Top Hat Chapter 4-6

What is the freezing point of a water solution using .85 m concentration? Freezing point constant is 1.86

-1.6

The freezing point constant for water is 1.86 degrees Celsius kg/mol. Calculate the change in freezing point for a 0.907 m solution. Answer as a number only with three sig figs.

1.69

How many core electrons are in a chlorine atom? Hint see larger group number.

10

What is the pOH of a substance with a pH of 3.61?

10.39

What is the pressure of 760 mm Hg when expressed in units of Pa?

101,325 Pa

What is the angle between electron groups if they have tetrahedral geometry?

109.5

How many moles of KCl would be present in 5.5 L of 2.10 M KCl? Enter your answer as a number with four sig figs.

11.55

How many liters of oxygen gas are needed to react with 56.0 L of methane at STP to produce carbon dioxide gas and gaseous water? Given:

112 L

Acetylene gas is produced as a result of the following reaction. If 3.20 moles of are consumed in this reaction, how many grams of are needed?

115 g H2O

C3H8+3O2+4H2 How many moles of oxygen are necessary to react completely with 4.0 moles of propane ?

12 moles of oxygen

What is the mass percent of a solution which has 27.5 g of ethanol and 175 mL of water? The density of water is 1.00 g/mL.

13.6 %

An oxygen tank holds 4.5 liters of gas at 305 K. What temperature would be needed to change the volume to 2.2 liters?

149K

If we have the following equation: 1 cup flour + 2 eggs + 1/2 tsp baking powder---> 5 pancakes How many pancakes can we make with 3 cups of flour? Express your answer as a number only

15.0

How many Liters of 0.112 M will react completely with 27.2 Liters of 0.135 M according to the equation below?

16.4

A 14.8L balloon is at 255K. What is its volume if its temperature is 304K? Answer by using a number with three sig figs only.

17.6

How many valence electrons are in sulfur dioxide?

18

What is the pH of stomach acid? Enter your answer as a number with a single digit only.

2.0

What is the equivalent pressure of 1520 torr in units of atm?

2.00

What is the coefficient for hydrogen in the balanced equation for the reaction of solid iron (III) oxide with gaseous hydrogen to form solid iron and liquid water?

3

Review the photosynthesis reaction: How many grams of glucose can be synthesized from 58.5 g of ? Assume there is more than enough water present to react with all of the . Express your answer as a number only with three sig figs.

39.9

If the number of moles of a gas initially in a 2.10 L vessel is doubled, what is the final volume of the gas in liters?

4.20

If 15.0 L of nitrogen formed at STP, how many liters of hydrogen will be produced?

45.0 L

What is 1 atm equal to?

760 mm Hg 14.7 psi 760 torr

1 atm is equal to:

760 mm Hg 760 torr 101,325 Pa 14.7 psi

A solution has a pH of 6. What is the pOH of the solution?

8

The Lewis structure of oxygen should have valence electrons. Express your answer as a number.

8

There are _ carbon atoms present in Si(C2H3O2 )4

8

Which of the following substances can act as either a Lewis acid or a Lewis base? Choose all correct answers as there may be more than one.

Ag+ Al3+ H2o

Which of the following statements about Lewis structures is FALSE?

All of the above statements are true.

What is true about colligative properties?

All of the above.

What is occurring when one makes ice cubes?

An endothermic processes

Name the precipitate that forms when aqueous solutions of barium nitrate an potassium sulfate are mixed.

BaSo4(s)

How is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases different than the Lewis definition of acids and bases?

Bronsted-Lowry deals with protons and Lewis deals with electrons.

Which element has the highest electron affinity?

C

Which two elements have the most similar Lewis structures?

C and Si

Which of the following answers shows a complete and balanced equation showing the combustion of propane (C3H8)

C3H8(g)+502(g)>3CO2(g)+4H2O(l)

Please show the ionic equation of the reaction of Copper II chloride with silver acetate.

CU^2+(aq)2Cl-(aq)+2Ag+(aq)+2C2H3O2-(aq)

Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between flourine and calcium is:

CaF2

Which element has the highest ionization energy?

Cl

Which of the following atoms is the largest?

Cs

What rule shows that orbitals must first be occupied singly rather then in pairs?

