves the regulation of blood glucose.

Status

noun) the level of credit or respect at which a person or thing is regarded by others Someone once remarked "a language is a dialect with an army," meaning that only the identity of a modern state can give a form of speech that status.

Payload

noun) the load carried by a vehicle exclusive of what is necessary for its operation; especially: the load carried by an aircraft or spacecraft consisting of things such as passengers or instruments necessary to the purpose of the flight Scientists have worked for years to harness the power that viruses have to invade cells, replacing unwanted elements of herpes and other viruses with disease-fighting genes in hopes the new genetic payload would correct a targeted illness.

Stem

noun) the main body or stalk of a plant Like other rodents, the gerbil lives in semiarid regions and prefers to eat the roots and stems of a variety of plants.

Protagonist

noun) the main performer in a theatrical production Given to reading books of chivalry, the protagonist Alonso Quijano, influenced by the exploits of his heroes, loses his mind and decides to become a knight, go out in search of adventure, and impose justice according to the code of the knights errant.

Sediment

noun) the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; material deposited by water, wind, or glaciers The rover, Opportunity, and its sister rover, Spirit, which was launched earlier this month, will act as robotic geologists during their three months of exploration. They will send back images of sediment and mineral deposits that can help scientists determine whether there was ever enough water on Mars to sustain life.

Sustenance

noun) the means to support life During the early colonial years in America, many people traveled on horseback and relied on corn for sustenance.

Subsistent

noun) the minimum as of food and shelter necessary to support life Subsistent farming, in which a family is completely self-reliant, has decreased rapidly since the advent of the industrial revolution.

Stock

noun) the original as a person, race, language, or animal from which others derive: source The low cost technology pioneered by Seahorse Ireland could be transferred to poorer parts of the world where seahorse stocks are fast becoming depleted.

Twilight

noun) the period between afternoon and nighttime It recommended that drivers turn on their headlights at the first sign of twilight.

Segregation

noun) the policy or practice of excluding a minority group from full freedom or participation in a society On December 5, 1955, five days after Montgomery civil rights activist Rosa Parks refused to obey the city's rules mandating segregation on buses, black residents launched a bus boycott.

Runoff

noun) the portion of precipitation on land that ultimately reaches streams often with dissolved or suspended material The ground is completely saturated, so everything is runoff. We could have flash floods just about any time.

Reciprocity

noun) the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit It is important that a relationship be friendly and express group reciprocity.

Nobility

noun) the quality or state of possessing outstanding qualities in character, quality, or rank Showing a nobility of character that has worldwide appeal, Lincoln, a Republican, was the first member of his party to become president.

Ratio

noun) the quantitative relation between two amounts showing the number of times one value contains or is contained within the other Mercury is the only body in the solar system known to have an orbital/rotational resonance with a ratio other than 1:1.

Laureate

noun) the recipient of honor or recognition for achievement in an art or science The Inamori Foundation announced the laureates of its 19th Annual Kyoto Prizes, international awards presented to people who have contributed significantly to mankind's betterment in the categories of Advanced Technology, Basic Science, and Arts and Philosophy.

Renaissance

noun) the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th and 16th centuries; a revival of or renewed interest in something Los trabajos is the best evidence not only of the survival of Greek novelistic themes but also of the survival of forms and ideas of the Spanish novel of the second Renaissance.

Massacre

noun) the savage killing of many victims Adams's innate conservatism made him determined in 1770 that the British soldier accused of the Boston Massacre was to receive a fair hearing.

Portfolio

noun) the securities held by an investor: the commercial paper held by financial house like a bank It's a good bet rates will rise if the prime rate increases, since the lender's cost of doing business will be higher. Or they may change if the lender sells its portfolio of customers to another bank.

Pelt

noun) the skin of an animal Many hunters and fur traders sought money in beaver and otter pelts, and deer and buffalo skins.

Morpheme

noun) the smallest meaningful unit of speech A word may contain more than one morpheme, as in antiestablishment, in which there are three morphemes.

Molecule

noun) the smallest particle of an element or compound This process of breaking down large molecules into their smallest parts so our body can use them is termed digestion.

Velocity

noun) the speed at which something moves, happens, or is done As the body is crushed into a smaller and smaller volume, the gravitational attraction increases hence the escape velocity gets bigger.

Totality

noun) the state of being complete or total At its worst, it could cause some to disagree with the totality of the comments.

