TOK: Week of 12/4: Common Logical Fallacies quiz

Non sequitar

a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement. ex: My essay will get a good grade because I put a lot of effort in it. ex: Yeats is Irish, and so he tells a good story

False Analogy

a false or over extended analogy is an assertion that because a similarity exist, it doesn't mean that it exists in other aspects ex:

ad hominem

an argument that evades the task of adressing the question and instead appeals to the feelings if the audience. This is done by attacking the person. ex: A bad person can not be right

Bandwagon Argument

beliefs or prejudices of the crowd. ex: Drink this soda pop, it's the choice of a new generation

circular reasoning

evades a real conclusion by restating the problem in new words. ex: clearly Mary is failing the class because she cannot manage to achieve at the level required to pass

Appeal to Authority

ex: Drink Poland Spring because Obama drinks does

false Dichotomy (black or white reasoning)

fallacious presentation of two possibles as the only two possibilities ex: citizens must choose between supporting gun control or supporting murder

post Hoc

"after this, thus because of this" , error created by assuming that sequence indicates causation. ex: earlier, I walked under a ladder, then I lost $100 dollars, walking under a ladder mist have cause me to lose $100

begging the question (circular reasoning)

A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt/ treats matters under debate as already established ex: we must carefully identify these promoters of hatred so that they can be removed from positions in the public services.

Hasty Generalization

Not supported by specific information but appeal to common sense or common experience ex: Mary's husband beats her; men always oppress women ex: people always offer the cruelest criticism they can