Hund's rule

A solution has a pH of 13 and another solution has a pH of 10. How does the concentration of in the solution with a pH of 13 compare to the concentration in the solution with a pH of 10?

It is 1000 times stronger.

Following symmetry guidelines, which atom is most likely to be the central atom?

most metallic

What do lone pair electrons refer to?

nonbonding

How can buffers be used?

to neutralize stomach acid

What is the concentration of hydronium ions in a neutral solution?

1.0 x 10^-7M

What is final P (in atm) with 3.05 L at 724 mmHg and 298 K which is compressed to 2.51 L at 273 K?

1.06

If a mixture of gases contained nitrogen at a pressure of 0.762 atm and oxygen at a pressure of 0.431 atm, what is the total pressure of this system?

1.19 atm

What is the molality of a solution with 12.5 g of ethylene glycol dissolved in 135 g of water?

1.49 m

What is the final volume (L) of a 1.78 L system at 315 K and 1.10 atm if STP conditions are established? Express your answer as a number with three sig figs.

1.7

Initial volume in a cylinder is 750 ml, if pressure changes from 840 mm Hg to 360 mm Hg, what is the final volume of this gas?

1.750 L

Mg(s)+2HCl(aq)>MgCl2(aq)+H2(g) How many grams of HCl are consumed by the reaction of 2.50 moles of magnesium?

183 g HCl

Balance the following reaction: H2+F> HF

2

How many electrons can exist in an orbital?

2

What is the molarity of KCl prepared by dissolving 0.525 moles in KCl in a 0.250 L solution?

2.1

How many moles of hydrogen are produced from the reaction of 3.0 moles of zinc with an excess of hydrochloric acid? Zn+2Hcl>ZnCl2+H2

3.0 moles of hydrogen

4L of neon are at 323 K. The next day, the temperature decreases to 290 K, what is the new volume? Express your answer as a number with two sig figs only.

3.6

What is the pressure of a 1.0 L container with 0.60 g of He at 293 K?

3.61 atm

Fe2)3(s)+2Al(s).... how many grams of aluminum are needed to react when 15.0 g of Fe are produced?

7.26 g Al

K3PO4+Al(No3)3>3KNO3+AlPO4 How many moles of potassium nitrate are produced when 2.5 moles of potassium phosphate react?

7.5 moles potassium nitrate

If a balloon is filled to 3.00L at 2.50 atm, what is volume of balloon at sea level?

7.50 L

Calculate the pH of a solution with H3O+=7.2 x 10-9 M

8.14

If the actual yield of ore is 648 g but the theoretical yield is 752 g, what is the percent yield? Express your answer as a number with three sig figs only.

86.2

2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2 How many moles of oxygen are produced by the decomposition of 6.0 moles of potassium chlorate?

9.0 moles of oxygen

How many moles of gas were added to a cylinder that started with 2.3 moles of gas and a volume of 1.4 L given that the final volume was 7.2 L? express your answer as a number with two sig figs only.

9.5

Solid aluminum reacts with gaseous chlorine. If you begin with 0.552 mol of aluminum and 0.887 mol of chlorine, what is the limiting reactant and theoretical yield of the product in moles?

Al, 0.552molAlCl3

Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between barium and sulfur:

BaS

For the following reaction, determine what the products of this reaction will be. When you have predicted the products, balance the equation and use a table of solubility products to determine which of the products (if any) will precipitate. Assume all reactions take place in water. _Ca(Oh)2(aq)+_HF(aq)

Ca(OH)2(aq)+2HF(aq)>2HO(l)>2H2O(l)+CaF2(s)(CaF2 precipiates)

What type of reaction is represented here: AB--->A+B ?

Decomposition

What type of reaction is represented here: AB+CD--->AD+CB ?

Double Replacement

What does Charles Law provide an explanation for?

Explains why hot air balloons float.

What is the complete name of the most electronegative element in the periodic table?

Flourine

What is unique about nitrogen gas?

Forms a triple bond.

Which substance would be labeled as the conjugate base in the following reaction? H3CCOOH(aq )+H2O(l)>...

H3CCOO-

Which substance below represents the hydronium ion?

H3O+

What is true about a solution with a pH of 5.00?