Renowned

noun) the state of being famous. He quickly became renowned for his religious theme paintings which were popular with the art buying public.

Reality

noun) the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them Cervantes's work, a keen critique of the literature of his time, presented the clash between reality and the ideals which Don Quixote sought to revive, and at the same time originated the theme of the clairvoyance of insanity.

Rarity

noun) the state or quality of being far beyond what is usual, normal, or customary If the inclusions are not visible to the naked eye, a higher clarity does not really improve the appearance of a diamond but rather the rarity and price

Soil

noun) the upper layer of earth that may be dug or plowed and in which plants grow The volcanic soil in Hawaii is fertile, and the warm climate makes it possible to grow crops all year around.

Rim

noun) the upper or outer edge of something more or less circular The bicyclists raced around the southern rim of the Grand Canyon

Wizardry

noun) the use of supernatural powers to influence or predict events It was once believed that witchcraft and wizardry was practiced among some of the citizens of Salem, Massachusetts.

Possession

noun) those articles which belong to someone Junko left most of her possessions with her parents before leaving to the United States.

Nationwide

noun) throughout the whole nation-an organized geopolitical unit As we use more and more water, the nationwide supply is rapidly being used up.

Misconception

noun) to be mistaken in judgment One of the common misconceptions many job seekers have, especially recent graduates, is that a degree automatically means more money or a certain amount of it.

Phrase

noun) to convey in language or words of a particular form It would seem socially unacceptable utter the following phrase to a co-worker: "You are ugly?"

Manufacture

noun) to create by forming, combining, or altering materials Through the process of photosynthesis, plants convert the light energy into stored energy. Because green plants can manufacture their own food, plants are called autotrophs or self-nourishing.

Thrall

noun) to make a slave of Twenty thousand years ago, the Earth was held in thrall by a relentless ice age.

Pulse

noun) to make rhythmic contractions, sounds, or movements In 1993, Angelou wrote and delivered a poem, "On the Pulse of the Morning," at the inauguration for President Bill Clinton at his request.

Landing

noun) to set or put on shore from a ship The landings from the world's wild capture fisheries have continued to decline since reaching a peak of 112 million metric tons (mmt) in 1995.

Strike

noun) to set upon with violence force More important, the records allow researchers to predict the impact of significant events from volcanic eruptions to global warming that could strike us today.

Mingle

noun) to take part in social activities From time to time, a worker should mingle with other co-workers at Halloween, Christmas, and New Year's parties.

Malfunction

noun) to work improperly due to mechanical difficulties At the lower end of the esophagus, a one way valve (the esophageal sphincter) prevents the backsplash of stomach contents upward into the esophagus. A malfunction of this valve is the most common cause of heartburn.

Ton

noun) unit of weight equivalent to 2,000 pounds Some of the wagons, on which the early pioneers depended, were capable of carrying up to eight tons of supplies.

Persecution

noun) very painful punishment Some people with mental disorders have a tendency toward self-persecution, self- sabotage, and even violence.

Likelihood

noun) very probable; strong or distinct possibility Tucker and Crook used the Pennsylvania State University/NCAR mesoscale model to simulate convection (showers and thunderstorms) and to test how different modes of mountain convection affect the likelihood of mesoscale convective systems formation downstream.

Rubbish

noun) waste material; refuse or litter It lays its eggs in rubbish heaps, rotting trees trunks, sawdust, and other vegetative matter.

Moisture

noun) water or other liquid causing a slight dampness or wetness The child sleeps on a pad that buzzes loudly the moment it detects moisture.

Quasi-

prefix) seemingly; not really; almost Chimpanzees require massive regimented teaching sequences contrived by humans to acquire quite rudimentary abilities, mostly limited to a small number of signs, strung together in repetitive, quasi-random sequences, used with the intent of requesting food or tickling.

Notwithstanding

preposition) [notwithstanding their lack of experience, they were an immediate success] — often used after its object [the motion passed, our objection notwithstanding]: despite Seahorses are no ordinary sea creatures, notwithstanding their monogamy which is highly unusual for the animal kingdom. It is the male who receives eggs from his female partner and fertilizes them himself.

In accordance with

prepositional phrase) so as the state of individuals who are in utter agreement The governor in accordance with the mayor of Los Angeles has decided to increase taxes on its upper class citizens.