H3O+ is 1.0x10-5M

Which combination below represents a buffer solution?

HC2H3O2 and NaC2H3O2

Which of the following answers shows a complete and balanced equation showing the reaction of nitric acid with potassium hydroxide?

HNO3(aq)+KOH(aq)>KNO3(aq)+H2O(l)

Lake is being studied due to the disastrous results from a supersaturated solution of carbon dioxid

Nyos

What is the conjugate base of water?

OH-

What is the proper form of the combined gas law?

P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2

What happens as heat is added to a solid?

When melting point is reached, the energy allows the intermolecular forces to be overcome. Continued heating increases rate of melting.

If sea level pressure is 1 atm, is the total pressure of the gases mentioned in Homework Question 7.08 at sea level, above or below sea level based upon that answer?

above

Lemons are an example of an

acid

How is the percent yield obtained?

actual/theoretical x 100

How is the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases limited?

all above

What is the molecular geometry of water?

bent

Bases are not common in foods due to their taste.

bitter

What are some properties of bases?

bitter taste paper blue

Ideal gases follows the molecular theory

kinetic

Which of the following is considered a single group of electrons?

single, double, triple bond

Which of the following is not a property of acids?

slippery

What are some properties of acids?

sour taste turns blue litmus paper red

A net ionic equation removes ions

spectator

What is the tendency of a liquid to minimize its surface area?

surface tension

What is the molecular geometry of CCL4?

tetrahedral

What caused the tragedy at Lake Nyos?

the release of co2 due to a supersaturated solution

What is the molecular geometry if you have 3 single bonds and 1 lone pair? Answer as a word only-may be more than one word.

trigonal pyramidal

What is the concentration ofH3O+ in a solution with a pH of 2.00?

0.010 M

How many Liters of a 0.218 M Sodium sulfate solution react with .0253 L of 0.113 M ?Use the reaction below:

0.013 L

A 0.15 M solution of BaCl2 contains the following ions:

0.15 M Ba2+ ions and .30 M Cl-ions

What is the molarity of a solution that contains 15.5 g NaCl in a 1.50 L solution?

0.177M

What is the molality of a solution with 0.455 moles of solute in a 1.97 kg solvent? Express your answer as a number with three sig figs only. Do not enter the space-holder zero. Ex: do not enter 0.201 but instead .201

0.231

What is the molarity of a solution that contains 1.58 mol of glucose in a 5.0 L solution? Express your answer as a number with two sig figs only. Do not enter a 0 before the initial decimal point. For example, do not enter 0.17 but instead enter .17.

0.32

What is the final volume of a .5 L gas container that increased in temperature from 299 K to 333 K when pressure increased from 1.00 atm to 1.54 atm?

0.362 L

The boiling point constant for water is 0.512 degrees Celsius kg/mol. Calculate the change in boiling point for a 0.907 m solution. Answer as a number only with three sig figs. Do not enter a 0 before the initial decimal point. For example, enter .512 instead of 0.512.

0.464

A balloon has 0.500 L of air in it and is submerged in water at a depth with a pressure of 3.25 atm. What is the volume of the balloon at that depth?

0.5

What is the final volume of a cylinder that was initially 0.5 L at 25 degrees Celsius and was then heated to 50 degrees Celsius?

0.542 L

How many grams of Barium chloride are produced if 0.0253 L of 0.113 M react?Use the following equation below:

0.588 g BaCl2

Find P1 using Boyle's Law if the following values are used: V1= 1.90 L, P2= 4.19 atm, and V2= 1.09 L. State your answer as a number with two sig figs in atm.

2.4

What is the pH of a solution that has H3O+ of 0.0039M

2.41

Fe2O3(s )+2AL(s)>... how many grams of can be produced if we produce 0.269 mol Fe?

21.5 g Fe2O3

What is the volume of 28.0 g of nitrogen gas at STP?

22.4

How many valence electrons are in the nitrate ion?

24

Which set of conditions reflect STP?

273 K, 1 atm

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following description:Aluminum metal reacts with copper (II) chloride to produce aluminum chloride and copper metal.

2Al+3CuCl2 > 2AlCl3+3Cu

Calculate the pH of a solution with H3O+=1.8x10^-4M

3.74

What is the pressure of a 3.00 L gas vessel that has 18.0 grams of helium at 25 degrees Celsius?

36.7 atm

What is the molar concentration of phosphate in a 1.50 M solution?

4.50 M

What is the molality of a solution made by dissolving 14.7 g in 1.5 ml of water? Density of water is 1.00 g/mL.

54.4

What does a triple bond represent?

6 electrons

If the initial pressure of a system was 1.00 atm and the volume was halved and the temperature was tripled, what is the final pressure?

6.00 atm

Sodium chloride forms in this reaction between sodium and chlorine. How many moles of NaCl result from the complete reaction of 3.4 moles of ? Assume that there is more than enough Na. Express your answer as a number with two sig figs only.

6.8

What is the temperature of 3.48 moles of gas in a 20.0 L container at 660 mm Hg?

60.8 K

Hydrogen gas occupies 2 liters of volume at a temperature of 32 degrees Celsius. What is its temperature when it has a volume of 4 liters? Answer as a number with two sig figs only.

64.0

A sample of gas has an initial volume of 4.95 L at a pressure of 700 mm Hg. If the volume of the gas is increased to 5.38 L, what is the pressure?

644 mm Hg

With requires 35.7 L of 0.108 M to react with 0.117M of the . What is the volume of

65.9 L

Lithium reacts with water. How many grams of lithium are needed to produce 9.89 g of hydrogen gas? Express your answer as anumber with three sig figs only.

68.1

What is the equivalent pressure of 0.905 atm in units of mm Hg?

688

How many valence electrons are in a chlorine atom?

7

What is the pH of pure water?

7

What is the pH of normal and healthy human blood? Enter a number with one digit only.

7.0

Which of the following compounds are insoluble?

CuCO3

The molecular equation that shows the reaction of Copper II chloride with silver acetate is Please show states of matter in parentheses and depict ---> to show the reaction.

CuCl2(aq) + 2AgC2H3O2(aq) ---> Cu(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2AgCl(s)

What is an aqueous solution?

It is a homogeneous mixture of a substance with water.

Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between potassium and sulfur is:

K2S

What unit of temperature is used in the Ideal Gas Law?

Kelvins

Which of the following elements have the least metallic character?

Li

How is metallic character defined?

Metallic character is defined as how readily an atom can lose an electron.

Which of the following atoms have the following electron configuration 1s22s22p63s1

Na

What would the products of this reaction be: NaBr--->?

Na+Br2

Identify the reactant(s) in the following reaction: 2KClO3?2KCl+3O2

Potassium chlorate KClO3

In this type of reaction, two aqueous compounds produce a solid product.

Precipitation

Which of the following elements have the lowest ionization energy?

Rb

Classify the following reaction: Magnesium and oxygen gas produce magnesium oxide

Redox

Which nonmetal forms an ionic compound with Aluminum with the following formula Al2X3

S

What does the theoretical yield represent?

The amount of product that should form if limiting reactant is completely consumed and reaction has 100% yield.

Which of the following statements is true about gases?

The pressure of a gas is due to collisions of those molecules.

A specific volume of gas was maintained in a container. If the pressure of the gas in the container doubled, what would happen to the temperature?

The temperature doubled.

Why don't the noble gases bond very often?

These do bond but are typically exceptions to normal rules. They have 8 total valence electrons so have a filled shell.

For covalent compounds, how does polyatomic ions typically impact these structures?

They add the amount of electrons needed.

How are the patterns seen in the periodic table for ionization energy and electron affinity related?

They both have the same trends seen.

Why do atoms bond?

To become more stable.

Refer to the following chemical equation to answer this question: H2+O2>2H2O Explain this in words.

Two hydrogen atom combine with one oxygen molecule to produce two water molecules.

For an ideal gas, which of the following pairs of variables are directly proportional to each other (if all other factors remain constant)?

V,T

Avogadro's Law is expressed as:

V=n

What happens to the volume of a balloon when placed in ice water? What law does this apply to?

Volume decreases as temperature decreases according to Charles law.

What happens to the volume of a gas when you triple the number of moles of gas (everything else constant)?

Volume triples.