In conjunction with

prepositional phrase) so as with a combination of events or circumstances In Oregon, a private land owner named Ned Livingston burned his acres of forest in conjunction with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Klamath Lake District of the Oregon Department of Forestry.

Waver

verb) to become unsure or begin to change from a previous opinion Although he never wavered in his devotion to colonial rights and early committed himself to independence as an unwelcome last resort, Adams's innate conservatism made him determined in 1770 that the British soldiers accused of the Boston Massacre receive a fair hearing.

Undertook

verb) to begin to do something or to set out on something In 1770, Leopold and Wolfgang undertook a tour through Italy.

Lure

verb) to beguile or draw into a wrong or foolish course of action As a way to lure their prey, coyotes will often act playful to small dogs and cats.

Sooth

verb) to bring comfort, solace, or reassurance to A rise in lodging and housing costs pushed underlying U.S. inflation up in May at the fastest rate in nine months, the government said on Tuesday in a report that soothed deflation fears.

Standardize

verb) to bring into conformity with a standard Traditionally diamonds and gemstones were weighed against these seeds until the system was standardized, and one carat was fixed at 0.2 grams.

Propagate

verb) to bring into existence and foster the development of; increase Because the rate at which a wave loses its energy is inversely related to its wave length, tsunamis not only propagate at high speeds, they can also travel great, transoceanic distances with limited energy losses.

Irrigate

verb) to cause a stream to flow over land so as to water it These slow moving rivers feed many canals that irrigate farmlands.

Wound

verb) to cause or inflict an injury to the body (as from violence, accident, or surgery) that involves laceration or breaking of a membrane (as the skin) and usually damage to underlying tissues In a surprise attack, Little Turtle's forces killed or wounded about 900 American soldiers.

Shatter

verb) to cause the complete ruin or wreckage of; to split into fragments by a blow By sailing into the New World, Christopher Columbus shattered the belief that the world was flat.

Ratchet

verb) to cause to move by steps or degrees - usually used with up or down Since Sept. 11, Beijing has ratcheted up its bluster against Xinxiang's Uighur separatists.

Refract

verb) to cause to move, especially at an angle; to bend Sound waves traveling upward may be refracted by the difference in temperature and redirected toward the ground.

Scatter

verb) to cause to separate and go in various directions Immigrants who have recently moved into the United States are scattered among the 50 states.

Inflict

verb) to cause to undergo or bear, as something unwelcome or damaging Physical violence inflicted on others is an ever-growing epidemic in the United States.

Perish

verb) to cease living At least 80 and perhaps hundreds of people perished in the deadliest historical eruption to occur in what is now Hawaii.

Metabolize

verb) to change a substance, i.e., food, and its chemical nature so that it can be used for another purpose When Starch is digested, our body hydrolyzes it to glucose. The glucose is then metabolized and used for energy.

Transform

verb) to change people or things completely, especially improving their appearance or usefulness The pupae will require another 1.5 to 2 months before it transforms into an adult and becomes a threat to the palms.

Synthesize

verb) to combine and adapt in order to attain a particular effect Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., synthesized ideas drawn from many different cultural traditions. Born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929, King's roots were in the African American Baptist church.

Negotiate

verb) to come to an agreement about In April 1803, Napoleon Bonaparte negotiated the sale of the Louisiana Territory with the envoys of President Thomas Jefferson.

Triumph

verb) to conquer or win a victory over, as in battle or a competition During the Civil War, the Union Army triumphed over the Confederate Army in the bloodiest battle ever fought in American History.

Ponder

verb) to consider carefully and at length Program directors and staff ponder the disruptive dynamism of these new heathcare reforms. In a short time, the reforms might well be a dynamic instability in the care and networking of patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Manipulate

verb) to control one's own advantage by artful or indirect means Chimpanzees have been taught some hand signs based on American Sign Language, to manipulate colored switches or tokens, and to understand some spoken commands.

Steer

verb) to control the course of What they may not remember is that this was the war that steered the United States to center stage as a world power.

Imply

verb) to convey and idea by indirect, subtle means Cooler stars are redder than hotter, bluer stars, implying that bluer stars must be younger than redder stars.

Shroud

verb) to cut off from view: obscure Fog shrouded parts of the California coast between San Francisco and Los Angeles.

Smashing

verb) to deliver a powerful blow suddenly and sharply so as to cause something to split into fragments Michael A' Hearn will lead a team that's planning to find out what's inside comet Temple 1 by smashing into it with a 771 pound copper "hammer" the biggest they could loft into space.

Stipulate

verb) to demand an express term in an agreement -- used with for The General has stipulated that there will be no weapons after 72 hours," said the spokesman for the international force, Colonel Gerard Dubois. "Weapons that remain in Bunya will be confiscated," he told reporters in Bunya.

Summon

verb) to demand to appear, come, or assemble Summoned by von Colloredo to Vienna in 1781, he was dismissed after a series of arguments. Superimpose (verb) to place or lay over or above something With conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures, things at different depths are superimposed, causing potential confusion to the viewer.

Striated

verb) to mark with a line or band of different color or texture To the east of the Amargosa Range is the Amargosa Desert, striated by the wide washes of the Amargosa River which intermittently flows south from Beatty, Nevada, through Death Valley Junction, curving to the west and then north to enter Death Valley.

Ramble

verb) to move aimlessly from place to place; to explore idly NASA launches the first of two golf cart size rovers that will ramble across the rocky, red soil of Mars and drill for evidence that the Red Planet once had enough water to support life.

Oscillate

verb) to move back and forth with a steady rhythm There is a special critical initial strength such that the field cannot decide whether to evaporate away or collapse to form a black hole. Instead it oscillates increasingly rapidly, performing an infinite number of oscillations in a finite time.

Incline

verb) to move from true vertical or horizontal Although the plane of the Moon's orbit about the Earth is inclined about 50, its equator is inclined about 6.50, resulting in a 1.50 inclination of the Moon's spin axis to its orbital plane around the Sun.

Slant

verb) to move from true vertical or horizontal In the Sierra Nevada mountain range, trees growing at altitudes of at least 9,000 feet slant away from the prevailing Northern winds.

Tip

verb) to move from true vertical or horizontal; to shift the balance of power or influence After one of several indecisive battles, probably in 1790, the balance was suddenly tipped in favor of Kamehameha when a natural disaster struck.

Sail

verb) to move swiftly through the water through the use of boat Thorvaldsen Eriksson, son of Erik the Red, sailed from Greenland to the New World which he had been told about by his brother Leif.

Undercut

verb) to offer to sell at lower prices than or to work for lower wages than a competitor Even computer maker Gateway has joined the fray. It undercut competitors last fall with its debut of a $3,000 42-inch plasma TV and promises to have a dozen other plasma, LCD and rear-projection models for sale later this year.

Undergo

verb) to participate in or partake of personally Some patients suffering from chronic pain undergo hypnosis, a highly concentrated but relaxed awareness, in which the perception of pain is altered.

Skim

verb) to pass quickly and lightly through Part of maintaining a pool is to skim the surface daily for leaves, drowned insects, and other forms of debris.

Tout

verb) to praise or recommend somebody or something enthusiastically Jones and Dewey are respectively touted as prominent west coast and east coast psychics.

Render

verb) to present a lifelike image of X-rays differentiate between bone and air, hence rendering the liver, the pancreas and certain other organs invisible.

Pose

verb) to present for attention or consideration; to put or set forth As researchers continue to search the skies for objects that pose an impact risk, they are also beginning discussions on how to deflect an object on a collision course with Earth.

Trap

verb) to prevent air, gas, heat, or a fluid from escaping Gases trapped in ice cores show the dramatic impact that human activities have had on the planet since the Industrial Revolution.

Salivate

verb) to produce an abnormal flow of saliva-the result of secretion of water in the mouth Pavlov noticed that the dogs in his laboratory salivated not only when they ate their food, but also before they had taken a bite.

Provision

verb) to provide as of supplies; to be prepared beforehand This species nests in the ground and provisions its nest with cicadas.

Redact

verb) to put in writing; to select or adapt for publication Court documents related to the guardian's medical plan for J.D. are redacted and do not disclose when and where the young woman will be taken to give birth.

Utilize

verb) to put into action or use To best utilize a writing center tutor, a student should take a copy of the writing assignment and have a rough draft ready for review.

Postpone

verb) to put off until a later time The exam was postponed until the next week.

Recombining

verb) to put together again into one mass so that the constituent parts are more or less homogeneous By recombining the atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in different combinations, the plant creates the different carbohydrates.