What is evaporation?

all of the above

What concepts are covered and used in stoichiometry?

all of these

a _ speeds up a chemical reaction

catalyst

Using the reaction of If we have 53,2 g Na and 65.8 g of , what is the limiting reactant? Answer by writing the word for the product (not the formula).

chlorine chlorine gas Cl2

What are some examples of bases?

cleaning products

In the steps used for stoichiometry, where does the mole ratio come from?

coefficients in balanced chemical reaction

Gas molecules with one another like billiard balls according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory.

collide

properties depend on the number of dissolved solute particles and not on the specific type of solute.

colligative

In what common everyday experience can stoichiometry be used?

cooking

law refers to partial pressures of a gas.

daltons

Which type of reaction requires the most energy?

decomposition

A solution contains a small amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

dilute

Which intermolecular force is common to polar molecules but not to nonpolar molecules?

dipole-dipole forces

What forces exist between I2 molecules?

dispersion forces

Which intermolecular forces are present in all molecules and atoms?

dispersion forces

Which of the following is not a property of bases?

dissolves metals

The Lewis structure for oxygen gas includes which of the following?

double bond

What other reaction types can an acid-base reaction also be?

double replacement precipitation

An acid-base reaction is also a reaction.

double-displacement

Both precipitation and acid-base reactions can also be classified as:

double-displacement

As you move a column, metallic character increases.

down

Neon has _ valence electrons. Enter the word.

eight

Which of the following answer choices shows evidence of a chemical reaction?

emission of light whooshing sound release of heat formation of gas

The is the reactant left over in the chemical reaction.

excess reagent

Which of the following show evidence of a chemical reaction?

formation of gas

What is the primary reason for water's unique properties?

hydrogen bonding

Which intermolecular force is the strongest?

hydrogen bonding

magnesium hydroxide is

insoluable

What are some examples of acids?

lemons

The reactant that produces the smallest quantity of product is the and therefore determines the mass of the product that can be produced.

limiting reagent

What is the molecular geometry of carbon dioxide?

linear

What does l refer to when placing phases within a chemical equation?

liquid

What do resonance structures represent?

more than one possible structure this is a part of molecular geometry

An acid-base reaction is also called a reaction (not displacement).

neutralization

Write a balanced chemical reaction for the synthesis reaction of {math} Br_{2}(g) with Ca(s). [/math]

note p3

Write a balanced equation for the combustion of liquid methyl alcohol(CH3OH)

notes 3

Write the ionic equation for Iron II chloride and magnesium metal.

notes p2

Predict the products and write a complete molecular equation for sodium chloride and silver nitrate.

notes p3

Please show the net ionic equation for the reaction of Copper II chloride with silver acetate.

notes pg2

Write the molecular equation that show the reaction of Iron III chloride with magnesium metal.

notes pg2

What must a combustion reaction have as a reactant?

oxygen

What problem could happen if deep sea divers used pure oxygen in their tanks?

oxygen toxicity

Which solution below would have the highest concentration of hydroxide ions?

pH=12.49

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

produces H+

How is sodium hydroxide used?

production of soap

are on the right side of the arrow in a chemical reaction.

products

What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of a base?

protons accepto

are on the left side of the arrow in a chemical reaction.

reactants

What can contribute to acid rain?

reaction of nonmetal oxides with water

2Na(s)+Cl2(g)>NaCl(s) is an example of a reaction

redox

What type of reaction does the following statement describe? electrons are transferred from one substance to another

redox

How does a buffer work?

resists changes to pH

What does an acid base reaction produce along with water?

salt

If a solution is prepared by adding enough solute such that after heating and cooling, there is still a visible amount of solid at the bottom of the beaker, this solution would be considered:

saturated

What type of bond does bromine gas have?

single bond

Classify the following reaction: Calcium and hydrochloric acid produce calcium chloride and hydrogen gas

single replacement

Classify the following reaction: magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aqueous magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas

single replacement

The central atom in the chlorate anion, ClO-3 is surrounded by

three bonding and one unshared pair of electrons

three bonding and one unshared pair of electrons ClO-2 is surrounded by

two bonding and two unshared pairs of electrons

What is the measure of the resistance to the flow of a liquid?

viscosity

The usual products of an acid/base reaction are

water and salt