Upgrade

verb) to raise the quality of America's Bicentennial gift from the people of West Germany, the Einstein Planetarium has been upgraded to include a first-of-its-kind, Sky Vision™ dual digital projection system and six-channel digital surround sound.

Uplift

verb) to raise the spirits of Accentuating the positive uplifts a worker, which can increase the productivity of a workforce.

Reacquaint

verb) to re-familiarize oneself with someone or something; to cause to know about or be aware of something or someone which was once familiar Page through the text and/or your notebook to reacquaint yourself with the important points.

Sum up

verb) to recapitulate the salient facts of There are four types of politeness strategies, described by Brown and Levinson, that sum up human "politeness" behavior: Bald On Record, Negative Politeness, Positive Politeness, and Off-Record-Indirect Strategy.

Intercept

verb) to receive a communication or signal directed elsewhere usually secretly U.S. intelligence analysts believe Saddam Hussein is more likely to be alive than dead, a conclusion bolstered in recent weeks by intercepted communications among Saddam loyalists, The New York Times reported Friday, citing government officials.

Inherit

verb) to receive property from one who has died; to receive genetic characteristics from a parent Another theory is the belief that these disorders can be inherited through family genes.

Tread

verb) to step or walk on or over West Africa promised a peace force of at least 5,000 troops for Liberia if warring sides halt fighting, and France suggested Saturday it was open to contributing troops stepping in where the United States, has so far declined to tread.

Instigate

verb) to stir to action or feeling There have been recent efforts of instigating prescribed burning as a means of forest management.

Linger on

verb) to stop temporarily and remain, as if reluctant to leave The effects of a cold can linger on for as long as three weeks.

Pummel

verb) to strike repeatedly by heavy blows so as to cause damage Gov. Jeb Bush on Tuesday declared a state of emergency for seven southwestern Florida counties which were pummeled by torrential rain.

Smack

verb) to strike so as to produce a sharp slap or blow At some point in the geological future a large chunk of rock and ice will smack into Earth and destroy life as we know it.

Seek out

verb) to strive toward a goal; to try to find As effective as the methods I am about to outline in this lecture are, you are still advised to seek out for yourself other or even devise new methods to help your flexibility.

Probe

verb) to study in order to acquire information The committee probed more into the allegations of whether or not he had engaged in insider trading.

Venture

verb) to take a risk in the hope of gaining advantage Some businesspersons venture in real estate and the stock market as possible ways of getting a lucrative return on their investments.

Rear

verb) to take care of and educate [a child] The life cycle of insects is so short that many generations can be reared each year.

Poach

verb) to take game or fish by illegal methods Chinese folk medicines utilize almost every part of the tiger's body, leading to widespread poaching of these animals.

Settle

verb) to take up permanent residence in a certain area After this incident, the colonists decided to return to Greenland rather than settle in Vinland.

Regurgitate

verb) to throw or pour back or out from or as if from a cavity California condors are scavengers, eating dead animals and carcasses left by hunters. Some condors will regurgitate their food if they feel threatened.

Irritate

verb) to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated, needless trouble The latter, at first sympathetic to the Mozart's, later became irritated by Wolfgang's prolonged absences and stubborn ways.

Overturn

verb) to turn or cause to turn from a vertical or horizontal position The Vikings quickly overturned the boats and killed all but one Indian, who was able to get away.

Surrender

verb) to undergo capture, defeat, or ruin As the battles continued, many of Sitting Bull's followers surrendered.

Link

verb) to unite or be united in a relationship There are also mixed results of studies linking bladder cancer and firefighting.

Mushroom

verb) to well up and spread out laterally from a central source; to become enlarged or extended; to spring up suddenly or multiply rapidly As the Earth's population continues to mushroom, can ways be found to manage natural resources without causing ecological collapse? Muster (verb) to come together; to assemble, prepare, or put into operation While in France, he would sometimes go to the café that James Joyce would frequent, but the interminably shy Faulkner never mustered the nerve to speak to him.

Scribble

verb) to write hastily or carelessly without regard to legibility of thought Check the meaning of unfamiliar words if they seem to be key words. In that case, if the author uses them more than once, scribble a brief definition at the bottom of the page or at the end of the essay.

Rally

verb) with reference to troops bring or come together again so as to continue fighting In a last effort to regain control of Shiloh, the confederate troops rallied against the union soldiers in a three day raging battle.